56 + Interview Questions in X-RAYS IN GENERAL AWARENESS Page 1 InterviewSolution

1.	If the current in the circuit for heating the filament is increased, the cutoff wavelength(a) will increase (b) will decrease(c) will remain unchanged (d) will change.
Answer» (c) will remain unchanged

Discussion

2.	The distance between the cathode (filament) and the target in an X-ray tube is 1.5 m. If the cutoff wavelength is 30 pm, find the electric field between the cathode and the target.
Answer» Correct Answer - `27.7 kV//m`

Discussion

3.	If the potential difference applied to the tube is doubled and the separation between the filament and the target is also doubled. the cutoff wavelength(a) will remain unchanged (b) will be doubled(c) will be halved(d) will become four times the original.
Answer» (c) will be halved

Discussion

4.	Consider a photon of continuous X-ray coming from a Coolidge tube. Its energy comes from(a) the kinetic energy of the striking electron(b) the kinetic energy of the free electrons of the target(c) the kinetic energy of the ions of the target(d) an atomic transition in the target.
Answer» (a) the kinetic energy of the striking electron

Discussion

5.	Frequencies of Ka X-rays of different materials are measured. Which one of the graphs in figure (44-Q1) may represent the relation between the frequency v and the atomic number Z.
Answer» Graph d represent the relation between the frequency v and the atomic number Z.

Discussion

6.	The X-ray beam coming from an X-ray tube(a) is monochromatic(b) has all wavelengths smaller than a certain maximum wavelength(c) has all wavelengths greater than a certain minimum wavelength(d) has all wavelengths lying between a minimum and a maximum wavelength.
Answer» (c) has all wavelengths greater than a certain minimum wavelength

Discussion

7.	Consider a photon of continuous X-ray coming from a Coolidge tube. Its energy comes fromA. the K.E. of the striking electronB. the K.E. of the free electrons of the targetC. the K.E. of the ions of the targetD. an atomic transition in the target
Answer» Correct Answer - A

Discussion

8.	The energy of a photon of characteristic X-ray from a Coolidge tube comes from(a) the kinetic energy of the striking electron(b) the kinetic energy of the free electrons of the target(c) the kinetic energy of the ions^of the target(d) an atomic transition in the target.
Answer» (d) an atomic transition in the target.

Discussion

9.	The X-ray beam coming from an X-ray tubeA. is monochromaticB. has all wavelengths smaller than a cartain maximum wavelengthC. has all wavelengths greater than a cartain maximum wavelengthD. has all wavelength lying between a minimum and a maximum wavelength
Answer» Correct Answer - C

Discussion

10.	The potential difference applied to an X-ray tube is increased. As a result, in the emitted radiation,A. (i),(ii)B. (ii),(iii)C. (iii),(iv)D. (i),(iv)
Answer» Correct Answer - C

Discussion

11.	The `K_beta` X-ray of argon has a wavelength of 0.36 nm. The minimum energy needed to ionize an argon atom is 16 eV. Find the energy needed to knock out an electron from the K shell of an argon atom.
Answer» Correct Answer - `3.47 keV`

Discussion

12.	Consider a photon of continuous X-ray and a photon of characteristic X-ray of the same wavelength. Which of the following i^are different for the two photons? (a) frequency (b) energy(c) penetrating power (d) method of creation.
Answer» (d) method of creation.

Discussion

13.	Mark the correct options.(a) An atom with a vacancy has smaller energy than a neutral atom.(b) K X-ray is emitted when a hole makes a jump from the K shell to some other shell.(c) The wavelength of K X-ray is smaller than the wavelength of L X-ray of the same material.(d) The wavelength of K0 X-ray is smaller than the wavelength of X-ray of the same material.
Answer» (b) K X-ray is emitted when a hole makes a jump from the K shell to some other shell. (c) The wavelength of K X-ray is smaller than the wavelength of L X-ray of the same material.

13.

Mark the correct options.(a) An atom with a vacancy has smaller energy than a neutral atom.(b) K X-ray is emitted when a hole makes a jump from the K shell to some other shell.(c) The wavelength of K X-ray is smaller than the wavelength of L X-ray of the same material.(d) The wavelength of K0 X-ray is smaller than the wavelength of X-ray of the same material.

