Discuss how the changes in forest management in the colonial period affected the following groups of people

Discuss how the changes in forest management in the colonial period af

1.	Discuss how the changes in forest management in the colonial period affected the following groups of people
Answer» Solution : (i) Shifting Cultivators - Shifting cultivation was banned by the new FOREST laws. It created aproblem of survival for the shifting cultivators. Due to this many migrated to take up someother occupation whereas others were forced to WORK on plantation. (ii) Nomadic and pastoralist communities – New forest laws banned grazing of animals. Itmade the life of the pastoralist communities difficult and the only source of their livelihood was herds of animals. The nomadic communities were declared as criminal communities,which made their life more miserable as they were no longer allowed to move FREELY. (iii) Firms trading in timber/forest produce – As Timber was in huge demand, it was a boonfor the timber merchant. There was growth in their income. (iv) Plantation owners – LAND was given to the plantation owners at a cheaper rate and labourwas made available to them on cheaper wages. New laws were created which restricted theworkers to go BACK to their home villages. (v) Kings/British officials engaged in Shikar (hunting) - Killing of dangerous animals like thetiger and wolves was monetarily rewarded. Besides hunting was also viewed as a sign ofbravery.