A logical schema is a conceptual model of the data. In relational databases, it's often PLATFORM-agnostic - i.e. the logical schema can, in principle, be implemented on any SQL database. The logical schema is primarily concerned with understanding the business entities, their ATTRIBUTES and their relationships.

The logical schema is often captured as an entity-relationship diagram (ERD), using TOOLS like ErWin or ERStudio.

The physical schema converts the logical schema into an implementation that works on a particular database platform. Sometimes, this is a largely mechanical exercise, applying the right datatypes to the attributes, but it can also involve performance optimizations such as denormalization, platform-specific features such as triggers, and sizing/performance decisions like physical disk distribution.

Many ERD tools can "automagically" convert a logical design into a physical schema.

The physical schema is CONVERTED into an actual database using DDL SQL statements.

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