Answer»

(b) K X-ray is emitted when a hole makes a jump from the K shell to some other shell.

(c) The wavelength of K X-ray is smaller than the wavelength of L X-ray of the same material.

Discussion

14.	X-ray incident on a material(a) exerts a force on it (b) transfers energy to it (c) transfers momentum to it(d) transfers impulse to it.
Answer» The correct answer is all.

Discussion

15.	Find the energy, the frequency and the momentum of an X-ray photon of wavelength 0.10 nm.
Answer» Correct Answer - `[12.431 KeV, 3 xx 10^(18) Hz, 6.63 xx10^(-24) kg-m//s]`

Discussion

16.	When an electron strikes the target in a Coolidge tube, its entire kinetic energyA. (i),(ii)B. (ii),(iii)C. (iii),(iv)D. (ii),(iv)
Answer» Correct Answer - D

Discussion

17.	X-ray incident on a material (i) exerts a force on it (ii) transfers energy to it (iii) transfers momentum to it (iv) transfer impulse to itA. (i),(ii),(iii)B. (ii),(iii),(iv)C. (i),(iii),(iv)D. all
Answer» Correct Answer - D

Discussion

18.	When an electron strikes the target in a Coolidge tube, its entire kinetic energy(a) is converted into a photon(b) may be converted into a photon(c) is converted into heat(d) may be converted into heat.
Answer» (b) may be converted into a photon (d) may be converted into heat.

Discussion

19.	For a given material, the energy and wavelength of characterstic X-rays satisfy(a) E(Kα) > E(Kβ) > E(kγ ) (b) E(Mα > E(Lα) > E(Kα)(c) λ(Kα) > λ(Kβ) > λ(Kγ) (d) λ(Mα) > λ(Lα > λ(Kα).
Answer» (C)(d) The energy and wavelength of characterstic X rays satisfy (c) λ(K_α) > λ(K_β) > λ(K_γ) (d) λ(M_α) > λ(L_α > λ(K_α).

19.

For a given material, the energy and wavelength of characterstic X-rays satisfy(a) E(Kα) > E(Kβ) > E(kγ ) (b) E(Mα > E(Lα) > E(Kα)(c) λ(Kα) > λ(Kβ) > λ(Kγ) (d) λ(Mα) > λ(Lα > λ(Kα).

Answer»

(C)(d)

The energy and wavelength of characterstic X rays satisfy

(c) λ(K_α) > λ(K_β) > λ(K_γ)

(d) λ(M_α) > λ(L_α > λ(K_α).

Discussion

20.	The potential difference applied to an X-ray tube is increased. As a result, in the emitted radiation,(a) the intensity increases(b) the minimum wavelength increases(c) the intensity remains unchanged(d) the minimum wavelength decreases.
Answer» (c) the intensity remains unchanged (d) the minimum wavelength decreases.

Discussion

21.	Find the maximum potential difference which may be applied across an X-ray tube with tungsten target without emitting any characteristics K or L X-ray. The energy levels of the tungsten atom with an electron knocked out are as follows. Cell containing vacancy K L MEnergy in keV 69.5 11.3 2.3
Answer» Correct Answer - [Less than 11.3 kV]

Discussion

22.	If the current in the circuit for heating the filament is increased, the cutoff wavelengthA. will increaseB. will decreaseC. sameD. none
Answer» Correct Answer - C

Discussion

23.	Which of the following is correct regarding X-raysA. When incident on certain materials such as barium platocyanide, X-rays cause fluorescence (light is emitted from the material)B. When passed through a gas, X-rays ionize the molecules of the gasC. When X-ray passes through a material of thickness x, its final and initial intansity (I and `I_(0)`) are related as `I=I_(0) e^(-mu x), mu`: attenuation coefficientD. All option are correct
Answer» Correct Answer - D

