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• The amount of water vapour present in the atmosphere is called humidity. 
• Relative humidity is the ratio between the maximum water vapour that the air can hold at a given temperature and pressure and the actual amount of water vapour it holds at any given time. 
• For example, at 20°C temperature air can contain 80 gms of water vapour per cubic meter. 
• If the actual water vapour present is 40 gms, the relative humidity is 50%. If the atmosphere has 100% relative humidity, it is known as saturation level. 
• Relative humidity decreases with increase of temperature and decrease of water vapour, 
• In high humidity, our sweat doesn’t cool us because it cannot evaporate. 
• In low humidity we feel more thirsty.

Answer is (D) Portugal

The upward flow of air that has been heated by contact with the Earth’s surface. As it warms, it expands and rises. Cold air takes its place at the surface, and is in turn healed and caused to rise. 

The transfer of heat through the movement of amass of substances from one place to another is called convection.

A device to measure air pressure that uses an aneroid, which is a sealed, flexible metal bellow with some air removed that expands and contracts with air pressure changes.

A unit of pressure used by meteorologists when preparing their weather charts: 1,000 millibars= labor 29.53inches (750mm) as indicated on a barometer.

It is an instrument used to measure the atmospheric temperature. Two types of thermometers are a. Centigrade thermometer and b. Fahrenheit thermometer.

Mercury Barometer and Aneroid barometer.

Lines drawn on a map joining regions of equal air pressure are called isobars.

(C) Mesosphere

Answer is (B) Mistral

The important types of clouds are the Stratus, the Cumulus, the Cirrus and the Nimbus clouds.

Tropical cyclones that originate in the China Sea are known as typhoons. These winds are also very violent and destructive. 

The local winds blow due to local variation in the temperature of the area. 

These winds are of two types. They are : 

1. Hot local winds 

2. Cold local winds. 

1. Hot local winds : 

Hot local winds raise the temperature of the area.

2. Cold local winds : 

Cold local winds sometimes bring the temperature of the local area below the freezing points. 

Ex : Mistral, Puna, Pampero, etc.

Periodic winds are the result of variation in local temperature, pressure, humidity which in turn are attributed to the formation of air currents, crossing mountain ranges, valleys and other relief barriers. 

Eg:- Mountain breeze, Sea breeze, Valley breeze.

If air moves in a slow pace, it is called breeze

The regular pattern of planetary and seasonal winds is affected with the local disturbances. Local differences in temperature and pressure leads to the development of movement of winds are called ‘Local winds’.

Foehn wing helps in ripening grapes in Europe

Answer is (B) Loo

Tropical cyclones more dangerous because they cause heavy rainfall with high velocity winds.

The winds which blow from high pressure belts to the low pressure belts in the same direction throughout the year are called planetary winds. 

The horizontal movement of air over the earth’s surface is called wind. 

Tropical cyclones in the Gulf of Mexico, the Caribbean sea and western pacific ocean are known as Hurricanes. To qualify as a hurricane, a storm must produce winds over 119Km/hr. It causes severe damages to life and property.

Planetary winds and Periodic winds

U.S.A  is Hurricanes exists,

A continuous heat-recording thermometer is called Thermograph.

The difference between the highest and lowest amount of temperature in the particular duration is known as ‘range of temperature.’ 

The Greek ‘Pros’ means Mountain

(B) Angel Falls

The lines drawn on maps joining places having the same air temperature are called Isotherms.

The small proportion of solar radiation which reaches the earth is called insolation.

Libya (Aziziya) is a part of Sahara desert records highest temperature in the world.

Verkhoyansk in N. E. Siberia

It s the process by which a body emits radiant energy. Energy received from the sun in the form of heat.

Troposphere is called ‘Weather manufacturer’.

Mesosphere extends to a height of 80km from the surface of the Earth. It is the coldest layer of the atmosphere.

Temperature is also transferred by large scale movement of air. When warm air moves to cold regions temperature of the air increases and is contrast cold air reduces heat. This phenomenon is called advection.

An instrument widely used for measuring wind direction is called ‘wind vane’ or ‘weather cock’.

A) It is situated in rain shadow region

(A) Seasonal winds

A) Atmosphere has a specific shape

Stratosphere contains ozone layer.

B) Increased incidence of skin cancer

D) The ozone layer that presents in it absorbs the ultraviolet rays of the sun.

Stratosphere layer extends up to a height of 50 kms.

Trade winds are called Tropical Easterlies.

The winds blowing from the sub-tropical high pressure belts towards the sub-polar low pressure belts are called Westerlies.

Energy stored when water evaporates into vapour or ice melts into liquid. It is released as heat when water vapour condenses or water freezes.

The winds blow in the opposite direction of the trade winds and were known as “Anti trade winds”.

• Altitude refers to the height above sea level. 
• The temperature decreases at the rate of 1°C far every 165 mts of height. This is called “Normal Lapse rate”.