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InterviewSolution
This section includes InterviewSolutions, each offering curated multiple-choice questions to sharpen your knowledge and support exam preparation. Choose a topic below to get started.
| 451. |
Question : What is 'reproduction'? Mention the importance of DNA copying in reproduction. |
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Answer» Solution :Reproduction is the process by which an organism produces new individuals that look very MUCH like themselves. Importance of DNA copying in reproduction : (i) Copying or duplication of GENETIC material (DNA) through faithful replication is CALLED DNA copying. It can be inherited by the progeny. (ii) The process of DNA copying brings some variation each time. The SURVIVING cells are similar to but subtly different from each other. This inbuilt tendency for variation during reproduction brings variations among individuals of the same species. This is USEFUL for ensuring survival of the species |
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| 452. |
Question : What is reproduction ? What are its basic types ? |
| Answer» Solution :REPRODUCTION. All organisms born on this earth show characteristic life cycle, involving birth, growth, maturation, reproduction and death. Reproduction is one of the most important processes by which CONTINUATION of the species from one generation to another generation can take PLACE. Older and aged organisms are REPLACED by new and YOUNGER organisms by reproduction. Reproduction is of two types. i.e. asexual and sexual. | |
| 453. |
Question : What is reproduction ? |
| Answer» SOLUTION :Reproduction. It is the ABILITY of an ORGANISM to produce the young ones of its own KIND. | |
| 454. |
Question : What Is reproduction? |
| Answer» SOLUTION :The production of new ORGANISMS from the existing organisms of the same SPECIES is CALLED reproduction. | |
| 455. |
Question : What is regeneration ? |
| Answer» SOLUTION :It is a PROCESS in which the LOST PART of the BODY is regrown. | |
| 456. |
Question : What is pulse rate? |
| Answer» SOLUTION :During the expansion of the artery, every time, the blood is FORCED into the ARTERIES is called pulse. | |
| 457. |
Question : What is puberty ? |
| Answer» SOLUTION :The period of ADOLESCENCE when the reproductive organs become functional, is termed as PUBERTY. It is accompanied by development of secondary sexual characters both in males and FEMALES. | |
| 458. |
Question : What is Puberty? Give common and sexual changes that occur during the puberty. |
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Answer» Solution :The age at which the reproductive organs become functional and the boys and girls become sexually mature is know as .puberty.. The rate of GENERAL body growth begins to slow down, reproductive tissues BEGIN to mature. This period during adolescence is called puberty. Common changes occur during puberty: Following changes are common in boys and girls : Thick hairs growing in armpits and the genital area between the thighs, thinner hair can also appear on legs and arms, as well as on face, INCREASE in the HEIGHT and weight, some times SKIN becomes oily and pimples may develop, etc. Secondary sexual changes : In girls, ovary starts secreting female sex hormones. `rarr` Ovaries start producing ova. `rarr` Development of reproductive organs and breasts develop, with darkening of the skin of the nipples. `rarr` Menstrual cycle starts. `rarr` In Boys, testes start secreting male sex hormones. `rarr` Testes start producing sperms. Many other changes take place during puberty. New hair growth. `rarr` Body becomes more muscular. `rarr` The voice begin to crack. `rarr` Shoulders and chest broaden. The penis occasionaly begins to become enlarged and erect. |
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| 459. |
Question : Methods of family planning |
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Answer» Solution :The sudden and rapid rise in the size of human population is called Population EXPLOSION. Contraception: Contraception is one of the best birth control measures. The devices used for contraception are called contraceptive devices. The common contraceptive methods used to prevent pregnancy are as follows: (a) Barrier methods: This method prevents the meeting of ovum by the sperms. The entry of sperm is prevented into the female reproductive tract by barrier. (i) Condom: Condom are made of thin rubber or latex sheath. Condom prevents deposition of sperms in the vagina. Condom protect against Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STD) like Syphilis and AIDS. (ii)Diaphragm (CERVICAL cap): VAGINAL diaphragm fitting into the vagina or a cervical cap fitting over the cervix. This prevents the entry of sperms into the uterus. (b) TheHormonal Methods: Hormonal preparations are in the form of pills or tablets (contraceptive pills).se HORMONES stop the release of egg from the ovary. (c) Intra-Uterine Devices (IUD): The intrauterine device (IUD) are contraceptive devices, inserted into the uterus. Lippe.s Loop and Copper-T, made of copper and plastic are two synthetic devices, commonly used in India. This can remain for a period of 3 years. This reduces the sperm fertilizing capacity and prevents implantation. (d) Surgical methods: Surgical contraception or sterilization techniques are terminal methods to prevent any pregnancy. This PROCEDURE in males is called as vasectomy (ligation of vas deferens) and in females it is called tubectomy (ligation of fallopian tube). These are methods of permanent birth control. |
