Explore topic-wise InterviewSolutions in .

This section includes InterviewSolutions, each offering curated multiple-choice questions to sharpen your knowledge and support exam preparation. Choose a topic below to get started.

1.

The skin depth is calculated from the amplitude of the wave. State true/false(a) True(b) FalseThis question was posed to me in examination.The question is from Skin Effect in chapter Transmission Lines of Electromagnetic Theory

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2.

The attenuation constant is 0.5 units. The skin depth will be(a) 0.5(b) 0.25(c) 2(d) 4I have been asked this question by my college director while I was bunking the class.This interesting question is from Skin Effect in portion Transmission Lines of Electromagnetic Theory

Answer» CORRECT OPTION is (c) 2

The best EXPLANATION: The skin depth is the reciprocal of the attenuation constant. Thus δ = 1/α. On SUBSTITUTING for α = 0.5, we get δ = 1/0.5 = 2 units.
3.

The effective skin resistance of a material with conductivity 120 and skin depth of 2μm is(a) 4.16 kilo ohm(b) 4.16 mega ohm(c) 41.6 kilo ohm(d) 41.6 mega ohmThis question was posed to me in an online interview.I want to ask this question from Skin Effect topic in section Transmission Lines of Electromagnetic Theory

Answer»

Correct answer is (a) 4.16 kilo ohm

The best EXPLANATION: The EFFECTIVE skin resistance is given by Rs = 1/δσ, where δ is the skin depth and σ is the conductivity. For the given data, δ = 2 X 10^-6 and σ = 120, we GET Rs = 1/(120x2x10^-6) = 4.16 kilo ohm.

4.

The standing waves for open circuit current and short circuit voltage are the same. State true/false.(a) true(b) falseThis question was posed to me by my college professor while I was bunking the class.I'm obligated to ask this question of Transmission Lines in portion Transmission Lines of Electromagnetic Theory

Answer»

Correct option is (a) true

For EXPLANATION I would say: The OPEN CIRCUIT current and short circuit voltage will be same for a transmission LINE. The phase difference is λ/8.

5.

The standing waves for open circuit voltage and short circuit current are the same. State true/false.(a) True(b) FalseThis question was posed to me in unit test.Query is from Transmission Lines topic in chapter Transmission Lines of Electromagnetic Theory

Answer»

The correct choice is (a) True

Easiest explanation: The OPEN circuit VOLTAGE and short circuit current will be same for a TRANSMISSION line. The PHASE difference is λ/8.

6.

Find the transmission coefficient of a 75 ohm line with load impedance of 40 ohm.(a) 0.69(b) 0.96(c) 0.31(d) 0.13I have been asked this question in unit test.This interesting question is from Transmission Lines in division Transmission Lines of Electromagnetic Theory

Answer»

Right ANSWER is (a) 0.69

Easy EXPLANATION: The transmission coefficient in terms of the LOAD impedance is given by T = ZL/Z0. On substituting for ZL = 40 and Zo = 75, we GET T = 40/75 = 0.69.

7.

For maximum power transfer theorem to be applied to the transmission line, the reflection coefficient has to be(a) 1(b) -1(c) 0(d) ∞I got this question in an international level competition.This intriguing question comes from Transmission Lines in division Transmission Lines of Electromagnetic Theory

Answer»

Correct choice is (c) 0

To explain: Maximum power transfer between the load and source is possible, only when both are matched. This will lead to no REFLECTIONS. Thus the REFLECTION coefficient will be zero.

8.

The short circuit impedance is given by 18 ohm and the characteristic impedance is 50 ohm. Find the open circuit impedance.(a) 138.8(b) 188.3(c) 388.1(d) 838.1This question was posed to me in final exam.Query is from Transmission Lines topic in section Transmission Lines of Electromagnetic Theory

Answer»

The correct OPTION is (a) 138.8

The explanation: The relation between characteristic impedance, OPEN and SHORT impedance is given by Zo^2 = ZSC Zoc. For the given values Zo = 50 and Zsc = 18, we GET Zoc = 50^2/18 = 138.8 units.

9.