Discussion

24.	Figure (44-Q2) shows the intensity-wavelength relations of X-rays coming from two different Coolidge tubes. The solid curve represents the relation for the tube A in which the potential difference between the target and the filament is VA, and the atomic number of the target, material is ZA. These quantities are VB and ZBfor the other tube. Then,(a) VA > VB, ZA > ZB (b) VA> VB, ZA< ZB(c) VA < VB, ZA > ZB(d) VA< VB. ZA < ZB.
Answer» The correct answer is (b) V_A> V_B, Z_A< Z_B

Discussion

25.	One of the following wavelengths is absent and the rest are present in the X-rays coming from a Coolidge tube. Which one is the absent wavelength?(a) 25pm (b) 50pm (c) 75pm (d) 100pm.
Answer» (a) Absent wavelength 25pm.

Discussion

26.	Moseley's law for characteristic X-rays is √v = a(Z - b). In this,(a) both a and b are independent of the material(b) a is independent but b depends on the material(c) b is independent but a depends on the material(d) both a and b depend on the material.
Answer» (a) both a and b are independent of the material

Discussion

27.	Frequencies of `K_alpha` X-rays of different materials are measured. Which one of the graphs in figure (44-Q1) may represent the relation between the frequency v and the atomic number Z. A. aB. bC. cD. d
Answer» Correct Answer - D `sqrt(v)=a(Z-b)` `v=a^(2)(Z-b)` `ypropx^(2)` (parabola open upward)

Discussion

28.	The `Ka` X-ray of molybdenum has wavelength 71 pm. If the energy of a molybdenum atom with a K electron knocked out is 23:32 keV, what will be the energy of this atom when an L electron is knocked out?
Answer» `E_(K)-E_(L)=(hc)/lambda_(K_(alpha))` `lambda_(K_(alpha))=71 p m=0.071 nm` `E(eV)=1242/(lambda(nm))=1242/0.071=17.5xx10^(3) eV=17.5 keV` `E_(K)-E_(L)=E` `23.32-E_(L)=17.5` `E_(L)=5.82 ke V`

Discussion

29.	X-ray beam can be deflected(a) by an electric field (b) by a magnetic field(c) by an electric field as well as by a magnetic field(d) neither by an electric field nor by a magnetic field.
Answer» (d) neither by an electric field nor by a magnetic field.

Discussion

30.	X-ray from a Coolidge tube is incident on a thin aluminium foil. The intensity of the X-ray transmitted by the foil is found to be I0. The heating current is increased so as to increase the temperature of the filament. The intensity of the X-ray transmitted by the foil will be.(a) zero (b) <I0 (c) I0 (d) > I0.
Answer» (d) The intensity of the X-ray transmitted by the foil will be > I₀.

Discussion

31.	Visible light passing through a circular hole forms a diffraction disc of radius 0.1mm on a screen. If X-ray is passed through the same set-up, the radius of the diffraction disc will be(a) zero (b) <0.1mm (c) 0.1mm (d) >0.1mm.
Answer» (d) The radius of the diffraction disc will be >0.1mm.

Discussion

32.	In a laboratory experiment on emission from atomic hydrogen in a discharge tube, only a small number of lines are observed whereas a large number of lines are present in the hydrogen spectrum of a star. This is because in a laboratory (a) the amount of hydrogen taken is much smaller than that present in the star (b) the temperature of hydrogen is much smaller than that of the star (c) the pressure of hydrogen is much smaller than that of the star (d) the gravitational pull is much smaller than that in the star.
Answer» (c) the pressure of hydrogen is much smaller than that of the star (d) the gravitational pull is much smaller than that in the star.

32.

In a laboratory experiment on emission from atomic hydrogen in a discharge tube, only a small number of lines are observed whereas a large number of lines are present in the hydrogen spectrum of a star. This is because in a laboratory (a) the amount of hydrogen taken is much smaller than that present in the star (b) the temperature of hydrogen is much smaller than that of the star (c) the pressure of hydrogen is much smaller than that of the star (d) the gravitational pull is much smaller than that in the star.

Answer»

(c) the pressure of hydrogen is much smaller than that of the star

(d) the gravitational pull is much smaller than that in the star.