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| 460. |
Question : What is Pollination? How does it occur in plants ? Explain how pollination leads to fertilisation. |
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Answer» Solution :Pollination is the process of transfer of pollen grains from anther to stigma of the same flower or of different flowers of the same species. It occurs with the help of various biotic and abiotic agencies. For example, Biotic - Birds, insects and bats help in pollination. Abiotic - Air and water also help in pollination. Steps leading from pollination to fertilisation : (i) Pollen grain lands on suitable stigma, grows out pollen tube carrying the two male gametes. (ii) First male GAMETE FUSES with the EGG cell resulting in formation of the (2n) diploid zygote. The zygote develops to form embryo which LATER forms complete PLANT. (iii) The second male gamete fuses with the two polar nuclei to form (3n) triploid PEN. Primary endosperm nucleus divides to form the endosperm which provides nutrition to developing zygote. |
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| 461. |
Question : What is pollination ? How does it occur in plants? How does pollination lead to fertilization? Explain. |
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Answer» Solution :The transfer of pollens from anther to the stigma of a flower is called pollination. The transfer is accomplished by an external agency such as wind (anemophily), water (hydrophily), insects (entomophily), birds (ornithophily), bats (chiropterophily), etc. Both wind and water are ABIOTIC agencies while insects, birds, bats etc. are biotic agencies of pollination. After falling on stigma, the pollen grain absorbs water and nutrients. It PRODUCES a tube called pollen tube. Pollen tube grows through style and reaches the ovary. Its tip contains a tube nucleus and two male GAMETES or sperm cells. The advancing pollen tube enters an ovule, generally through micropyle and reaches the interior of the embryo SAC. Here the tube bursts to release its two male gametes. One male gamete fuses with egg to form zygote and the second male gamete fuses with binucleate central cells which FORMS endosperm. |
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| 462. |
Question : What is pollination ? Explain formation of seed once when a suitable pollen has landed on the stigma. |
| Answer» Solution :Transfer of pollen grain from anther to stigma is TERMED as pollination. Pollination is of two types : self-pollination and cross-pollination. When the pollen grain is transferred to stigma of same flower or to any other flower growing on same plant is termed as self-pollination. Transfer of pollen grain from anther of one flower to stigma of another flower growing on another plant of same species is termed as cross-pollination. On reaching the suitable stigma, pollen grain germinates, carrying the two male gametes in pollen tube. The first male gamete fuses with the egg cell, present in the embryo sac resulting in formation of zygote. The second male gamete fuses with secondary nuclei and result in formation of primary endosperm NUCLEUS. This is known as double fertilisation. After fertilisation, the ovule develops and converts into a seed containing embryo. The embryo is the future plant and when it is provided with suitable conditions like water, AIR and optimum temperature, it develops into a SEEDLING. The ovary grows rapidly and ripens to form a FRUIT. The fruit encloses the seeds. The seed contains embryo which has a plumule and a radicle. Radicle gives rise to root and plumule gives rise to shoot. | |
| 463. |
Question : What is placenta ? What is its role in foetal development ? |
| Answer» Solution :The embryo gets nutrition from the mother.s blood with the help of a special tissue called PLACENTA. This is a DISC which is embedded in the UTERINE wall. It contains villi on the embryo.s side of the tissue. On the mother.s side are blood spaces, which surround the villi. This PROVIDES a large surface area for GLUCOSE and oxygen to pass from the mother to the embryo. The developing embryo will also generate waste substances which can be removed by transferring them into the mother.s blood through the placenta. | |
| 464. |
Question : What is placenta? Mention its role during pregnancy. |
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Answer» Solution :Placenta is a special tissue CONNECTION between embryo and uterine WALL. It acts as an endocrine gland. Role of placenta: (i) It possesses villi that increase the surface area for absorption of NUTRIENTS. (II) Facilitates passage of nutrition and oxygen to embryo from mother through blood. (iii) WASTE substances produced by embryo are removed through placenta into mother.s blood. |
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| 465. |
Question : What is placenta? Explain its function in humans. |