The characteristic impedance of a line having open and short impedances of 20 and 5 respectively is(a) 20(b) 100(c) 25(d) 10The question was asked in my homework.This is a very interesting question from Transmission Lines in division Transmission Lines of Electromagnetic Theory

Answer»

The correct option is (d) 10

The explanation: The characteristic impedance is the geometric mean of the short and OPEN circuit impedance. It is given by Zo^2 = Zsc Zoc. On SUBSTITUTING Zoc = 20 and Zsc = 5, we get Zo^2 = 20 X 5 = 100. THUS Zo = 10 OHM.

10.

In a shorted line, the reflection coefficient will be(a) 0(b) 1(c) -1(d) ∞I got this question in an online interview.This question is from Transmission Lines in division Transmission Lines of Electromagnetic Theory

Answer»

The correct option is (c) -1

For explanation I would SAY: The shorted line will ABSORB more POWER than any other line. Thus the reflection coefficient is considered to be NEGATIVE.

11.

The standing wave ratio in short and open circuit transmission lines will be(a) 0(b) -1(c) 1(d) ∞I got this question in final exam.The origin of the question is Transmission Lines in section Transmission Lines of Electromagnetic Theory

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Correct answer is (d) ∞

To elaborate: The REFLECTION COEFFICIENT is 1 and -1 in open and SHORTED lines respectively. This value of reflection coefficient will YIELD INFINITE standing wave ratio.

12.

The open circuit line will have a reflection coefficient of(a) 0(b) 1(c) -1(d) ∞The question was asked during an interview.This is a very interesting question from Transmission Lines topic in portion Transmission Lines of Electromagnetic Theory

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The correct option is (B) 1

To explain I WOULD SAY: An open circuit LINE has infinite output IMPEDANCE. Any wave incident at the output will be completely reflected. Thus the reflection coefficient is unity.

13.

The short circuit impedance of the transmission line is given by(a) ZSC = j Zo tan βl(b) ZSC = -j Zo tan βl(c) ZSC = j Zo cot βl(d) ZSC = -j Zo cot βlThis question was posed to me during an online interview.My question is taken from Transmission Lines in division Transmission Lines of Electromagnetic Theory

Answer»

Right answer is (a) ZSC = J Zo tan βl

To ELABORATE: The short circuit in a TRANSMISSION line REFERS to the load side shorted. In this case, the load IMPEDANCE will be zero. Thus the transmission line equation will be ZSC = j Zo tan βl.

14.

The best stub selection for the transmission line will be(a) Series open(b) Series short(c) Shunt open(d) Shunt shortI had been asked this question in an internship interview.I want to ask this question from Smith Chart topic in section Transmission Lines of Electromagnetic Theory

Answer»

Correct option is (d) Shunt short

Easiest explanation: Normally series stubs are not preferred as modification of the stub parameters requires changing the whole stub setup. Shunt stubs ENABLE modification with ease. Open circuited stubs are not preferred as it will radiate power like an ANTENNA, which is UNDESIRABLE. HENCE shorted stubs are used.

15.

The open circuit impedance of the transmission line is given by(a) ZOC = j Zo tan βl(b) ZOC = – j Zo tan βl(c) ZOC = j Zo cot βl(d) ZOC = -j Zo cot βlI got this question during an internship interview.Question is taken from Transmission Lines topic in section Transmission Lines of Electromagnetic Theory

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The correct CHOICE is (d) ZOC = -j Zo cot βl

Easiest explanation: The open circuit in a transmission LINE refers to the load side open circuited. In this CASE, the load IMPEDANCE will be infinite. Thus the transmission line equation will be ZOC = -j Zo cot βl.

16.

The radius of the point having a normalised resistance of 1 ohm is(a) 1(b) 0.2(c) 0.5(d) 0.25This question was addressed to me in an online interview.I would like to ask this question from Smith Chart topic in portion Transmission Lines of Electromagnetic Theory

Answer»

Correct choice is (c) 0.5

The BEST I can explain: The radius of the point with a radius r is given by R = 1/r+1. On substituting for r = 1, we GET R = 1/1 + 1 = ½ = 0.5.

17.

The normalised load impedance of the transmission line 50 ohm with a load of 30 ohm is(a) 30(b) 150(c) 5/3(d) 3/5This question was posed to me in quiz.The query is from Smith Chart topic in section Transmission Lines of Electromagnetic Theory

Answer»

Correct choice is (d) 3/5

Easiest explanation: The normalised impedance is calculated by dividing the impedance with the characteristic impedance. GIVEN that the load impedance is 30 ohm, the normalised load impedance of the 50 ohm transmission line is 30/50 = 3/5 ohm.

