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8201.

Question : What is a lysosome that digests its own cell called ?

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SOLUTION :AUTOPHAGIC VACUOLE.
Discussion
8202.

Question : What is a ligament?

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SOLUTION : A dense FIBROUS connective TISSUE that connectsbones at the joints and holds them in POSITION.
Discussion
8203.

Question : What is a liana ? Mention its importance.

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Solution :Liana is a VINE that is perennial and woody. LIANAS are major COMPONENTS in the TREE canopy LAYER of some tropical forests. e.g. Ventilago.
Discussion
8204.

Question : What is a leaf base ?

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Solution :The part of the leaf attached to the node of the STEM is CALLED leaf BASE. It protects GROWING buds at its axil.
Discussion
8205.

Question : What is a karyotype?

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SOLUTION :A karyotype is an ARRANGEMENT of CHROMOSOMES from a CELL based on their shape, size, and position of their centromeres
Discussion
8206.

Question : What is a flower ? Describe the parts of a typical angiosperm flower.

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SOLUTION :For ANSWER SEE section-A, Q. No. 13
Discussion
8207.

Question : What is a floral diagram ? What special features does a floral diagram inform ?

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Solution :A floral diagram is the diagrammatic representation of the ground plan of a flower illustrating the number, arrangement and interrelationship of various floral parts as PROJECTED in the transverse plane. The special features, which a floral diagram informs, are-(i) Symmetry of the flower (i.e., actinomorphic or zygomorphic) , (ii) Sex of the flower (i.e., bisexual or unisexual , male or female , etc), (iii) Bracts present or absent, bracteoles present or absent, position of bracts and bracteoles in relation to other floral parts, (iv) Number of floral cyclic (i.e., tetracyclic, petacyclic, etc.) , (v) Number of floral parts (i.e., Sepals, petals, stamens, staminodes, carpels, etc.) , (vi) Position of oddsepal or odd PETAL (i.e., anterior or posterior), if the number of sepal or petal is odd, (vii)Aestivation of sepals and petals (i.e., valvate, twisted, imbricate, etc.) , (viii) Number of stamens arranged in one or more than one whorl, their position in relation to petals, ATTACHMENT of stamens with petals or free, adalphous CONDITION, monothecous or bithecous, extrorse or introse, etc. (ix) number of carpels, free or fused, number of locules, number of ovules in each locule, type of placentation, any special feature (such as SWOLLEN placenta, oblique ovary, false septum, etc.), (x) Position of floral parts in relation with the mother axis.
Discussion
8208.

Question : What is a false fruit ? Give an example.

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Solution :When in addition to the OVARY, some other floral parts ALSO participate in the formation of FRUIT, e.g., apple.
Discussion
8209.

Question : What is a closed vascular bundle?

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SOLUTION :A VASCULAR BUNDLE is CLOSED when it does not have CAMBIUM.
Discussion
8210.

Question : What is a chromatosome ?

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SOLUTION :A nucleosome and a DNA LINKER are TOGETHER called a CHROMATOSOME.
Discussion
8211.

Question : What is a centromere? How does the position of centromere form the basis of classification of chromosomes. Support your answer with a diagram showing the position of centromere on different types of chromosomes.

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Solution :Every chromosome has a primary CONSTRICTION, called CENTROMERE on the sides of which disc-shaped structures called kinetochores are present. Based on the position of the centromere, chromosomes can be classified into four types. The metacentric chromosome has middle centromere forming two equal arms of the chromosome. The sub-metacentric chromosome has centromere slightly away from the middle of the chromosome resulting into one shorter arm and one longer arm. In case of acrocentric chromosome the centromere is situated CLOSE to its end forming one extremely short and one very long arm. Whereas the telocentric chromosome has a terminal centromere.
Discussion
8212.

Question : Centrosome is

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Solution :The centrosphere along with centrioles is CALLED CENTROSOME
Discussion
8213.

Question : What is a capusle? Mention its role.

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Solution :Some bacteria are surrounded by gelatinous SUBSTANCE which is composed of polysaccharides or polypeptide or both. A THICK layer of glycocalyx and BOUND tightly to the cell wall is called capsule. It protects cell from desiccation and antibiotics. The sticky nature helps them to attach to SUBSTRATES like plant ROOT surfaces, Human teeth and tissues. It helps to retain the nutrients in bacterial cell.
Discussion
8214.

Question : What is a bulb ? Mention its types.

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Solution :Bulb is a condensed, CONICAL or convex stem surrounded by fleshy scale LEAVES. There are two TYPES : (i) TUNICATED (coated) bulb and (II) Scaly bulb.
Discussion
8215.

