Describe the addition reaction of carbon compounds with its application. State the functions of catalyst in this reaction. How this reaction is different from a substitution reaction? Explain with example.

Describe the addition reaction of carbon compounds with its applicatio

1.	Describe the addition reaction of carbon compounds with its application. State the functions of catalyst in this reaction. How this reaction is different from a substitution reaction? Explain with example.
Answer» Solution :The ADDITION of hydrogen to an unsaturated molecule to make it saturated is known as hydrogenation or addition reaction. Example: Ethene undergoes addition reaction to form ethane. `underset("(Unsaturated)")underset("Ethane")(CH_2 = CH_2 + H_2) underset(N i)overset(200^@C)(rarr) underset("(Saturated"))underset("Ethane")(CH_3 - CH_3)` This reaction is applied to convert unsaturated vegetable oil into saturated ghee. `underset(("unsaturated"))("Vegetable oil") underset("200^@C)overset(H_2//N i)(rarr) underset(("Saturated"))("Ghee") "[Hydrogenation"]` The rate of reaction is increased in the presence of catalyst Ni or PT. This is addition reaction. In substitution reaction, reagent substitutes on atoms or a GROUP of atoms from the reactant instead of addition. Eg. `CH_4 + Cl_2 underset("Sunlight")(rarr) underset("Chloromethane")(CH_3Cl) + HCl`