What is a homologous series ? Explain with an example.(b) Define the following terms giving one example of each.(i) Esterification (ii) Addition reaction

What is a homologous series ? Explain with an example.(b) Define the f

1.	What is a homologous series ? Explain with an example.(b) Define the following terms giving one example of each.(i) Esterification (ii) Addition reaction
Answer» Solution :A series of compounds in which the same functional group substitutes for hydrogen in a carbon chain is called HOMOLOGOUS series. Two successive members of a homologous series differ by - `CH_2` group. For example, `CH_3OH` and `CH_3CH_2OH.` (b) (i) Esterification Conversion of a carboxylic compound to an ester by the TREATMENT with an alcohol is called esterification. For example, `underset("Ethanoic acid")(CH_3COOH) + underset("ETHANOL")(CH_3CH_2OH)overset(Acid) rarr CH_3 -overset(O)overset(\|\|)(C)- underset("Ester")(CH_2) - CH_3 + H_2O` (ii) Addition reaction Unsaturated hydrocarbons ADD hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst such as palladium or nickel to give a saturated hydrocarbons. This reaction is called addition Example : Similarly, halogens and hydrogen halides can also be ADDED.