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1. The top-level elements don't have any effect on the behaviour of XSLT elements.
2. The functions that are defined with it also don't have any AFFECT in the document.
3. The top-level elements are not PERMITTED to be used by SPECIFYING the xsl:apply templates.
4. XSLT process is provided to ignore the top-level elements and ignore some of it if an error occurs.
5. XSLT top-element element doesn't recognize the NAMESPACE URI and can be provided USING other sources.

Nodes that has no parent node or CHILD node are CALLED as Atomic values.

For example:

<book>
<title>Parallel Algorithm</title>
<AUTHOR>Rashmi Sharma</author>
<year>2008</year>
<price>150.00</price>
</book>

Nodes that has no parent node or child node are called as Atomic values.

For example:

<book>
<title>Parallel Algorithm</title>
<author>Rashmi Sharma</author>
<year>2008</year>
<price>150.00</price>
</book>

XPath axes are used to set relation of current node with another node.

A list of XPath axes to set relation with other NODES are:

ancestor: It is used to GET all ancestor (parent, grandparent etc) of current node.

ancestor-or-self: It is used to get all ANCESTORS (parent, grandparent, etc.) of the current node and ALSO the current node.

ATTRIBUTE: It is used to get all attributes of the current node.

child : It is used to retrieve all children of the current node.

descendant: It is used to get all descendants (children, grandchildren, etc.) of the current node.

namespace: It is used to get all namespace nodes of the current node.

preceding: It is used to get everything in the document that is comes before the start tag of the current node.

XPath axes are used to set relation of current node with another node.

A list of XPath axes to set relation with other nodes are:

ancestor: It is used to get all ancestor (parent, grandparent etc) of current node.

ancestor-or-self: It is used to get all ancestors (parent, grandparent, etc.) of the current node and also the current node.

attribute: It is used to get all attributes of the current node.

child : It is used to retrieve all children of the current node.

descendant: It is used to get all descendants (children, grandchildren, etc.) of the current node.

namespace: It is used to get all namespace nodes of the current node.

preceding: It is used to get everything in the document that is comes before the start tag of the current node.

XPATH has more than 101 build-in functions. These built-in functions are USED in Boolean values, string values, numeric values, date and TIME comparison, SEQUENCE MANIPULATION etc.

XPath has more than 101 build-in functions. These built-in functions are used in Boolean values, string values, numeric values, date and time comparison, sequence manipulation etc.

There are following types of nodes in XPath. These nodes are related to each other to form a TREE like STRUCTURE.

These nodes are:

• Parents
• Children
• SIBLINGS
• Ancestors
• Descendents

For example:

<book&GT;
<TITLE>Parallel Algorithm</title>
<author>Rashmi Sharma</author>
<year>2008</year>
<price>150.00</price>
</book>

There are following types of nodes in XPath. These nodes are related to each other to form a tree like structure.

These nodes are:

For example:

<book>
<title>Parallel Algorithm</title>
<author>Rashmi Sharma</author>
<year>2008</year>
<price>150.00</price>
</book>

The XPATH STRING functions SPECIFY some rules which are used to get strings according to your PREFERENCES.

The XPath string functions specify some rules which are used to get strings according to your preferences.

In XPath, number functions are USED to FETCH the different type of values from the expressions. For EXAMPLE, ceiling value, floor value ETC.

There are FOUR types of number functions in XPath:

• ceiling()
• floor()
• round()
• sum()

In XPath, number functions are used to fetch the different type of values from the expressions. For example, ceiling value, floor value etc.

There are four types of number functions in XPath:

The XPATH number operators are used to do MATHEMATICAL operations on DIFFERENT keywords.

There are five number operators in XPath:

1. +
2. -
3. *
4. div
5. MOD

The XPath number operators are used to do mathematical operations on different keywords.

There are five number operators in XPath:

BOOLEAN OPERATORS are SIMPLE words AND, OR, NOT ETC. used to COMBINE or exclude keywords. They connect your search words together to either concise or expand your set of results.

Boolean operators are simple words AND, OR, NOT etc. used to combine or exclude keywords. They connect your search words together to either concise or expand your set of results.

XPath comparison OPERATOR is USED to compare ONE VALUE to another.

There are different TYPE of comparison operators:

• =
• !=
• <
• >
• <=
• >=

XPath comparison operator is used to compare one value to another.

There are different type of comparison operators:

XPath operators can be categorized in DIFFERENT category according to their property.

Following are the different types of XPath operators:

• Comparison Operators
• BOOLEAN Operators
• Number FUNCTIONS/Operators
• String Functions
• NODE Functions/Operators

XPath operators can be categorized in different category according to their property.

Following are the different types of XPath operators:

XPath DEFINES OPERATORS and functions on NODES. An XPath expression returns EITHER a node-set, a string, a Boolean, or a number.

XPath defines operators and functions on nodes. An XPath expression returns either a node-set, a string, a Boolean, or a number.

XPath axes are USED to identify elements by their relationship LIKE PARENT, child, sibling, etc. in the same manner like path defines the location of the NODE.

XPath axes are used to identify elements by their relationship like parent, child, sibling, etc. in the same manner like path defines the location of the node.

A PATH is KNOWN as relative path if it is started with the NODE that we've SELECTED.

A path is known as relative path if it is started with the node that we've selected.

An ABSOLUTE path starts with root NODE or with '/'.

For Example:

/company/employee- It will select employee nodes WITHIN CLASS root node.

An absolute path starts with root node or with '/'.

For Example:

/company/employee- It will select employee nodes within class root node.

There are two TYPES of LOCATION paths used to SPECIFY the location of NODE in XML DOCUMENTS. These paths are absolute or relative path.

There are two types of location paths used to specify the location of node in XML documents. These paths are absolute or relative path.

The XPath syntax SPECIFIES the different nodes, path expressions, path NOTATION, predicates and URLS which are used to DEFINE the XML DOCUMENT.

The XPath syntax specifies the different nodes, path expressions, path notation, predicates and URLs which are used to define the XML document.

There are seven KINDS of nodes in XPath:

• Element
• Attribute
• TEXT
• Namespace
• Processing-instruction
• COMMENT
• DOCUMENT nodes

There are seven kinds of nodes in XPath:

A NODE is an XML DOCUMENT which is SPECIFIED in the tree STRUCTURE.

A node is an XML document which is specified in the tree structure.

XPATH defines a PATTERN or path expression to select NODES or node sets in an XML DOCUMENT. These patterns are used by XSLT to perform transformations. XPath specifies seven types of nodes that can be output of the execution of the XPath expression.

• Root
• Element
• Text
• ATTRIBUTE
• Comment
• Processing Instruction
• Namespace

XPath defines a pattern or path expression to select nodes or node sets in an XML document. These patterns are used by XSLT to perform transformations. XPath specifies seven types of nodes that can be output of the execution of the XPath expression.

• XPath is a major element in the XSLT standard.
• It is syntax for defining PARTS of an XML document.
• XPATH STANDS for XML Path Language.
• It is used for navigating in XML documents.
• It can be used to query data from XML documents.
• It uses path expressions to navigate in XML documents.
• XPATH expressions are CASE SENSITIVE.