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Application : Steel CHANNELS are SUBJECTED to a WIDE array of applications. The application fields are:

• Construction.
• Appliances.
• Transportation.
• Used in making Signposts.
• Used in wood flooring for athletic PURPOSES.
• Used in installing and making windows and doors.

Application : Steel channels are subjected to a wide array of applications. The application fields are:

Steel channels : Steel channels are used ideally as supports and guide rails. These are roll-formed products. The main metal used for making channels is steel along with aluminum. There are certain VARIATIONS that are available in the channels category, the categorization is MAINLY on the shape of the channel, the varieties are MENTIONED below: 

• J channels: This kind of channel has two legs and a WEB. One leg is longer. This channel resembles the letter-J.
• Hat channels: This channel has legs that are folded in the outward direction resembling an old fashioned man's hat.
• U channels: This most common and basic channel variety. It has a base known as a web and two equal length legs.
• C channels: In this channel the legs are folded back in the channel and resemble the letter-C. C channels are known as rests.
• Hemmed channels: In this kind of channel the top of the leg is folded HENCE forming double thickness. 

Steel channels : Steel channels are used ideally as supports and guide rails. These are roll-formed products. The main metal used for making channels is steel along with aluminum. There are certain variations that are available in the channels category, the categorization is mainly on the shape of the channel, the varieties are mentioned below: 

Steel Beams : Steel Beams is considered to be a STRUCTURAL element which mainly carries load in flexure meaning bending. Usually beams carry vertical gravitational force but are also CAPABLE of CARRYING horizontal loads generally in the case of an EARTHQUAKE.

The mechanism of carrying load in a beam is very unique, like; the load carried by a beam is TRANSFERRED to walls, columns or girders which in turn transfer the force to the adjacent structural compression members. The joists rest on the beam in light frame constructions. 

Steel Beams : Steel Beams is considered to be a structural element which mainly carries load in flexure meaning bending. Usually beams carry vertical gravitational force but are also capable of carrying horizontal loads generally in the case of an earthquake.

The mechanism of carrying load in a beam is very unique, like; the load carried by a beam is transferred to walls, columns or girders which in turn transfer the force to the adjacent structural compression members. The joists rest on the beam in light frame constructions. 

Types of STRUCTURAL steel : VARIOUS types of structural steel sections and their technical SPECIFICATIONS are as follows:

• BEAMS.
• Channels.
• ANGLES.
• Flats

Types of structural steel : Various types of structural steel sections and their technical specifications are as follows:

The important CHARACTERISTICS of STEEL for design purposes are:

• yield stress (Fy).
• ultimate stress (Fu).
• MODULUS of elasticity (E).
• percent elongation (ε).
• COEFFICIENT of thermal EXPANSION (α).

The important characteristics of steel for design purposes are:

1mm.

1mm.

Over 1 METER HEIGH.

Over 1 meter heigh.

10 MM MINIMUM.

10 mm minimum.

WAX – DIPPED.

Wax – dipped.

• MATERIAL GRADE.
• MANUFACTURE’s LOGO.

Snug TIGHTENING, TURN of nutpreten sioning calibrated wrench PRETENSIONING or direct­tension indicator pretensioning

Snug tightening, turn of nutpreten sioning calibrated wrench pretensioning or direct­tension indicator pretensioning

1 MM PER 1M ACCEPTED.

1 mm per 1m accepted.

MINIMUM 5 MM.

Minimum 5 mm.

Snug­tightened JOINT. PRETENSION JOIN or SLIP CRITICAL joint.

Snug­tightened joint. Pretension join or slip critical joint.

D1.1.

D1.1.

EQUAL to or LESS than 6MM

Equal to or less than 6mm

2 BOLT MINIMUM REQUIRED.

2 bolt minimum required.

7 DAYS MINIMUM.

7 days minimum.

MAX 13 MM.

Max 13 mm.

MINIMUM SIZE 20MM.

Minimum size 20mm.

ASTM A325 N.

ASTM A325 N.

MAXIMUM 3 MM.

Maximum 3 mm.

MINIMUM 25MM.

Minimum 25mm.

• LOCATION.
• ORIENTATION.
• ELEVATION.

• Visual INSPECTION.
• DIMENSION inspection.
• VERIFICATION of HEAT no and mill certificate INFORMATION’s.

• LAMINATION.
• DISTORTION.
• PITTING.

• Material received at site.
• Concrete bases and anchor bolts.
• SHIMS.
• Pre assembly at ground level.
• Main CONSTRUCTION STEEL erection (dimension bolt)
• Tightening for anchor bolt.
• ALIGNMENT for structural steel.
• Tightening for steel.
• Tightening for anchor bolts.
• Grouting.
• Complete structural steel erection (secondary beams, bracing).
• Calibration of whrench and device.
• Modification during and after erection includes cutting, welding, NDT,….etc).
• PAINTING inspection.

DESIGN process :

• Preliminary member sizing of beams
• Structural ANALYSIS - MODELING, analysis
• Design review - member modifications
• Cost of estimation
• PREPARATION of structural drawings and specifications
• Loads for structural analysis and design
• Dead LOAD
• Live load
• Mean return period OR
• Recurrence interval OR
• Live loads for various occupencies
• Reduction in basic design live load
• Impact Load
• Wind load

Design process :

RESISTENCE to DEFORMATION based UPON:

• MATERIAL.
• Length.
• X-section.

Resistence to deformation based upon:

structural steel design, is an area of knowledge of structural engineering used to design steel structures. The structures can range from schools to HOMES to BRIDGES. ... The SECOND is the Load and RESISTANCE Factor Design (LRFD) method.

structural steel design, is an area of knowledge of structural engineering used to design steel structures. The structures can range from schools to homes to bridges. ... The second is the Load and Resistance Factor Design (LRFD) method.