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551.

Question : What is fertilization? Distinguish between external fertilisation and internal fertilisation.

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SOLUTION :Fertilisation is DEFINED as the fusion of a MALE gamete (SPERM) with a female gamete (an ovum or egg) to FORM a zygote during sexual reproduction.
External fertilisation :
The fusion of male gamete (sperm) and female gamete (ovum) occur outside the body.
Both individuals discharge their gametes outside the body.
Development occurs outside the body.
Ex : frog. Internal fertilisation :
The fusion of gamates occurs inside the body
Only the male discharge sperm into female genital tract.
Development occurs inside the body. Ex: Humans, cattle etc.
Discussion
552.

Question : What is fission? Explain different types of fission.

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Solution :Unicellular organism divides to FORM new individuals. The PROCESS of cell division is called fission.
Fission is the simplest method of asexual reproduction in unicellular organisms like protozoa and bacteria. Many different patterns of fission have been observed.
Types of fission: (1) BINARY fission (2) Multiple fission.
( 1) Binary fission : Many bacteria and protozoa simply split into two equal halves during cell division.
Amoeba, the splitting of the two cells during division can take place in any plane.

Some unicellular organisms have different body organisation. e.g., Leishmania (causative AGENT of Kalaazar), which has a whip-like structure at one end of the cell. In Leishmania binary fission occurs in a definite longitudinal orientation in RELATION to these structures.

(2) Multiple Plasmodium divides into many daughter cells simultaneously called multiple fission.
Discussion
553.

Question : Give examples and explain what is meant by external fertilisation.

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SOLUTION :If FERTILISATION occurs OUTSIDE the BODY of the organism, it is known as external fertilisation. EG: frog and fish.
Discussion
554.

Question : What is evolution? Explain the three evidences for evolution.

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Solution :Phenomenon of gradual change of organisms from SIMPLE form into complex form in a long period is called evolution.
Three EVIDENCES are:
i] Homologous organs:
The organs which have same BASIC structures but modified to perform different FUNCTIONS are called homologous organs.
Provide the information that organisms of different species might be evolved from common ancestor. 
ii] Analogous organs:
The organs which have different basic structures but they perform similar function are called analogous organs. Provide the information that though the organs of different organisms perform same function, they may not have same function but they may not be evolved from common ancestor.
iii] FOSSILS: The dead remains of past organism under the rocks/deep earthen layers are called fossils.
• They help to study evidence and missing link between different species.
• They help to understand the sequence of evolution and help in classification of organisms. (Any one point]
Discussion
555.

Question : Evolution

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Solution :Formation of new species due to changes in SPECIFIC characters over several generations as RESPONSE to NATURAL selection, is called evolution is the GRADUAL CHANGE occuring in living organisms over a period of time.
Discussion
556.

Question : Explain esterification reaction with an example.

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Solution :When an ALCOHOL is TREATED with CARBOXYLIC acid in the PRESENCE of `H_2SO_4`sweet smelling compound is FORMED which is called ester. The reaction is known as esterification reaction.
`CH_3COOH + CH_3CH_2COOH to CH_3COOHCH_2CH_3`
Discussion
557.

Question : What is environmental pollution ?

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SOLUTION : An undesirable change in the PHYSICAL, CHEMICAL or biological characteristics of the natural ENVIRONMENT brought about by man.s activities is CALLED environmental pollution.
Discussion
558.

Question : What is Epiglottis?

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Solution :Epiglottis is a flap, in the NECK, which PREVENTS the entry of food into the TRACHEA through the GLOTTIS.
Discussion
559.

Question : What is an environment?

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SOLUTION :(i) Physical, chemical and biological FACTORS AFFECTING the living organisms in any possible way is COLLECTIVELY called as environment.
(ii) In SHORT, environment is the condition in surrounding.
Discussion
560.

Question : What is energy pyramid ?

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SOLUTION :(i) Energy pyramid is a graphical midel which represents the flow of energy in a community.
(ii) It consists of different levels which represent different group of ORGANISMS COMPOSING a food CHAIN.
(iii) The energy pyramid SHOWS the process of energy travelling up a food chain.
Discussion
561.

Question : What is Endocrinology?

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SOLUTION :The branch of biology which deals with the STUDY of the ENDOCRINE GLANDS is calledEndocrinology.
Discussion
562.

Question : What is emulsification? Where and how does it occur?

