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Movement of birds for nestling from one region to another region is called migration.

Krishna Sanctuary, Krishna & Guntur.

Correct option is (c) water is highly polluted

Correct option is (c) Ganga from Haridwar to Kolkata

1. Microorganisms involved in biodegradation of organic matter in water body consume lot of dissolved oxygen. 

2. Due to this consumption there is sharp decline in oxygen level of water which leads to mortality of fish and other aquatic creatures. Therefore, other aquatic creatures find it difficult to survive.

(d) it increases competition fishes for dissolved oxygen

Biodiversity is defined as the totality of genes, species and ecosystems of a given region, It is the variety and variability of life form (all animals, plants and microbes on earth) and the ecological complexes in which they occur. The term was first coined by Walter G. Rosen(1985), however the term was popularized by the American sociobiologist Edward Wilson(1988).

Correct option is (b) Open burning dumps

Frugivorous means fruit eating organisms

The Red data book is a compilation of data on species threatened with extinction, maintained by IUCN.

Total genes and their alleles in a population is called gene pool.

International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources.

Long times and ever existing and continuing organic evolution along with heterogeneity is the major source/cause of biodiversity. 

Tropical rain forests and coral reef are the habitats which have maximum diversity.

A sanctuary is a place where conservation of wild life mostly birds takes place.

Conservation of wild life along with environment is seen in National Parks.

Recycling sewage water by RO System helps to solve the problem of scarcity of water and also disposal of sewage water.

Rainwater harvesting is made mandatory for new constructions by Municipal Corporation.

Types of biodiversity described by Edward Wilson: 

(i) Genetic diversity: A single species might show high diversity at the genetic level over its distributional range. 

• Medicinal plant Rauwolfia vomitoria of Himalayan range produces active chemical reserpine shows genetic variation. 
• India has more than 50000 different strain of rice. 
• 1000 varieties of mango. 

(ii) Species diversity: different species of a single animal like frog. 

(iii) Ecological diversity: diversity in the ecosystem level like desert, rain forest, mangroves, coral reef, wetlands, estuaries etc.

Botanical Gardens are established to conserve naturally extinct and endangered plant species. There are 1600 botanical gardens in the world. These are established for seed bank and conservation of plant species. Professor J. C. Bose Botanical Garden is in West Bengal which is about 269 acre land area.

The answer is (A) Wings

Correct option is (c) Sulphur dioxide

Correct option is (b) Food supply, Water, Health, Infrastructure.

The answer is (B) Halophytes

The answer is (A) Opuntia

In lichens, the plant body has alga and fungus, living together and deriving benefit from one another. The fungus provides shelter to alga and also maintain the humidity inside the lichen body, necessary for the alga to undergo photosynthesis process properly. In return, the alga provides the food material, prepared during photosynthesis to the fungus. This association, in which the interacting plants.

Monocots: The seeds of these plants bear only one cotyledon. Their leaves have parallel venation. Roots are a fibrous and similar shape. Flowers bear three petals or multiple of three trimerous. Vascular bundles are closed and scattered, i.e., cambium is not found in closed bundles and hence, no secondary growth. 

For example: Maize, Rice, sugarcane, Wheat, Onion, Coconut, Grasses and banana. 

Dicots: The seeds of these plants bear two cotyledons. Venation in the leaves is reticulate. Root system includes tap root, primary and secondary roots, etc. Vascular bundles are arranged in a ring and open type, i.e., possess cambium, which is responsible for secondary growth. Flowers have five or multiple of five petals. 

For examples: Potato, pea, sunflower, rose, neem, apple, banyan etc.

The reproductive organs in the bryophytes and the pteridophytes are hidden and are very conspicuous. External flowers or seeds are absent and they have naked embryos called spores. The plants in the three groups are, therefore, called Cryptogamae.

Fungi are heterotrophic in nutrition and obtain food from decaying organic matter. So, they are called decomposers or saprophytes. They derive their nourishment from the dead remains of plants and animals. For example, Mucor, Rhizopus etc.