18.

The centre of the point having a normalised resistance of 1.2 ohm and reactance of 1.5 ohm is(a) (0.54,0)(b) (0.45,0)(c) (0.36,0)(d) (0.78,0)The question was asked in an online interview.This question is from Smith Chart topic in chapter Transmission Lines of Electromagnetic Theory

Answer»

Right choice is (a) (0.54,0)

Easy explanation: The centre of a point in SMITH chart is given by C = (R/1+r, 0). On substituting for r = 1.2, we get centre as (1.2/1+1.2,0) = (0.54,0).

19.

The Smith chart is a polar chart which plots(a) R vs Z(b) R vs Znorm(c) T vs Z(d) T vs ZnormThis question was addressed to me in class test.My doubt stems from Smith Chart in portion Transmission Lines of Electromagnetic Theory

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The correct choice is (B) R vs Znorm

Best explanation: The SMITH chart is a frequency DOMAIN plot. It is the polar chart of the reflection coefficient R with respect to the NORMALISED impedance Znorm.

20.

The Smith chart consists of the(a) Constant R and variable X circles(b) Variable R and constant X circles(c) Constant R and constant X circles(d) Variable R and variable X circlesThis question was addressed to me in class test.The origin of the question is Smith Chart in portion Transmission Lines of Electromagnetic Theory

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The CORRECT option is (C) CONSTANT R and constant X circles

Explanation: The Smith chart CONSISTS of the constant resistance circles and the constant reactance circles. The impedances are plotted using these circles. Also STUB matching can be done using the Smith chart.

21.

Moving towards the clockwise direction in the Smith chart implies moving(a) Towards generator(b) Towards load(c) Towards stub(d) Towards waveguideThe question was posed to me in an online interview.I need to ask this question from Smith Chart topic in section Transmission Lines of Electromagnetic Theory

Answer» CORRECT ANSWER is (a) Towards generator

The explanation: On moving towards the clockwise direction in the Smith chart, we are TRAVERSING towards the generator. This is used to calculate the normalised LOAD IMPEDANCE.
22.

The circles in the Smith chart pass through which point?(a) (0,1)(b) (0,-1)(c) (-1,0)(d) (1,0)I had been asked this question during an online exam.Question is taken from Smith Chart in division Transmission Lines of Electromagnetic Theory

Answer» RIGHT answer is (d) (1,0)

Easiest explanation: All the CONSTANT resistance and REACTANCE circles in the Smith chart PASS through the (1,0) point. This is the midpoint of the Smith Chart. The resistance is unity and reactance is ZERO at this point.
23.

The Smith chart is graphical technique used in the scenario of transmission lines. State true/false.(a) True(b) FalseThis question was posed to me during a job interview.My enquiry is from Smith Chart in portion Transmission Lines of Electromagnetic Theory

Answer»

Correct answer is (a) True

The EXPLANATION is: The Smith chart is used for calculating the reflection COEFFICIENT and standing WAVE ratio for normalised load impedance of a TRANSMISSION LINE.

24.

The characteristic impedance of the transmission line with R= 45 ohm and G= 0.45 mho is(a) 100(b) 1(c) 0.1(d) 10I have been asked this question in quiz.This intriguing question comes from Lossless and Distortionless Line in chapter Transmission Lines of Electromagnetic Theory

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Correct ANSWER is (d) 10

Best explanation: The characteristic impedance in terms of R, G is ZO = √(R/G). On substituting for R = 45 and G = 0.45, we GET Zo = 10 units.

25.

The velocity of an electromagnetic wave with frequency 6MHz and a skin depth of 1.6 μm.(a) 3.75(b) 0.26(c) 9.6(d) 7.8The question was posed to me by my school teacher while I was bunking the class.Origin of the question is Lossless and Distortionless Line topic in division Transmission Lines of Electromagnetic Theory

Answer»

The correct option is (c) 9.6

To elaborate: The VELOCITY of a wave is the PRODUCT of the FREQUENCY and the skin depth. It is given v = F. δ. On substituting for f = 6 x 10^6 and δ = 1.6 x 10^-6, we GET v = 6 x 10^6 x 1.6 x 10^-6 = 9.6 units.