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Solution :The PROCESS of breakdown of large fat droplets into smaller ones. It occurs in duodenum of small intestine. It is brought about by bile SALTS through REDUCTION of SURFACE tension of large fat droplets.
Discussion
563.

Question : What is emasculation?

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pollination between flowers of DIFFERENT plants
pollination between flowers of same PLANT
artificial pollination
removal of the stamens of a plant to PREVENT SELF pollination

Answer :D
Discussion
564.

Question : What is EEG?

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Solution :Electro ENCEPHALOGRAM (EEG) is an instrument, which records the electrical IMPULSES of brain. An EEG can detect abnormalities in the brain WAVES and help in diagnoses of EPILEPSY, brain tumors and head injuries, etc.
Discussion
565.

Question : What is ecosystem? What are its different components?

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Solution :(i) The biotic and abiotic factors at a PARTICULAR place and their INTERACTIONS is called an ecosystem.
(ii) Biotic factors : Plants, animals, microbes.
Abiotic Factors: Water,AIR, SOIL,ETC.
Discussion
566.

Question : What is earlobe ? Which are dominant and recessive variants respectively ?

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Solution :The lowest part of the EAR PINNA is called EARLOBE. Amongst TWO variants, free earlobe is dominant and attached earlobe is recessive.
Discussion
567.

Question : What is DNA copying? State its importance.

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Solution :DNA replication or DNA copying is the process of producing two IDENTICAL replicas from ONE original DNA molecule during cell division.
Importance of DNA Copying :
(i) DNA replication needs to occur so that during cell division, new cells will also have a COPY of organism.s DNA.
(ii) DNA is necessary to make all the RNA and proteins needed for cells to carry out necessary reactions and CELLULAR PROCESSES in order for them to survive.
Discussion
568.

Question :What is DNA copying? State its importance.

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Solution : A PROCESS where a DNA molecule produces two similar copies of itself in a REPRODUCING cell is CALLED DNA copying.
Its importance are: (i) It makes the transmission of CHARACTERS from parents to the next GENERATION possible.
(ii) It causes variation in the population.
Discussion
569.

Question : What is DNA copying and state its importance? OR How does the amount of DNA remain constant though each generation is a combination of DNA copies of two individuals?

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Solution :A PROCESS where a DNA molecule produces two similar copies of itself in a reproducing cell. Importance - (i) It makes possible the transmission of CHARACTERS from parents to the next generation. I (ii) It causes variation in the population.
It remains CONSTANT as GAMETES are special type of cells which contains half the number of chromosomes unlike other cells in the body.
Discussion
570.

Question : What is DNA?

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SOLUTION :DNA is the CARRIER of HEREDITARY information from parents to the next GENERATION.
Discussion
571.

Question : What is difference between pollination and fertilization ?

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SOLUTION :DIFFERENCES between POLLINATION and FERTILIZATION :
Discussion
572.

Question : What is difference between breathing and respiration ?

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Solution :DIFFERENCES between breathing and respiration
`{:("Breathing","Respiration"),("(i) The mechanism by which an ORGANISM obtains OXYGEN from the environment and release CARBON dioxide is termed breathing.","(i) The mechanism of exchange of gases-"O_(2) and CO_(2) "is part of the bigger process"),("(ii) Breathing is is a physical process.","(ii) Oxidation of food occurs in the CELLS resulting in release of energy whichis utilised forcarrying out various functions."):}`
Discussion
573.

Question : What is difference between blood and lymph?

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Solution :Blood. 1. It is red in COLOUR due to RBC.
2. It has plasma, rich in RBCs, WBCs and PLATELETS.
3. It CONTAINS non-diffusable proteins like albumin, globutin.
Lymph. 1. It is white due to absence of RBC.
2. It has plasma, rich in WBCs.
3. It contains diffusable proteins.
Discussion
574.

Question : What is diapedesis?

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a kind of amoeboid movement
PROCESS of coming out of WBC through the capillary WALL to fight against foreign micro-organism
a type of LOCOMOTION found in hydra
the process of filtration of urea in kidney 

ANSWER :B
Discussion
575.

Question : What is cosmic origin ?

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Solution :Cosmic origin or extraterrestrial THEORIES STATES that life came from outer space. The unit of life CALLED spores (panspermia) were transferred to different PLANETS INCLUDING Earth.
Discussion
576.