Discussion

33.	An electron with kinetic energy 5eV is incident on a hydrogen atom in its ground state. The collision(a) must be elastic (b) may be partially elastic(c) must be completely inelastic(d) may be completely inelastic.
Answer» (b) may be partially elastic

Discussion

34.	For harder X-rays,(a) the wavelength is higher(b) the intensity is higher(c) the frequency is higher(d) the photon energy is higher.
Answer» (c) the frequency is higher (d) the photon energy is higher.

Discussion

35.	Which of the following is accompanied by the characteristic `X` - ray emission ?A. `alpha`-particle emissionB. electron emissionC. positron emissionD. K-electron capture
Answer» Correct Answer - D

Discussion

36.	For harder X-rays, (i) the wavelength is higher (ii) the intensity is higher (iii) the frequency is higher (iv) the photon energy is higherA. (i),(ii)B. (ii),(iii)C. (iii),(iv)D. (i),(iv)
Answer» Correct Answer - C

Discussion

37.	Consider a photon of continuous X-ray and a photon of characteristic X-ray of the same wavelength. Which of the following is/are different for the two photons?A. frequencyB. energyC. penetrating powerD. method of creation
Answer» Correct Answer - D

Discussion

38.	Which one of the following statement is `WRONG` in the context of X- rays generated from X- rays tube ?A. Wavelength of characteristic X-rays decreases when the atomic number of the target increasesB. Cut-off wavelength of the continuous X-rays depends on the atomic number of the targetC. Intensity of the characteristic X-ray depends on the electrical power given to the X-ray tubeD. Cut-off wavelength of the continuous X-ray depends on the energy of the electrons in the X-ray tube
Answer» Correct Answer - B

Discussion

39.	When an electron moving at a high speed strikes a metal surface, which of the following are possible? (i) The entire energy of the electron may be converted into an X-ray photon (ii) Any fraction of energy of the electron may be converted into an X-ray photon (iii) The entire energy of the electron may get converted to heat (iv) The electron may undergo elastic collision with the metal surfaceA. (i),(ii),(iii)B. (ii),(iii),(iv)C. (i),(iii),(iv)D. all
Answer» Correct Answer - A

Discussion

40.	A certain element emits `K_alpha` X-ray of energy 3.69 keV. Use the data from the previous problem to identify the element.
Answer» Correct Answer - Calcium

Discussion

41.	The wavelength of `K_alpha` X-ray of tungsten is `21.3` pm. It takes `11.3` keV to knock out an electron from the L shell of a tungsten atom. What shoulb be the minimum accelerating voltage across an X-ray tube having trungsten target which allows production of `K_alpha` X-ray?
Answer» `E_(K)-E_(L)=(hc)/lambda_(K_(alpha))` `lambda_(K_(alpha))=21.3 pm=0.0213 nm` `E(eV)=1242/(lambda(nm))=1242/0.0213=58.3 ke V` `E_(K)-E_(L)=E` `E_(K)-11.3=58.3` `E_(K)=69.6 ke V` Acceleration potential `=69.6 kV`

Discussion

42.	What potential difference should be applied across an X-ray tube to get X-ray of wavelength not less than 0.10 nm? What is the maximum energy of a photon of this X-ray in joule?
Answer» Correct Answer - `[12.431 kV,1.99 xx10^(-15) J]`

Discussion

43.	The energy of a silver atom with a vacancy in K shell is 25.31 keV, in L shell is 3.56 keV and in M shell is 0.530 keV higher than the energy of the atom with no vacancy. Find the frequency of `K_alpha`, `K_beta` and `L_alpha` X-rays of silver.
Answer» `E_(K)=25.31 keV, E_(L)=3.56 keV, E_(m)=0.53 keV` `E_(K)-E_(L)=(hc)/lambda_(K_(alpha))=hv_(K_(alpha))` `(25.31-3.56)xx10^(3)xx1.6xx10^(-19)=6.6xx10^(-34)v_(K_(alpha))` `v_(K_(alpha))=(25.31-3.56)xx(1.6xx10^(-16))/(6.6xx10^(-34))` `=21.75xx0.24xx10^(18)` `=5.3xx10^(18) Hz` `E_(K)-E_(M)=h v_(K_(beta))` `v_(K_(beta))=(25.31-0.53)xx0.24xx10^(18)` `=5.9xx10^(18) Hz` `E_(L)-E_(M)=hv_(K_(alpha))` `v_(K_(alpha))=(3.56-0.53)xx0.24xx10^(18)` `=0.72xx10^(18) Hz`