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Answer» Solution :Placenta is a SPECIAL tissue connection between embryo and uterine wall. It acts as an endocrine GLAND. Role of placenta: (i) It possesses villi that increase the surface area for absorption of nutrients. (ii) FACILITATES PASSAGE of nutrition and oxygen to embryo from mother through blood. (iii) Waste substances PRODUCED by embryo are removed through placenta into mother.s blood. |
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| 466. |
Question : What is placenta ? Describe its structure. State its functions in case of pregnant human female. |
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Answer» Solution :For IMPLANTATION of foetus, a special tissue called PLACENTA develops from the maternal uterine wall. It is a disc shaped structure, in the uterine wall with VILLI on the embryonal side and large BLOOD spaces on maternal side. Functions: (i) It provides large surface area for GLUCOSE and `O_2` to pass from mother.s blood to the embryo. (ii) It also removes embryonal metabolic wastes. |
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| 467. |
Question : What is placenta ? |
| Answer» SOLUTION :EMBRYO gets nourishment through placenta. Placenta is a disc embedded in the wall of UTERUS. It contains villi on the embryo side of tissue. On the mother side are blood SPACES which surround villi. Placenta serves to bring the foetal and MATERNAL blood close enough to permit exchange of materials between the two. | |
| 468. |
Question : Which one of the following is not the function of placenta ? It |
| Answer» Solution :Placenta is the nourishment TISSUE FORMED by the CELLS of embryo and MOTHER . | |
| 469. |
Question :What is physical abuse? What does child abuse constitute? |
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Answer» Solution :PHYSICAL abuse of a CHILD is defined as those acts that cause physical harm such as the threatening, beating, kicking and hitting the child. Child abuse constitutes all forms of physical or EMOTIONAL ill treatment, sexual abuse, exploitation resulting in child.s ill health, survival and DEVELOPMENT. |
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| 470. |
Question : What is phototropism ? Describe an activity to demonstrate phototropism. |
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Answer» Solution :(a) Phototropism : It is the growth which responds to a light stimulus. The cells on the plant that are farthest from the light have a chemical called AUXIN that reacts when phototropism occurs. Activity to demonstrate Phototropism : (a) (i) Fill a comcal flask with water. (ii) Cover the neck of the flask with a wire mesh. (III) Keep two or three freshly GERMINATED bean seeds on the wire mesh. (IV) Take a cardboard box which is opwn from one side. (v) Keep the flask in the box in such a manner that the open side of the box FACES light coming from a window. (vi) After two or three days, you will notice that the shoots bend towards light and roots away from light. (vii) Now turn the flask so that the shoots are away from light and the roots towards light. (viii) Leave it undisturbed in this condition for a few days you will find that the plant bends towards the light. 
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| 471. |
Question : What is photosynthesis and where in a cell does it occur? |
| Answer» Solution :PHOTOSYNTHESIS is a process in which the green plants use sunlight and the green PIGMENT chlorophyll, to synthesize, nutrients from carbon dioxide from air and WATER. The photosynthesis occurs in green parts of plant such as leaves, stems and FLORAL BUDS. | |
| 472. |
Question : What is peptic ulcer? How is peptic ulcer caused? |
| Answer» SOLUTION :An ulcer on the inner membrane lining of the STOMACH is called peptic ulcer. Peptic ulcer is CAUSED by the high acidity of GASTRIC JUICE secretions. | |
| 473. |
Question : What is parthenogenesis? |
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Answer» development of FRUIT without HORMONES |
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| 474. |
Question : What is ozone and how does it affect any ecosystem ? |
| Answer» Solution :Ozone is a form of OXYGEN. It has the molecular formula `O_3`. It is present at a higher level in the ATMOSPHERE. It protects the ecosystem from the harmful effects of ultraviolet rays coming from the Sun. Ultraviolet radiations cause skin cancer, CATARACT and affect our immune system. | |
| 475. |
Question : What is ovulation? |
| Answer» SOLUTION :OVULATION refers to the release of an EGG during MENSTRUATION. | |
| 476. |
Question : What is ovulation ? How it occurs ? |
| Answer» Solution :The RELEASE of ovum from GRAFFIAN follicle is KNOWN as OVULATION. | |
| 477. |
Question : What is osmoregulation? |
| Answer» Solution :OSMOREGULATION is the MAINTENANCE of OPTIMUM concentration of water and SALTS in the body fluids. | |
| 478. |
Question : What is organic evolution? |
| Answer» SOLUTION :Evolution is the sequence of gradual changes of the living organisms, which takes place in the PRIMITIVE organisms over millions of years resulting in the formation of NEW SPECIES. | |
| 479. |
Question : What is obesity and body mass Index? |