The reproductive organs in pteridophytes are hidden and are very conspicuous. External flowers or seeds are absent and they have naked embryos called spores. The plants belonging to this group are, therefore, called ‘Cryptogams’.

Xerophytes occur in those habitats where scarcity of water is found. 

They show the following characteristics: 

(i) The root system is well developed, reaches quite deep in the soil to absorb water. Root hairs are abundant. 

(ii) Mechanical tissues in the stem are well developed. Stem possess dense hairs. It is spongy and stores water. 

(iii) Leaves are spiny or scaly, to reduce transpiration. Stomata are of a sunken type. The thick cuticle is present on the epidermis. 

(iv) Succulent xerophytes have fleshy leaves and stems which store water in their water storage tissues.

The answer is (D) Halophytes

The answer is (A) Pteridophyta

The answer is (A) Xerophytes

(a) excess emissions of NO₂ and SO₂ from burning fossil fuels

Correct answer is (a) Invasive species

1. There Eire many activities of human beings which dump the wastes into water bodies. 

2. The industrial processes also cause dumping of hazardous waste into surrounding water bodies. 

3. Human activities is the only factor that causes water pollution and there are no natural causes for water pollution.

Correct answer is (b) water hyacinth

1. Water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) is native plant of amazon basin which was introduced in India for its beautiful, purple flowers. 

2. It has become an invasive species. 

3. This plant is a nuisance as it grows excessively and covers entire water body in which it is present. 

4. It grows faster than our ability to remove it, so it is commonly called ‘Terror of Bengal’.

(d) None of these

Many National and International organization are indulged in conservation of forest and forest life. Our central and state government have made many rules, laws and policies for their conservation, we should follow these rules, laws and policies and make aware others also for doing the same. Wildlife sanctuaries, National park, Zoo, Botanical parks etc., are secured places for plants and animals.

(c) Vana Mahotsava

The book published by IUWC that contains the details of Endangered and Extinct species is called Red Data Book.

(b) we have to use the resources wisely and judiciously.

The restricted distribution of the species in a small area is called biome.

IUCN has issued the list of endangered species.

Organisms whose count is decreasing below a certain limit and are at the margin of extinction are called endangered animals.

Plants and animal species that are on the verge of becoming extinct are called Endangered.

The threatened species of organisms have been placed in the following categories-critically endangered, endangered and vulnerable. The IUCN Red list also includes information on plants and animals that are categorized as extinct or extinct in the wild and on plants and animals that are close to meet the threatened thresholds as near threatened species. Plants and animals that have been evaluated to have a low risk of extinction are classified as least concern.

• Extinct species: Extinct species include those which have disappeared from the Earth. A bird called Dodo which was found in Mauritius was killed for food and has now disappeared completely; in other words it has become extinct. Some of the animals which have become extinct are two-horne4 rhinoceros of Africa, the pink-headed duck, Himalayan quail and the golden langur.
• Critically endangered species:
  They are under the highest risk of extinction as their number has decreased drastically. Examples are Andean catfish, Abes Salamander, angular pebble Snail amongst many more.
• Endangered species:
  These species are represented by fewer individuals because of unfavourable factors. These animals can become extinct soon if the unfavourable factors are not checked. Examples are Indian rhinoceros, crocodile blue whale and the great Indian bustard.
• Vulnerable species:
  These species are most likely to become endangered if their security is not taken care of. Examples are chinkara deer, black buck and blue Pheasant amongst others.
• Near threatened species:
  These species are found in small numbers and scattered all over the world. They can easily enter the vulnerable and endangered category. Examples are golden cat, monk seal, American bison, Asiatic wild ass, tiger, shark, leopard, Jaguar, Okapi amongst many more.

Migratory birds fly to far away areas every year during a particular time because of the climatic changes in that area. Some migratory birds are Siberian cranes, Arctiction, Bar headed Goose, Surkhab etc.