Question : What is a biosphere reserve?

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Solution :Biosphere reserve (BR) is an international designation by UNESCO for representative parts of natural and cultural LANDSCAPES extending over LARGE are of terrestrial or coastal/ MARINE ecosystems or a COMBINATION thereof.
Discussion
8216.

Question : What is a bicollateral vascular bundle ?

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SOLUTION :A vascular BUNDLE with both external and internalphloem is said to be BICOLLATERAL vascular bundle.
Discussion
8217.

Question : What inhibits the releases ADH and what does it lead to ?

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Solution :FALL in blood osmotic pressure. It leads to less absorption of WATER by kidney and so INCREASED volume of urine. (HYPOTONIC urine)
Discussion
8218.

Question : What inhibits release of renin from JGA?

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Solution :Increased BLOOD volume and blood PRESSURE which trigger RELEASE of ANF from the atrial WALL of heart.
Discussion
8219.

Question : What important events take place in interphase?

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SOLUTION :SYNTHESIS of RNA, and proteins, REQUIRED for normal life of the CELL and the synthesis of new genetic material (DNA) required for DIVISION.
Discussion
8220.

Question : What increases the water potential of a solution?

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SOLUTION :Less QUANTITY of SOLUTE increases the water potential ofa solution.
Discussion
8221.

Question : What holds the ribosomes together in a polysome ?

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SOLUTION :MRNA CHAIN.
Discussion
8222.

Question : What happnes if sugercane crop is sprayed with gibberellis ?

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Solution :It INCREASES the length of the stem, INCREASING the YIELD.
Discussion
8223.

Question : What happens when dry raisins are placed in water?

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SOLUTION :Raisins swell by absorbing WATER due to ENDOSMOSIS
Discussion
8224.

Question : What happens when a silicon emulsion is applied over the surface of leaves?

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SOLUTION :REDUCE TRANSPIRATION.
Discussion
8225.

Question : What happens when a pressure greater than the atmospheric pressure is applied to pure water or a solution ?

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Solution :When more pressure is applied COMPARED to atmospheric pressure on PURE WATER or solution then water potential increases (water ENTERS more into semipermeable membrane)
Discussion
8226.

Question : What happens when a pressure greater than the atmospheric pressure is applied to pure water on a solution?

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SOLUTION :If a PRESSURE greater than ATMOSPHERIC pressure is applied to PURE water or a solution, its water potential increases
Discussion
8227.

Question : What happens to water& carbondioxideduringphotosynthesis /

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SOLUTION :Water is OXIDISEDTO OXYGEN. `CO_(2)`is reduced to CARBOHYDRATES.
Discussion
8228.

Question : What happens to water transport if an air bubble forms within the xylem?

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Solution :The force of attraction of WATER molecules (cohesion) in the column is a result of the hydrogen bonds between them. An AIR bubble in the xylem interrupts the continuity of water by displacing some of the molecules they become too far from each other to form hydrogen bonds. Water above the bubble may be pulled up, but it will not be replaced by water from below the bubble because the cohesive force has been BROKEN. Thus, a xylem channel with an air bubble can no longer TRANSPORT water upward from the SOIL.
Discussion
8229.

Question : What happens to the water potential of pure water when solutes are added to it?

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SOLUTION :It GOES to its NEGATIVE VALUE.
Discussion
8230.

Question : What happens to the protein molecules in food, from the time it is swallowed, to the time its products are built up in the cytoplasm of a muscle cell.

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Solution : Proteins and partially digested proteins in the chyme on reaching the intestine are acted upon by the proteolytic enzymes of pancreatic juice. Trypsin hydrolyses proteins into POLYPEPTIDES and peptones, while chymotrypsin hydrolyses peptide bonds associated with specific amino ACIDS .
Proteins are source of amino acids required for growth and REPAIR of body cells. They are stored in the body only to a certain extent, large quantities are EXCRETED as nitrogenous waste.
Discussion
8231.

Question : What happens to the primary xylemandphloem duringsecondarygrowth?

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Solution :Due to the continued FORMATION of SECONDARY xylem and phloem through vascular cambial activity, both the primary xylem and phloem GET GRADUALLY crushed.
Discussion
8232.

Question : What happens to the drones after mating fight ?

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SOLUTION : They DIE after COPULATION
Discussion
8233.

Question : What happens to primary phloem in secondary growth in dicot root?

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SOLUTION :It GETS CRUSHED by ACTIVITY of CAMBIUM.
Discussion
8234.

Question : What happens to plant cells at the end of Telophase in Mitosis.

