derive an expression for interaction energy in case of J-J coupling

1.	derive an expression for interaction energy in case of J-J coupling
Answer» In light atoms, the interactions between the orbital angular momenta of individual electrons is stronger than the spin-orbit coupling between the spin and orbital angular momenta. These cases are described by "L-S coupling". However, for heavier elements with larger nuclear charge, thespin-orbit interactionsbecome as strong as the interactions between individual spins or orbital angular momenta. In those cases the spin and orbital angular momenta of individual electrons tend to couple to form individual electron angular momenta. the valence electrons J vale ues is 1/2,3/2 and3/2,5/2….j=l+s, then sum values o,1,2,3,4,

Answer»

In light atoms, the interactions between the orbital angular momenta of individual electrons is stronger than the spin-orbit coupling between the spin and orbital angular momenta. These cases are described by "L-S coupling". However, for heavier elements with larger nuclear charge, thespin-orbit interactionsbecome as strong as the interactions between individual spins or orbital angular momenta. In those cases the spin and orbital angular momenta of individual electrons tend to couple to form individual electron angular momenta.

the valence electrons J vale

ues is 1/2,3/2 and3/2,5/2….j=l+s, then sum values o,1,2,3,4,

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