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Answer» Solution :Obesity is the state in which there is an accumulation of excess body FAT with an abnormal INCREASE in body weight. Body MASS Index (BMI) is an estimate of body fat and health risk. BMI = Weight (kg) / Height `(m)^(2)` |
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| 480. |
Question : What is Nucleoside and Nucleotide? |
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Answer» SOLUTION :Nucleoside = NITROGEN base + SUGAR NUCLEOTIDE = Nucleoside + PHOSPHATE |
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| 481. |
Question : What is nuclear energy? What are the hazards of nuclear power generation? |
| Answer» Solution :The energy produced during a nuclear reaction such as nuclear FISION or fusion is called nuclear energy, Nuclear WASTES contains radioactive SUBSTANCES which emit harmful nuclear radiations. There is a high risk of environment contamination. The radiations emitted from the nuclear waste penetrate deep inside the human or ANIMAL body where they can DAMAGE biological cells thereby initiate cancer or causes genetic diseases. Increased mortality of plants, soil invertebrates and mammals and reproductive losses in plants and animals have also been observed. | |
| 482. |
Question : What is necessary to convert this food chain into food web? |
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Answer» Solution :(i) INCLUDE more primary consumers like squirrel, deer,goat ETC. (II) Include more secondary consumers like wolf, fox etc. (III) Include more tertiary and APEX consumers like lion, tiger etc. Show interrelationship of these animals to convert the food chains into a food web. |
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| 483. |
Question : What is mutation? Explain the two types of mutation. |
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Answer» Solution :Mutation is an inheritable sudden change in the genetic MATERIAL (DNA) of an organism. Mutations are broadly classified into 1. Chromosomal mutation and 2. Gene mutation. 1. Chromosomal Mutation: The sudden change in the structure or number of chromosomes is called chromosomal mutation. This result in (a) Change in the structure of chromosomes: Structural changes occur due to errors in cell division. Changes in the number and arrangement of genes takes place as a result of deletion, duplication, inversion and translocation in chromosomes. (B) Changes in the number of chromosomes: They involve addition or deletion in the number of chromosomes present in a cell and is called ploidy. The two types of ploidy. The two types of ploidy are: (i) Euploidy: It is the condition, in which the individual bears more than the usual number. If an individual has three haploid sets of chromosomes, the condition is called triploidy [3n]. Triploid plants and animals are sterile. If an individual has four haploid sets of chromosomes, the condition is called tetraploidy [4n]. Tetraploid plants often result in increased fruit and flower size. (ii) Aneuploidy: It is the loss or gain of one or more chromosomes in a set. It is of three types: (a) Monosomy `[2n-1]` (b) Trisomy `[2n+1]` (c ) nullisomy `[2n-2]` (iii) Down.s syndrome: It is one of the commonly known aneuploid condition, in man. It is a genetic condition, in which there is an extra copy of chromosome 21 (Trisomy 21). It is associated with mental RETARDATION, delayed developement, behavioural problems, weak muscle tone, vision and hearing disability are some of the conditions seen in CHILDREN. 2. Gene or point mutation: Gene mutation is the changes occuring in nucleotide sequence of a gene. It involves substitution, delation, insertion or inversionof a single or more than one nitrogenous base. Gene alteration results in abnormal protein formation. |
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| 484. |
Question : What is mutation ? |
| Answer» Solution :ORGANISMS have EVOLVED in number of ways to PROTECT their DNA from changes inspite of those mechanisms, howerver changes in the DNA sequence is called a mution. | |
| 485. |
Question : What is multiple fission? How does it occur in an organism? Explain briefly. Name one organism which exhibits this type of reproduction. |
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Answer» Solution :Multiple fission is the process of reproduction in which many INDIVIDUALS are formed or produced from the parent cell. In this process, the nucleus divides repeatedly to produce large number of nuclei. Each nucleus gathers a bit of cytoplasm around itself and develops a membrane around each structure. Many daughter CELLS DEVELOP which on LIBERATION grow into adult organism. Plasmodium exhibits this type of fission. |
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| 486. |
Question : What is monohybrid cross ? |
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Answer» Solution :MONOHYBRID CROSS. It is a cross in which only one character is considered at a TIME, e.g., in a cross between tall and dwarf plant, the size of stem is considered. Mendel made a cross between pure tall (TT) and a pure dwarf (tt) PEA plant. He obtained all tall (hybrid) plants in `F_(1)` generation. On selfing these plants PRODUCED tall and dwarf in the ratio of `3:1` The genotypic ratio of `1:2:1` and phenotypic ratio of `3:1` is termed monohybrid ratio. |