Discussion

44.	The intensity of X-rays form a Coolidge tube is plotted against wavelength `lambda` as shown in the figure. The minimum wavelength found is `lambda_c` and the wavelength of the `K_(alpha)` line is `lambda_k`. As the accelerating voltage is increased (a) `lambda_k - lambda_c` increases (b) `lambda_k - lambda_c` decreases (c ) `lambda_k` increases (d) `lambda_k` decreasesA. `(lambda_(k)-lambda_(c))` increasesB. `(lambda_(k)-lambda_(c))` decreasesC. `lambda_(k)` increasesD. `lambda_(k)` decreases
Answer» Correct Answer - A As accelerating voltage is increased `lambda_(c)` decreases, `lambda_(k)` remains same, `(lambda_(k)-lambda_(c))` increases

Discussion

45.	For the structural analysis of crystals, X-rays are used becauseA. X-rays are have wavelength of the order of interatomic spacingB. X-rays are highly penetrating radiationsC. Wavelength of X-rays is of the order of nuclear sizeD. X-rays are coherent radiation
Answer» Correct Answer - A

Discussion

46.	If the potential difference applied across a Coolidge tube is increased , thenA. the wavelength of the `K_(alpha)` line will increaseB. the wavelength of the `K_(beta)` line will decreaseC. the difference in wavelength between the `K_(alpha)` and `K_(beta)` lines will decreaseD. none of the above
Answer» Correct Answer - D

Discussion

47.	The binding energy of the innermost electron in tungsten is `40 keV`. To produce characteristic `X` - rays using a tungsten target in an `X` - rays tube the potential difference `V` between the cathode and the anti - cathode should beA. `V lt 40 kV`B. `V le 40 kV`C. `V gt 40 kV`D. `V gt // lt 40 kV`
Answer» Correct Answer - C

Discussion

48.	Characteristic X-rays are produced due toA. transfer of momentum in collision of electrons with target atomsB. transition of electrons from higher to lower electronic orbits in an atomC. heating of the targetD. transfer of energy in collision of electrons with atoms in the target
Answer» Correct Answer - B

Discussion

49.	X- rays are produced in an X- rays tube operating at a given accelerating voltage . The wavelength of the continuous X- rays has values fromA. 0 to `oo`B. `lambda_(min) to oo` where `lambda_(min) gt 0`C. 0 to `lambda_(max)` where `lambda_(max) gt oo`D. `lambda_(min)` to `lambda_(max)` where `0 lt lambda_(min) lt oo`
Answer» Correct Answer - B

Discussion

50.	Electrons with energy `80 keV` are incident on the tungsten target of an X - rays tube , k- shell electrons of tungsten have `72.5 keV` energy X- rays emitted by the tube contain onlyA. a continous X-ray spectrum (Bremsstrahlung) with a minimum wavelength of `~0.155 Å`B. a continous X-ray spectrum (Bremsstrahlung) with all wavelengthsC. the characteristic X-ray spectrum of tungstenD. a continous X-ray spectrum (Bremsstrahlung) with a minimum wavelength of `~0.155 Å` and the characteristic X-ray spectrum of tungsten
Answer» Correct Answer - D `lambda_(min)=1242/(80xx10^(3))=15.5xx10^(-3) nm=0.155 Å` Since `80gt72.5`, K-shell electron is knocked out, hence characteristic spectrum

Discussion

Explore topic-wise InterviewSolutions in .

If the current in the circuit for heating the filament is increased, the cutoff wavelength(a) will increase (b) will decrease(c) will remain unchanged (d) will change.

The distance between the cathode (filament) and the target in an X-ray tube is 1.5 m. If the cutoff wavelength is 30 pm, find the electric field between the cathode and the target.