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Solution :In Plants, phragmoplast are formed between the daughter cells. Cell plate is formed between the TWO daughter cells, reconstruction of cell wall takes PLACE. FINALLY the cells are separated by the distribution of organelles, macromolecules into two newly formed daughter cells.
Discussion
8235.

Question :What happens to butter in the intestine?

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Solution :Main digestion of butter, occurs in intestine. Bile salts of the bile juice emulsify the fats and increase the surface area for the action of lipases, while sodium bicarbonate PROVIDES alkaline medium in small intestine. - Pancreatic LIPASE is strongest lipase enzyme and hydrolyses most of the fat. Fats `overset("Lipase")to `, Diglyceride + FATTY acid ` overset("Lipase")to` , Monoglyceride + fatty acid `overset ("Lipase ")to` , GLYCEROL + fatty acid - Intestinal lipase hydrolyses remaining triglycerides. Digestion products include glycerol, fatty acids, MONOGLYCERIDES and small amount of diglycerides.
Discussion
8236.

Question : What happens to epidermis in secondary growth in dicot root?

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Solution :It gets destroyed and is replaced by PERIDERM. Periderm has OUTER layer of cork.
Discussion
8237.

Question : What happens to a plant cell when it is placed in a hypotonic solution ?

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SOLUTION :CELLS BECOME TURGID.
Discussion
8238.

Question : What happens in the Electron transport chain?

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Solution :The electrons MOVE from one electron CARRIER to next in a sequential manner. It INVOLVES reduction and oxidation reaction simultaneously. As the electron MOVES, it brings about the formation of energy rich molecules LIKE ATP and `NADPH_(2)`
Discussion
8239.

Question : What happens if the Mg^(+) concentration rises above 0.001 M in the hyaloplasm ?

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SOLUTION :RIBOSOME SUBUNITS DISSOCIATE.
Discussion
8240.

Question : What happens if the sucrose is hydrolysed?

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Solution :On hydrolysis, the glycosidic BONDS in sucrose GETS splitted YIELDING GLUCOSE and fructose.
Discussion
8241.

Question : What happens if spermathecal openings of one pheretima are blocked with wax hypothetically during copulation?

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COPULATION stops
Fertilization can't OCCUR 
Copulation OCCURS but spermatophores can't be exchanged
Both copulation and fertilization can't occur 

Answer :C
Discussion
8242.

Question : What happens if a person suffers from prolonged hyperglycemia ?

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SOLUTION : Gets affected by DIABETES MELLITUS which causes loss of glucose through urine and formation of harmful KETONE bodies.
Discussion
8243.

Question : What happens if rate of transpiration exceeds the rate of absorption of water?

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SOLUTION :The PLANT will SHOW WILTING.
Discussion
8244.

Question : What happens if a plant cell is treated with hypertonic solution ?

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Solution :When a plant cellis KEPT in a hypertonic solution, water leaves the cell due to EXOSMOSIS. As a RESULT of water LOSS, protoplasm shrinks and the cell membraneis pulled away from the cell wall and finally, the cell becomes flaccid. This PROCESS is named as plasmolysis.
Discussion
8245.

Question : What happens during growth of a cell :-

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K.I. decreases
K.I. increases
K. I. fluctuates
K. I. REMAINS constant

Answer :A
Discussion
8246.

Question : What happens due to deficiency of molybdenum in cauliflower?

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Solution :DUE to deficiency of Molybdenum, the cauliflower leaf is TRANSFORMED into a CYLINDRICAL structure called WHIPTAIL.
Discussion
8247.

Question : What gives yellow colour to faeces?

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SOLUTION : BILE PIGMENTS and its DERIVATIVES.
Discussion
8248.

Question : What forms the cambial ring in a dicot stem during the secondary growth?

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SOLUTION :Fascicular and intrafascicular STRIPS of MERISTEM.
Discussion
8249.

Question : What forces promote Glomerular filtration? What forces opposes them? What is meant by net filtration pressure?

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Solution :GLOMERULAR HYDROSTATIC pressure (55 mm Hg) is the force that promotes filtration. The colloidal osmotic pressure (30 mm Hg) and the capsular hydrostatic pressure (15 mm Hg) are the two opposing FORCES. The difference between the force promoting and opposing filtration is the net filtration pressure. It is RESPONSIBLE for filtration.
Net filtration pressure = Glomerular hydrostatic pressure – (Colloidal osmotic pressure + Capsular hydrostatic pressure).
Discussion
8250.

Question : What field does phytogerontology deals with?

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Solution : The branch of BOTANY which deals with AGEING, abscission and SENESCENCE is CALLED Phytogerontology.
Discussion