Question : What is correct about pulmonary artery ?

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It CONTAINS pure BLOOD.
It contains IMPURE blood.
It SENDS blood to the gills.
it sends blood to the walls of the heart.

Answer :b,d
Discussion
577.

Question : What is correct about pulmonary vein ?

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It SUPPLIES BLOOD to the valnes.
It is the LONGEST vein.
It has pure blood that comes from the liver.
It brings pure blood to the LEFT atrium .

ANSWER :D
Discussion
578.

Question : What is contraception ?

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Solution :(1) The ptrevention of pregnancy in woman by preventing fertilisation is called contraception .
(2) Any device or chemical (drug ) which prevents pregnancy in woman is called contraceptive .
(3) Phisical devices such as condoms and DIAPHRAGM (cap) are used . This prevents reaching of sperms to ova for fertilisation.
(4) Chemicals in the form of pills are induced either orally or inserting into female reproductive organ vagina .
(5) Pills for males kill the sperms and hence are called spermicide.
(6) The use of INTRA -uterine device called copper- T, LOOP, etc. are also very EFFECTIVE in preventing pregnancy.
(7) Surgical METHODS of birth control are available for males as well as females.
(8) In males a small portion of vas deferens (sperm duct ) is removed by surgical operation and both ends are tied properly . This method is called Vasectomy.
(9) In females a small portion of oviducts (fallopian tubes ) is removed by surgical operation and the cut ends are tied . This method is called Tubectomy.
Discussion
579.

Question : What is conservation? Why should we conserve the natural resources?

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Solution :Proper utilization and management of nature and its resources is TERMED as conservation. It is important to conserve the NATURAL resources carefully, to preserve it for future GENERATIONS. We have to build a sustainable WORLD, which should last forever.
Discussion
580.

Question : What is compensation point?

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Solution :When the RATE of photosynthesis is equal to rate of respiration, it is called as compensation POINT.
The rate of liberation of `O_(2)` during photosynthesis is equal to the rate of liberation of `CO_(2)` during respiration. Thus, there is no net uptake of gases from the ENVIRONMENT. Compensation point is USUALLY reached at dusk and dawn and on a cloudy day.
Discussion
581.

Question : What is common in both Culex and Anoph eles?

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Both sit obliquely while resting on a plane
Both have dark spotted wings 
Both have three PAIRS of legs, last pair is HELD up in the AIR while sitting
Both LAY eggs in rafts 

Answer :C
Discussion
582.

Question : What is common for Cuscuta, Ticks and Leeches ?

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Solution :CUSCUTA is a plantand ticks and LEECHES are ANIMALS . They all are parasites i.e,. show HETEROTROPHIC mode of nutrition. They DERIVE nutrition by living on their host, thus benefitting themselves andcausing harm to the host.
Discussion
583.

Question : What is common between chloroplasts, chromoplasts and leucoplasts ?

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PRESENCE of pigments
ABILITY to multiply by a fissionlike process
presence of THYLAKOIDS and GRANA
STORAGE of starch , proteins and lipids

Solution :N/A
Discussion
584.

Question : What is colostrum? How is milk production hormonally regulated?

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Solution :The first fluid which is released from the mammary gland after child birth is CALLED as colostrum. Milk PRODUCTION from alveoli of mammary gland is stimulated by prolactin secreted from anterior PITUITARY. The EJECTION of milk is stimulated by posterior pituitary hormone OXYTOCIN.
Discussion
585.

Question : What is collateral vascular bundle?

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Solution :When xylem lies towards the CENTRE and phloem lies towards the periphery, it is CALLED the collateral VASCULAR BUNDLE.
Discussion
586.

Question : What is cohesion?

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Solution :The FORCE of attraction between molecules of water is CALLED COHESION.
Discussion
587.

Question : What is chyme?

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Solution :The slightly DIGESTED food, enters into the stomach through the alimentary CANAL. In the stomach, thiv food is churned ALONG with GASTRIC juices CONVERTING this food into a semi-solid paste called chyme.
Discussion
588.

Question : What is chlorophyll?

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Solution :Chlorophyll is a green coloured PIGMENT FOUND in the green leaves or green PARTS of the plant which traps solar ENERGY for photosynthesis. Chlorophyll is present in cell ORGANELLES called chloroplasts.
Discussion
589.

Question : What is chemical evolution?