If the potential difference applied to the tube is doubled and the separation between the filament and the target is also doubled. the cutoff wavelength(a) will remain unchanged (b) will be doubled(c) will be halved(d) will become four times the original.

Consider a photon of continuous X-ray coming from a Coolidge tube. Its energy comes from(a) the kinetic energy of the striking electron(b) the kinetic energy of the free electrons of the target(c) the kinetic energy of the ions of the target(d) an atomic transition in the target.

Frequencies of Ka X-rays of different materials are measured. Which one of the graphs in figure (44-Q1) may represent the relation between the frequency v and the atomic number Z.

The X-ray beam coming from an X-ray tube(a) is monochromatic(b) has all wavelengths smaller than a certain maximum wavelength(c) has all wavelengths greater than a certain minimum wavelength(d) has all wavelengths lying between a minimum and a maximum wavelength.

Consider a photon of continuous X-ray coming from a Coolidge tube. Its energy comes fromA. the K.E. of the striking electronB. the K.E. of the free electrons of the targetC. the K.E. of the ions of the targetD. an atomic transition in the target

The energy of a photon of characteristic X-ray from a Coolidge tube comes from(a) the kinetic energy of the striking electron(b) the kinetic energy of the free electrons of the target(c) the kinetic energy of the ions^of the target(d) an atomic transition in the target.

The X-ray beam coming from an X-ray tubeA. is monochromaticB. has all wavelengths smaller than a cartain maximum wavelengthC. has all wavelengths greater than a cartain maximum wavelengthD. has all wavelength lying between a minimum and a maximum wavelength

The potential difference applied to an X-ray tube is increased. As a result, in the emitted radiation,A. (i),(ii)B. (ii),(iii)C. (iii),(iv)D. (i),(iv)

The `K_beta` X-ray of argon has a wavelength of 0.36 nm. The minimum energy needed to ionize an argon atom is 16 eV. Find the energy needed to knock out an electron from the K shell of an argon atom.

Consider a photon of continuous X-ray and a photon of characteristic X-ray of the same wavelength. Which of the following i^are different for the two photons? (a) frequency (b) energy(c) penetrating power (d) method of creation.

X-ray incident on a material(a) exerts a force on it (b) transfers energy to it (c) transfers momentum to it(d) transfers impulse to it.

Find the energy, the frequency and the momentum of an X-ray photon of wavelength 0.10 nm.

When an electron strikes the target in a Coolidge tube, its entire kinetic energyA. (i),(ii)B. (ii),(iii)C. (iii),(iv)D. (ii),(iv)

X-ray incident on a material (i) exerts a force on it (ii) transfers energy to it (iii) transfers momentum to it (iv) transfer impulse to itA. (i),(ii),(iii)B. (ii),(iii),(iv)C. (i),(iii),(iv)D. all

When an electron strikes the target in a Coolidge tube, its entire kinetic energy(a) is converted into a photon(b) may be converted into a photon(c) is converted into heat(d) may be converted into heat.

For a given material, the energy and wavelength of characterstic X-rays satisfy(a) E(Kα) &gt; E(Kβ) &gt; E(kγ ) (b) E(Mα &gt; E(Lα) &gt; E(Kα)(c) λ(Kα) &gt; λ(Kβ) &gt; λ(Kγ) (d) λ(Mα) &gt; λ(Lα &gt; λ(Kα).

The potential difference applied to an X-ray tube is increased. As a result, in the emitted radiation,(a) the intensity increases(b) the minimum wavelength increases(c) the intensity remains unchanged(d) the minimum wavelength decreases.

Find the maximum potential difference which may be applied across an X-ray tube with tungsten target without emitting any characteristics K or L X-ray. The energy levels of the tungsten atom with an electron knocked out are as follows. Cell containing vacancy K L MEnergy in keV 69.5 11.3 2.3

If the current in the circuit for heating the filament is increased, the cutoff wavelengthA. will increaseB. will decreaseC. sameD. none

One of the following wavelengths is absent and the rest are present in the X-rays coming from a Coolidge tube. Which one is the absent wavelength?(a) 25pm (b) 50pm (c) 75pm (d) 100pm.