26.

For R= 20 ohm and G= 0.8 mho, the attenuation constant will be(a) 16(b) 4(c) 2(d) 32The question was posed to me by my school teacher while I was bunking the class.The origin of the question is Lossless and Distortionless Line topic in chapter Transmission Lines of Electromagnetic Theory

Answer»

Correct choice is (B) 4

The best I can explain: The ATTENUATION constant is given by α = √(RG), where R and G is the resistance and conductance respectively. On SUBSTITUTING for R = 20 and G = 0.8, we get α = √(20 x 0.8) = 4 units.

27.

Given that R = 20 ohm, L = 40 mH, C = 40 μF, G = 0.02 mho. Find whether the line is distortionless or not.(a) Distorted line(b) Distortionless line(c) All of the mentioned(d) None of the mentionedI have been asked this question during a job interview.This key question is from Lossless and Distortionless Line topic in division Transmission Lines of Electromagnetic Theory

Answer»

Correct choice is (b) Distortionless LINE

The explanation is: For a distortionless line, the CONDITION R/L = G/C MUST be true. On substituting for R = 20, L = 40 mH, C = 40 μF, G = 0.02, we get R/L = 500 and G/C = 500. Thus the line is distortionless.

28.

The condition that holds good in a distortionless transmission line is(a) R/L = G/C(b) RL = GC(c) L/R = C/G(d) RG/LCThe question was posed to me in an interview for internship.Query is from Lossless and Distortionless Line topic in division Transmission Lines of Electromagnetic Theory

Answer» CORRECT option is (a) R/L = G/C

Easiest explanation: For a distortionless TRANSMISSION line, the primary constants are RELATED by R/L = G/C.
29.

The velocity of the transmission line with a frequency of 35 radian/s and phase constant of 68.5 is(a) 1.95(b) 2.36(c) 4.56(d) 3.48This question was posed to me by my school principal while I was bunking the class.I would like to ask this question from Lossless and Distortionless Line in chapter Transmission Lines of Electromagnetic Theory

Answer» RIGHT answer is (a) 1.95

To EXPLAIN I would say: The VELOCITY of the wave in a transmission line is the ratio of the frequency to the phase constant. THUS V = ω/β. On substituting for ω = 35 and β = 68.5, we get v = 68.5/35 = 1.95 units.
30.

The attenuation constant is measured in the units of(a) Ohm(b) Neper(c) Decibel(d) Radian/secI got this question in quiz.This intriguing question comes from Lossless and Distortionless Line topic in section Transmission Lines of Electromagnetic Theory

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The correct CHOICE is (b) NEPER

Explanation: The ATTENUATION is the loss of power due to the transmission. It is measured in the Neper units. 1 neper = 8.68 decibel/m.

31.

The characteristic impedance of the line having primary constants L and C as 35 milli henry and 70 micro farad respectively is(a) 500(b) 22.36(c) 125(d) 50This question was addressed to me in final exam.The origin of the question is Lossless and Distortionless Line topic in portion Transmission Lines of Electromagnetic Theory

Answer»

Correct answer is (B) 22.36

To explain: The characteristic impedance of a lossless line is given by Zo = √(L/C). On substituting for L = 35 X 10^-3 and C = 70 x 10^-6, we get Zo = √(500) = 22. 36 ohm.

32.

Which two parameters given below are zero in the lossless line?(a) L, C(b) C, G(c) G, α(d) R, LI had been asked this question in my homework.I want to ask this question from Lossless and Distortionless Line in division Transmission Lines of Electromagnetic Theory

Answer»

Correct answer is (c) G, α

The explanation is: Due to the minimal losses in the lossless TRANSMISSION line, the parameters of conductance and attenuation CONSTANT are assumed to be zero. Practically, a lossless line is not POSSIBLE.

33.

The resistance of a lossless transmission line is(a) 0(b) 1(c) -1(d) InfinityThis question was posed to me during an interview for a job.The question is from Lossless and Distortionless Line topic in section Transmission Lines of Electromagnetic Theory

Answer»

The correct option is (a) 0

For explanation I would say: The lossless transmission line will have minimal LOSS of POWER. Thus in the ideal CASES, the resistance is ASSUMED to be ZERO.

