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Answer» The kernel is a component of an operating system that manages computer and hardware functions. It primarily oversees memory and CPU functions. It's a crucial part of any operating system. Kernel serves as a link between applications and hardware-based data processing via inter-process communication and system calls. When an operating system is loaded, the kernel is loaded initially and remains in memory until the operating system is SHUT down. It's in charge of things like disk management, task management, and memory management.
It determines which processes should be assigned to the CPU and which should be kept in the main memory for execution. It serves as a link between user software and hardware. The kernel's primary GOAL is to manage communication between software, such as user-level applications, and hardware, such as the CPU and disc memory. The following are the different types of the kernel in Operating Systems: - Monolithic Kernel - A monolithic kernel is one in which all operating system services run in kernel space. There are interdependencies between the components of the system. It has a large number of lines of code that is difficult to understand.
- MicroKernel - This is a sort of kernel that takes a minimalist approach. It has thread scheduling and virtual memory. With fewer services in kernel space, it is more stable.
- Hybrid Kernel - This is a hybrid kernel that combines both monolithic and microkernel functionality. It combines the monolithic kernel's performance and DESIGN with the modularity and stability of a microkernel.
- Exo Kernel - Exo Kernel is a form of the kernel that adheres to the end-to-end philosophy. It uses the fewest possible hardware abstractions. It assigns physical resources to different applications.
- Nano Kernel - This is a kernel that provides hardware abstraction but does not PROVIDE system services. Because the MicroKernel lacks system services, the Microkernel and Nano Kernel have become interchangeable.
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