Explore topic-wise InterviewSolutions in .

(a) No rainfall for a year or more may lead to Droughts in that region. 

(b) Excessive rains may cause Floods

Correct option is B) Dams

i) It tells us about the floods.

ii) Yes. Recently we saw this situation in Madras, Kerala and Mumbai.

iii) Climatic changes, pollution, deforestation, El Nino etc. are some factors for this situation.

iv) Yes. I heard about the floods named Hud hud in 2014 and Tithli in 2018.

• A powerful Titli cyclone tore into coastal areas of Odisha and Andhra Pradesh with winds of up to 150 km/h. 
• About 3 lakh people have been evacuated from low lying districts

Enough trees must be planted in the garden so that the roots of the trees will make a mesh underground holding the soil firmly, not allowing the soil to get washed away.

Our body uses water to regulate its temperature and maintain other bodily functions. On average, the human body requires 2-3 litres of water per day for proper functioning. Water helps in the digestion of food and the removal of toxins in the body. This is the reason why water bells are introduced in our schools.

Water is not only available from sources such as rivers, lakes and ponds but also present in certain fruits and vegetables. Fruits like watermelon and vegetables like cucumber contain a lot of water. Can you suggest some other examples? Our body also contains 70% of water by weight. Think, why we take juicy fruits in summer.

• It is very difficult to get food and fodder. 
• Drinking water is scarce. 
• People need to travel long distances to collect water. 
• Soil becomes dry, agriculture and cultivation become difficult. 
• People migrate to other places in search of jobs.

• Educate the people to change consumption of water and their life styles. Recycle the waste water. 
• By following the water management techniques. 
• Improve irrigation and agricultural practises 
• By following water conservation methods such as rain water harvesting etc.

1. Unsustainable extraction of fresh water causes water scarcity. 

2. Due to the over-extraction of fresh water underground reserves are falling rapidly. 

3. In India, the water table has fallen more than 300 meters’. 

4. Human interventions which degrade the quality and quantity of the natural supply of fresh water occur, in 3 principal ways. 

5. Firstly dams alter the natural flow of rivers often leading to water scarcity.

6. Secondly, soil moisture is lost by land degradation due to poor farming practices and deforestation. 

7. Thirdly, surface water is polluted by run-off chemicals used in industries and households.

• Water scarcity may be caused by climate change due to deforestation and pollution from industries. 
• Less amount of rainfall for so many years leads to water scarcity.

The main reasons for water scarcity are

• Population explosion 
• Uneven distribution of rainfall 
• Decline of ground water table 
• Pollution of water 
• Careless use of water

There are two types of rainwater harvesting. 

1. Collecting water from where it falls. 

2. Collecting rainwater by constructing bunds

Correct option is (b) rain

Roof water harvesting: Collecting water from the rooftops of the houses/buildings.

Use of paver stones to make roads or foot paths is a solution, as the rainwater will then be able to seep through the joints and percolate into the soil, instead of it flowing into the drains and getting wasted.

Correct option is (a) suffer

Surface water: 

1. Water present on the surface of the earth.

2. Ex : River, lake, ponds, streams or freshwater.

Groundwater: 

1. Water present beneath earth’s surface in soil. 

2. Ex : open wells, tube wells (or) hand pumps, Spings etc.

We need water to perform day to day activities like cooking food, washing clothes, cleaning utensils, bathing etc.

1. Floods 

2. Tsunami 

3. Drought

1. During a famine humans and animals suffer from scarcity of water. 

2. As there is no water for agriculture, grain and fodder become scarce in the famine-stricken areas. 

3. People living in these areas have to face a lot of hardship. 

4. Animals and plants in these parts also suffer.

Famine: Extreme scarcity of food.

Correct option is (c) domestic

Correct option is (b) scarce

Two processes are responsible for the formation of clouds.

1. Evaporation 

2. Condensation

When it is not possible to build large dams then people and government come together to build smaller reservoirs, contour bunding, constructing bunds on smaller streams or dig wells in river beds to increase the groundwater storage level.

1. The government temporarily moves people and animals from famine-stricken areas to safe places where they can be provided with water foodgrain and fodder. 

2. Fodder camps are set up to take care of domestic animals.

• The process of evaporation followed by condensation causes the formation of clouds. 
• On a warm day, the sun heats up the water in oceans, seas, rivers, ponds etc. 
• It helps the water convert to water vapour by the process of evaporation. 
• When the water vapour rises up into the atmosphere it becomes cooler. 
• When water vapour reaches a higher level, it condenses due to contact with cool air and forms small drops or water droplets. 
• These tiny droplets remain floating in the air at higher levels of the atmosphere and appear as clouds.

Rainwater from roof tops is drained into large tanks placed besides the building thus saving rain water.

We observe evaporation by the following situations in our daily life. 

• Wet clothes drying under the sun. 
• Hot tea getting cold. Drying of mopped floor. 
• Drying of lakes and rivers 
• In the preparation of salt from the sea. 
• Grains and fishes dry under the sun.
•  In the formation of clouds.

We need water to perform day to day activities like 

a) drinking 

b) toilets 

c) bathing 

d) washing clothes 

e) for cleaning utensils 

• Water is essential for the germination of seed. 
• Water is used to generate electricity. 
• Water is used for irrigation in the crops. 
• Water is essential for our body metabolic activities. 
• Water is used in many industries.

Correct option is (a) stored

Yes. Here are the following situations where water vapour changes into water. 

• Dew forming on grass and plants in early morning. 
• Eye glasses fogging up in a cold winter day. 
• Water drops forming a glass holding a cool drink or ice cream. 
• Cooked food lid get water drops when the vessel cooled.

• During the winter season due to low temperature, the fog in the air settle on the grass and plants. 
• Due to the transpiration process water is also evaporate through stomata. It also condensed to form fog. 
• This fog condensed into tiny droplets of water which is called as dew. 
• We can observe this dew only in the early hours of the day.

Cities Situated Near River

Cities Situated Near Ocean Coast

Cities situated Near lakes

Correct option is A) 22nd March

Water is one of the most abundant and important compounds in the world. It is the major constituent of all living organism, some plants contain more percentage of water, the human body has about 65% of water. Neither plants, animals nor human beings can survive without water.

(a)  False 

(b)  True

The rain water is the main source of ground water. Water from other sources such as rivers, ponds seeps through the soil and fills the empty spaces and cracks deep below the ground.