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Solution :Chemical evolution of life THEORY states that life AROSE by a series of sequential chemical reactions. The FIRST form of life could have COME from pre-existing non-living inorganic molecules, which gave rise to formation of diverse organic molecules, which are tranformed into colloid system to produce life.
Discussion
590.

Question : What is Cardiac Cycle?

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Solution :The sequence of events occuring from the beginning to the completion of ONE heart BEAT is called Cardiac CYCLE.
Discussion
591.

Question : What do you mean by capillarity or capillary action ?

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Solution :WATER or any LIQUID rises in a capillary TUBE because of physical forces. This phenomenon is CALLED capillary ACTION.
Discussion
592.

Question : What is called when two populations of a species cannot reproduce with each other ?

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Solution :When two POPULATIONS of a SPECIES cannot REPRODUCE with each other, it is CALLED reproductive isolation and two populations can be called two independent species.
Discussion
593.

Question : What is called placenta ?

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Solution :A disc-like SPECIAL TISSUE embedded in uterine WALL through which the embryo gets NUTRITION from mother.s BLOOD is called placenta.
Discussion
594.

Question : What is called hot spots ? How is geothermal energy exploited from it ? In which countries such power plants are in operational ?

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Solution :Due to geological changes, molten rocks FORMED in the deeper hot regions on earth.s crust are pushed upward and trapped in certain regions called hot spots.
When underground water comes in contact with the hot SPOT, steam is generated. The steam in rocks is routed through a pipe to a turbine and used to generate electricity. The cost of production would not be much, but there are very few commercially viable SITES where GEOTHERMAL energy can be exploited.
In New Zealand and UNITED States of America, power plants based on geothermal energy are operational.
Discussion
595.

Question : What is bolting? How can it be induced artificially?

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SOLUTION :TREATMENT of ROSETTE plants with gibberellin induces sudden shoot elongation followed by flowering is called bolting. It can be induced artificially, before the CROP is HARVESTED.
Discussion
596.

Question : What is blood pressure ? What are normal valve of systolic and distolic blood pressure ? How is it measured ? Name the instrument used to measure blood pressure.

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Solution :Blood pressure is the force that blood exerts against the wall of a vessel. This pressure is MUCH greater in ARTERIES than in veins. The pressure of blood inside the artery during ventri SYSTOLE is called SYSTOLIC pressure and pressure in artery during ventricular diastole is called diastolic pressure.
The NORMAL systolic pressure is about 120 mm of Hg and diastolic pressure is 80 mm of Hg.
Blood pressure is measured with an instrument called sphygmo manometer.
Discussion
597.

Question : What is blood pressure ? Name the instrument used to measure blood pressure.

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Solution :Blood pressure is the pressureexerted by forceful FLOW of blood on the elastic WALLS of the arteries.It is MEASURED in mm of HG by an instrumentcalled sphygmomanometer.
Discussion
598.

Question : What is blood pressure?

Answer»

the PRESSURE of blood on the HEART muscle
the pressure of blood exerted on the WALLS of arteries and veins 
the pressure of blood on the walls of veins only
the pressure of blood on the walls of arteries only 

ANSWER :B
Discussion
599.

Question :What is Blood Pressure? How is blood pressure expressed?

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Solution :The force exerted during the FLOW of blood against the LATERAL walls of arteries, is CALLED Blood Pressure. Blood pressure is usually expressed in terms of systolic pressure and diastolic pressure.
Systolic pressure: The pressure, during ventricular systole, the left VENTRICLE contracts and forces the blood into the aorta is called systolic pressure.
Diastolic pressure: The pressure, during diastole, the ventricle relax and the pressure falls to the LOWEST value, is called Diastolic pressure.
In a healthy adult, during normal resting condition the systolic and diastolic blood pressure is expressed as 120mm/80mm Hg.
Discussion
600.

Question : What is biological magnification ? Will the levels of this magnification be different at different levels of the ecosystem?

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SOLUTION :The phenomenon of progressive INCREASE in concentration of certain harmful non-biodegradable chemicals such as DDT at different levels of FOOD chain is CALLED biological magnification or biomagnification.
The concentration of harmful chemicals will be different at different trophic levels. It will be lowest in the first trophic level and HIGHEST in the last trophic level of the food chain. This is because as we move higher up in the food chain, the non-biodegradable chemicals, which may have entered the food chain at any level will go on accumulating.
Discussion