Moseley's law for characteristic X-rays is √v = a(Z - b). In this,(a) both a and b are independent of the material(b) a is independent but b depends on the material(c) b is independent but a depends on the material(d) both a and b depend on the material.

Frequencies of `K_alpha` X-rays of different materials are measured. Which one of the graphs in figure (44-Q1) may represent the relation between the frequency v and the atomic number Z. A. aB. bC. cD. d

The `Ka` X-ray of molybdenum has wavelength 71 pm. If the energy of a molybdenum atom with a K electron knocked out is 23:32 keV, what will be the energy of this atom when an L electron is knocked out?

X-ray beam can be deflected(a) by an electric field (b) by a magnetic field(c) by an electric field as well as by a magnetic field(d) neither by an electric field nor by a magnetic field.

Visible light passing through a circular hole forms a diffraction disc of radius 0.1mm on a screen. If X-ray is passed through the same set-up, the radius of the diffraction disc will be(a) zero (b) &lt;0.1mm (c) 0.1mm (d) &gt;0.1mm.

An electron with kinetic energy 5eV is incident on a hydrogen atom in its ground state. The collision(a) must be elastic (b) may be partially elastic(c) must be completely inelastic(d) may be completely inelastic.

For harder X-rays,(a) the wavelength is higher(b) the intensity is higher(c) the frequency is higher(d) the photon energy is higher.

Which of the following is accompanied by the characteristic `X` - ray emission ?A. `alpha`-particle emissionB. electron emissionC. positron emissionD. K-electron capture

For harder X-rays, (i) the wavelength is higher (ii) the intensity is higher (iii) the frequency is higher (iv) the photon energy is higherA. (i),(ii)B. (ii),(iii)C. (iii),(iv)D. (i),(iv)

Consider a photon of continuous X-ray and a photon of characteristic X-ray of the same wavelength. Which of the following is/are different for the two photons?A. frequencyB. energyC. penetrating powerD. method of creation

A certain element emits `K_alpha` X-ray of energy 3.69 keV. Use the data from the previous problem to identify the element.

The wavelength of `K_alpha` X-ray of tungsten is `21.3` pm. It takes `11.3` keV to knock out an electron from the L shell of a tungsten atom. What shoulb be the minimum accelerating voltage across an X-ray tube having trungsten target which allows production of `K_alpha` X-ray?

What potential difference should be applied across an X-ray tube to get X-ray of wavelength not less than 0.10 nm? What is the maximum energy of a photon of this X-ray in joule?

The energy of a silver atom with a vacancy in K shell is 25.31 keV, in L shell is 3.56 keV and in M shell is 0.530 keV higher than the energy of the atom with no vacancy. Find the frequency of `K_alpha`, `K_beta` and `L_alpha` X-rays of silver.

For the structural analysis of crystals, X-rays are used becauseA. X-rays are have wavelength of the order of interatomic spacingB. X-rays are highly penetrating radiationsC. Wavelength of X-rays is of the order of nuclear sizeD. X-rays are coherent radiation

If the potential difference applied across a Coolidge tube is increased , thenA. the wavelength of the `K_(alpha)` line will increaseB. the wavelength of the `K_(beta)` line will decreaseC. the difference in wavelength between the `K_(alpha)` and `K_(beta)` lines will decreaseD. none of the above

Characteristic X-rays are produced due toA. transfer of momentum in collision of electrons with target atomsB. transition of electrons from higher to lower electronic orbits in an atomC. heating of the targetD. transfer of energy in collision of electrons with atoms in the target

For a given material, the energy and wavelength of characterstic X-rays satisfy(a) E(Kα) > E(Kβ) > E(kγ ) (b) E(Mα > E(Lα) > E(Kα)(c) λ(Kα) > λ(Kβ) > λ(Kγ) (d) λ(Mα) > λ(Lα > λ(Kα).

Visible light passing through a circular hole forms a diffraction disc of radius 0.1mm on a screen. If X-ray is passed through the same set-up, the radius of the diffraction disc will be(a) zero (b) <0.1mm (c) 0.1mm (d) >0.1mm.