34.

The transmission line is said to be lossless when the(a) Conductor is perfect and dielectric is lossless(b) Conductor is perfect and dielectric is lossy(c) Conductor is imperfect and dielectric is lossy(d) Conductor is imperfect and dielectric is losslessThe question was asked in an international level competition.My question is based upon Lossless and Distortionless Line in portion Transmission Lines of Electromagnetic Theory

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Right option is (a) CONDUCTOR is PERFECT and dielectric is lossless

The explanation: Lossless TRANSMISSION LINE refers to a line with no losses or attenuation. This is possible only when the conductor is perfect and the dielectric is lossless.

35.

The cut off frequency for waveguide operation is(a) 2 MHz(b) 6 GHz(c) 4 MHz(d) 6 MHzI have been asked this question in unit test.This question is from Types of Transmission Lines topic in division Transmission Lines of Electromagnetic Theory

Answer» CORRECT option is (B) 6 GHz

The best I can explain: The WAVEGUIDES should be operated above the cut off frequency of 6 GHz. This will lead to effective power TRANSMISSION. At a frequency below this, will lead to attenuation.
36.

The range of frequencies operated by the coaxial cables is in(a) Hz(b) kHz(c) MHz(d) GHzThis question was posed to me at a job interview.This key question is from Types of Transmission Lines in division Transmission Lines of Electromagnetic Theory

Answer»

Right option is (c) MHz

The best I can explain: COAXIAL cables are operated in the MHz range. The main application includes TELEVISION CABLE line transmission.

37.

Identify which is not a type of waveguide.(a) Rectangular(b) Circular(c) Cylindrical(d) Cavity resonatorThe question was posed to me in an online quiz.Origin of the question is Types of Transmission Lines topic in portion Transmission Lines of Electromagnetic Theory

Answer» RIGHT choice is (d) Cavity resonator

Easiest EXPLANATION: Rectangular WAVEGUIDE is a COMMONLY used waveguide. Cylindrical and circular waveguides are the same. Cavity resonator is not a waveguide.
38.

The range of frequencies handled by the waveguides is in(a) Hz(b) KHz(c) MHz(d) GHzI have been asked this question during a job interview.Origin of the question is Types of Transmission Lines in section Transmission Lines of Electromagnetic Theory

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Correct ANSWER is (d) GHz

The best EXPLANATION: The waveguides are operated in the GHz range. In particular, the waveguides are ACTIVE above 6 GHz. The range goes upto several tens of GHz. Beyond this range, the transmission is HANDLED by OPTIC fibre cables.

39.

The coaxial cable are used in(a) Telephone cables transmission(b) Power transmission(c) Television signal transmission(d) Short wave transmissionThis question was addressed to me during an online interview.I'd like to ask this question from Types of Transmission Lines in portion Transmission Lines of Electromagnetic Theory

Answer»

The CORRECT ANSWER is (c) Television SIGNAL transmission

To elaborate: Practically, the COAXIAL cables are employed in the transmission of the television signals from the dish antenna to the transponder.

40.

The coaxial cable consists of(a) Conductors(b) Dielectric(c) Conductor with dielectric(d) Two conductors with dielectricI had been asked this question in semester exam.This intriguing question originated from Types of Transmission Lines in portion Transmission Lines of Electromagnetic Theory

Answer»

The correct answer is (d) TWO CONDUCTORS with dielectric

Easy explanation: The COAXIAL cable CONSISTS of a hollow conductor and the SECOND conductor is located inside and coaxial with the tube. The dielectric may be solid or gaseous.

41.

The conductors lie perpendicularly with the dielectric in the cable line. State true/false.(a) True(b) FalseThis question was addressed to me in semester exam.My query is from Types of Transmission Lines topic in chapter Transmission Lines of Electromagnetic Theory

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The correct answer is (b) False

The best I can explain: In all the transmission LINES, the conductors are CONSIDERED to be PARALLEL with a solid dielectric.

42.

