Here is your answer:-a) 4b) 2c) 3d) 1Explanation:a) The abacus, also called a counting frame, is a calculating tool that was in use in the ancient Near East, Europe, China, and RUSSIA, centuries before the adoption of the written Hindu–Arabic numeral system. b) Pascal's calculator is a mechanical calculator invented by Blaise Pascal in the early 17th century. Pascal was led to develop a calculator by the laborious arithmetical calculations required by his father's work as the supervisor of taxes in Rouen.c) The Jacquard Loom is controlled by a chain of multiple CARDS punched with holes that DETERMINE which cords of the fabric warp should be raised for each PASS of the shuttle. d) The IBM AUTOMATIC Sequence Controlled Calculator, called Mark I by Harvard University’s staff, was a general purpose electromechanical computer that was used in the war effort during the last part of World War II. One of the first programs to run on the Mark I was initiated on 29 March 1944 by John von Neumann. I hope it helps.Thank you.