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The process of UPDATING SOFTWARE is known as software reengineering. This procedure entails ADDING new FEATURES and functionalities to the software in order to make it better and more EFFICIENT.

• Verification: The process of ensuring that software accomplishes its objectives WITHOUT defects is known as verification. It's the procedure for DETERMINING whether the PRODUCT being developed is correct or not. It determines whether the resulting product MEETS our specifications. It is mainly FOCUSED on functionality.
• Validation: Validation is the process of determining whether a software product meets the required standards, or in other words, whether it meets the product's quality criteria. It is the process of verifying product validation or ensuring that the product we are building is correct. Validation focuses on the quality of the software.

CASE tools are a collection of software application programs that automate SDLC tasks. Analysis tools, Design tools, PROJECT MANAGEMENT tools, Database Management tools, and Documentation tools are a few of the CASE tools available to simplify various stages of the Software Development LIFE Cycle.

A baseline is a software development milestone and REFERENCE POINT marked by the completion or delivery of one or more software deliverables. The MAIN objective of the baseline is to decrease and regulate vulnerability, or project weaknesses that can easily DAMAGE the project and lead to UNCONTROLLABLE changes.

The spiral model is a hybrid of the iterative development process and the waterfall model, with a FOCUS on risk analysis. In the SDLC Spiral model, the development process begins with a limited set of requirements and progresses through each development phase.  Until the application is ready for production, the software engineering team adds functionality for the INCREASED requirement in ever-increasing SPIRALS. 

Drawbacks of the spiral model are:

• It's significantly more complicated than other SDLC models. The procedure is intricate.
• Due to its high COST, it is not recommended for small projects.
• Risk Analysis is OVERLY reliant, and it necessitates a high level of skill.
• Time estimation is challenging 
• The spiral could continue endlessly.

A software prototype is a working model with limited FUNCTIONALITY. The prototype may or may not contain the exact logic used in the final software program, and therefore is an additional work that should be considered in the CALCULATION. Users can review developer proposals and TRY them out before they are implemented through prototyping. It also helps in comprehending user-specific details that may have been missed by the developer during PRODUCT development.

POC (Proof of Concept) is a method used by organizations to validate an idea or concept's practicality. The stage exists prior to the start of the software development PROCESS. On the basis of technical capability and business model, a mini project is built to see if a concept can be executed.

• It can deliver iteration faster, in the first iteration itself.
• Development takes place in parallel to each other.
• We can reduce the first delivery cost by USING this method.
• The user or client can PROVIDE feedback at each LEVEL and unexpected CHANGES in the requirement can be avoided.
• Risks can be identified and managed on a module-by-module BASIS.

The scope of a software project is a well-defined BOUNDARY that INCORPORATES all the activities involved in DEVELOPING and delivering a software product.  The scope defines what the product will and will not do, as well as what the final product will and will not contain. All capabilities and objects to be delivered as part of the software are EXPLICITLY defined in the software scope.

The waterfall is the easiest and most STRAIGHTFORWARD SDLC approach in SOFTWARE development. In this approach, the development process is linear, and each step is finished one by one. As the NAME implies, development progresses DOWNWARDS, much like a waterfall. The software has to cover the following phases in a waterfall model:

• Requirements
• Design
• Implementation
• Testing and integration
• Deployment
• Maintenance

Use cases:

• When requirements are well-defined and unchangeable.
• There are no ambiguous requirements or conditions.
• When the technology is well understood
• The project is brief, and the cast is small.
• The risk is negligible.

A software product manager LEADS and manages the software product management DEPARTMENT. They are in charge of the software product's SPECIALIZATION, goals, structure, and EXPECTATIONS. They also head the planning, backlog grooming, stakeholder management, and PROVIDING roadmap necessary to create the best software.

Debugging is the process of FINDING a software bug, in the context of software ENGINEERING. To put it another way, it REFERS to the process of finding, EVALUATING, and correcting problems. Debugging is essential once the software fails to RUN properly.

According to the annual State of AGILE report, Agile is the best SDLC methodology and also one of the most WIDELY used SDLC in the IT industry. The reason is that it is a hybrid of incremental and ITERATIVE approaches and works WELL in a flexible environment. That being said, select the model that suits your requirements.

• WATERFALL MODEL
• Spiral model
• Incremental model
• Agile Model
• Big BANG model
• Iterative model

The Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC) is a number of fundamental phases that teams must follow in order to produce and deliver high-quality software. Software TYPICALLY goes through the following phases:

• Requirements Gathering: The team identifies, collects, and defines core issues, requirements, requests, and customer expectations RELATED to the software application or service during this STAGE of the project. Generating software specifications, creating a thorough strategy, documentation, issue tracking, and project or product planning, including allocating the resources, are some tasks done during this phase.
• Software Design: The team makes software design decisions regarding the architecture and make of the software solution throughout this design phase of development.
• Software Development: Teams develop software solutions based on the design decisions made during earlier stages of the project
• Testing and Integration: Software is packaged and tested to ENSURE quality. Quality assurance, often known as testing, ENSURES that the solutions deployed fulfil the specified quality and performance criteria.
• Deployment: The software is installed in a production setting. The gathered, designed, built, and tested work is shared with the software service's customers and users.
• Operation and Maintenance: The software is installed in a production setting. The work is shared with the software service's customers and users.

The KEY difference between software is a collection of SEVERAL programs used to COMPLETE tasks, WHEREAS a program is a set of instructions expressed in a programming language. A program can be software, but software the vice versa is not TRUE.

A framework is a well-known method of developing and deploying software. It is a set of tools that allows developing software by providing information on how to make it on an abstract level, RATHER than giving EXACT DETAILS. The Software Process Framework is the basis of the entire software development process. The umbrella activities are also included in the software process STRUCTURE.

There are six MAJOR characteristics of software:

• Functionality: The things that software is intended to do are CALLED functionality. For example, a calculator's functionality is to perform mathematical operations.
• Efficiency: It is the ability of the software to use the provided resources in the best way possible. Increasing the efficiency of software increases resource utilization and reduces cost.
• Reliability: Reliability is the probability of failure-free operational software in an environment. It is an important characteristic of software.
• Usability: It refers to the user’s experience while using the software. Usability determines the satisfaction of the user.
• Maintainability: The ease with which you can repair, improve, and COMPREHEND software code is REFERRED to as maintainability. After the customer receives the product, a phase in the software development CYCLE called software maintenance begins.
• Portability: It refers to the ease with which the software product can be transferred from one environment to another.

Apart from the above-mentioned characteristics, the software also has the following characteristics:

• Software is engineered, it is not developed or manufactured like hardware. Development is an aspect of the hardware manufacturing process. Manufacturing does not exist in the case of software.
• The software doesn't wear out.
• The software is custom-built.

Software products are mainly categorized into:

• SYSTEM software: Softwares like operating systems, compilers, drivers, etc. fall into this category.
• Networking and web development software: Computer networking software offers the necessary functionality for computers to communicate with one ANOTHER and with data STORAGE facilities.
• Embedded Software: Software used in instrumentation and control APPLICATIONS such as washing machines, satellites, microwaves, TVs, etc.
• ARTIFICIAL Intelligence Software: Expert systems, decision support systems, pattern recognition software, artificial neural networks, and other types of software are included in this category.
• Scientific software: These support a scientific or engineering user's requirements for performing enterprise-specific tasks. Examples include MATLAB, AUTOCAD, etc.