The cable transmission line consists of(a) Conductors(b) Insulators(c) Insulated conductors(d) Insulated conductors with dielectricI had been asked this question in final exam.My question is from Types of Transmission Lines topic in section Transmission Lines of Electromagnetic Theory

Answer»

Right answer is (d) INSULATED CONDUCTORS with dielectric

For explanation I would say: The CABLE lines are underground TRANSMISSION lines. The line consists of hundreds of individual paper insulated conductors twisted in pairs and combined INSIDE a protective lead or plastic sheath, which is usually a solid dielectric.

43.

Telephone lines and power lines are open wire transmission lines. State true/false.(a) True(b) FalseThis question was posed to me by my school principal while I was bunking the class.Origin of the question is Types of Transmission Lines in division Transmission Lines of Electromagnetic Theory

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The CORRECT option is (a) True

For explanation: The open WIRE lines are long and used for distant WIRED COMMUNICATION. Such lines are telephone and power lines.

44.

The open wire transmission line consists of(a) Conductor(b) Dielectric(c) Both conductor and dielectric(d) Either conductor or dielectricI had been asked this question in exam.This question is from Types of Transmission Lines topic in chapter Transmission Lines of Electromagnetic Theory

Answer»

The CORRECT option is (C) Both CONDUCTOR and DIELECTRIC

To explain: The open wire is a common form of transmission line. The open wire consists of CONDUCTORS. The conductors of such lines are considered to be parallel and separated by a dielectric.

45.

Identify which of the following is not a transmission line?(a) Telephone lines(b) Power transmission(c) Underground cables(d) Cavity resonatorsI have been asked this question in an online quiz.This question is from Types of Transmission Lines topic in section Transmission Lines of Electromagnetic Theory

Answer»

The correct option is (d) CAVITY resonators

To EXPLAIN I would say: The types of transmission LINE are telephone lines, power transmission lines, UNDERGROUND cables, COAXIAL cables, fibre optic cable transmission etc. Cavity resonators are not transmission lines, they are components that aid maximum transmission.

46.

The resultant electric field of two components in the x and y direction having amplitudes 6 and 8 respectively is(a) 100(b) 36(c) 64(d) 10This question was posed to me in an internship interview.The question is from Skin Effect topic in portion Transmission Lines of Electromagnetic Theory

Answer»

Right ANSWER is (d) 10

Explanation: The RESULTANT electric field of TWO components is given by E = √(Ex^2 + Ey^2). For the given data, the electric field will be E = √(6^2+8^2) = 10 units.

47.

A perfect conductor acts as a(a) Perfect transmitter(b) Perfect reflector(c) Bad transmitter(d) Bad reflectorThe question was asked by my school principal while I was bunking the class.I want to ask this question from Skin Effect topic in portion Transmission Lines of Electromagnetic Theory

Answer»

Correct option is (b) PERFECT reflector

Easiest explanation: A perfect conductor acts as a perfect reflector. In other words, a WAVE INCIDENT on a perfect conductor will be totally reflected back into the same medium. There will be no skin EFFECT.

48.

A perfect dielectric acts as a(a) Perfect transmitter(b) Perfect reflector(c) Bad transmitter(d) Bad reflectorI got this question in an internship interview.The origin of the question is Skin Effect topic in division Transmission Lines of Electromagnetic Theory

Answer»

Correct CHOICE is (a) Perfect TRANSMITTER

The BEST I can EXPLAIN: A perfect dielectric acts as a perfect transmitter. In other words, a wave incident on a perfect dielectric will transmit completely through it.

49.

The relation between the skin depth and frequency is given by(a) Skin depth α f(b) Skin depth α 1/f(c) Skin depth α √f(d) Skin depth α 1/√fI got this question in an online quiz.Question is from Skin Effect in portion Transmission Lines of Electromagnetic Theory

Answer»

Correct CHOICE is (d) Skin depth α 1/√f

Explanation: The skin depth is GIVEN by δ = 1/√(πfμσ). Thus the RELATION between the skin depth and the FREQUENCY is, Skin depth α 1/√f.

50.

The skin depth is measured in(a) Meter(b) Millimetre(c) Centimetre(d) MicrometerI got this question in exam.This key question is from Skin Effect in division Transmission Lines of Electromagnetic Theory

Answer» RIGHT choice is (d) Micrometer

Explanation: The DEPTH to which the electromagnetic waves pass through the CONDUCTOR is very SMALL. It is MEASURED in μm.