(a) What are hydrocarbons? Give examples. (b) Give the structural differences between saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons with two examples each. (c ) What is functional group? Give examples of four different functional groups.

(a) What are hydrocarbons? Give examples. (b) Give the structural diff

1.	(a) What are hydrocarbons? Give examples. (b) Give the structural differences between saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons with two examples each. (c ) What is functional group? Give examples of four different functional groups.
Answer» Solution :(a) Compounds of carbon and hydrogen are called hydrocarbons. For example, methane, ethane, etc. (b) Saturated hydrocarbons contain carbon-carbon single bonds. Unsaturated hydrocarbons contain at least one carbon-carbon double or triple bond. `underset("Saturated hydrocarbons")(underset("Methane")(H-underset(H)underset(\|)overset(H)overset(\|)C-H)""underset("Ethane")(H-underset(H)underset(\|)overset(H)overset(\|)C-underset(H)underset(\|)overset(H)overset(\|)C-H))""underset("Unsaturated hydrocarbons")(underset("Ethene")({:(H),("\"),("/"),(H):}C=C{:(" H"),("/"),("\"),(" H"):})"" underset("Ethyne")(H-C-=C-H))` (c ) An atom/group of atoms joined in a specific MANNER which is responsible for the CHARACTERISTIC chemical properties of the organic compounds is called a functional group. Examples are hydroxyl gropo (-OH), aldehyde group (-CHO), ketonic group `(underset("/")overset("\")(" "C)=O)`, carboxylic group (-COOH), etc.