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| 487. |
Question : What is micturition ? |
| Answer» Solution :The ACT of PASSING out URINE from URINARY BLADDER. | |
| 488. |
Question : What is micropropagation? |
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Answer» germination of seed with cotyledons above the soil |
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| 489. |
Question : What is microevolution ? |
| Answer» Solution :A change in relative ABUNDANCE of a gene (controlling a trait) WITHIN a POPULATION over a SUCCESSION of GENERATIONS is termed microevolution. | |
| 490. |
Question : What is metastasis ? |
| Answer» SOLUTION :The Cancerous cells MIGRATE to distant parts of the BODY and affect new tissues and this process is called Metastasis. | |
| 491. |
Question : What is menarche? |
| Answer» SOLUTION :The ONSET of menstrual cycle or the FIRST menstrual flow is CALLED MENARCHE. | |
| 492. |
Question : What is menopause? |
| Answer» SOLUTION :The TERMINATION of menstrual CYCLE is called MENOPAUSE. | |
| 493. |
Question : What is meant by water table? Why is it important? |
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Answer» Solution :Water table : The LEVEL of water under the ground is called water table. Advantages of underground water are : Instead of evaporation, the STORED underground water RECHARGES the WELLS by SPREADING out. It also provides moisture for vegetation over a wide area. It remains protected from contamination from animal and human wastes. It does not provide breeding ground for mosquitoes. |
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| 494. |
Question : What is meant by tropic movements? |
| Answer» Solution :PLANT growth movements in RESPONSE to stimuli from a perticular derection are CALLED TROPIC move-ments. | |
| 495. |
Question : What is meant by trophic level in a food chain ? Construct a terrestrial food chain with four trophic levels. The energy flow in a food chain is always unidirectional. Why ? |
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Answer» Solution :Each STEP of level of the FOOD chain forms a trophic level. Organisms at the first trophic level are called AUTOTROPHS. In fact, these are the producers. They fix up the SOLAR energy and make it available for consumers. Grass `to` Grasshopper `to`Frog `to` Snake The energy captured by autotrophs does not revert BACK to solar system. It passes to the herbivores and from there to the carnivores. The energy lost goes to the atmosphere. Thus, energy flow from the sun through the producer to the consumer is in one dimension only. This flow cannot be reversed. |
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| 496. |
Question : What is meant by the term extinction ? |
| Answer» SOLUTION :ELIMINATION of a SPECIES is TERMED EXTINCTION. | |
| 497. |
Question : What is meant by the term Environment ? |
| Answer» Solution : Environment is the SUM total of all EXTERNAL conditions and influences that AFFECT the life and DEVELOPMENT of an organism. Environment includes all the PHYSICAL or abiotic and biological or biotic factors. | |
| 498. |
Question : What is meant by speciation? List four factors that could lead to speciation. Which of these cannot be a major factor in the speciation of a self-pollinating plant species. Give reason to justify your answer. |
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Answer» Solution :(i) Speciation : The process of FORMATION of a new species from a pre-existing one. (ii) Four FACTORS : Genetic drift Mutation / Drastic change in the GENES or DNA Natural selection Geographical isolation (iii) Geographical isolation cannot be a major factor in the speciation of a self-pollinating plant species. (iv) Reason : Physical barrier cannot be created in self- pollinating PLANTS. |
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| 499. |
Question : What is meant by pollination ? Describe its various types along with names of various pollinating agents. |
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Answer» Solution :The TRANSFER of pollen grains from anther to suitable stigma is termed POLLINATION. Pollination is of two types : (i) Self-pollination : The transfer of pollen GRAIN from the anther of a flower to the stigma of the same flower is known as self-pollination. (ii) Cross-pollination: The transfer of pollen grain from the anther of ONE flower to the stigma of another flower growing on same or another plant of the same species is called crosspollination. Agencies of pollination are - wind, WATER, insects, birds and animals. |
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| 500. |
Question : What is meant by photosynthesis ? |
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Answer» Solution :The MANUFACTURE of organic compounds from carbon dioxide and water in the PRESENCE of sunlight inside the chlorophyll containing cells of the plant is CALLED photosynthesis. The overall reaction of photosynthesis is `underset("Carbon dioxide")(6 CO_(2)) + underset("Water")(12 H_(2)O) overset("Chlorophyll") underset("Light")(to) underset("Glucose")(C_(6) H_(12) O_(6)) + underset("Oxygen")(6O_(2)) + 6 H_(2)O` |
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