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8251.

Question : What features of the small intestine enables it to absorb digested food efficiently?

Answer»

Solution : Absorption is a process by which the end product of digestion PASSES through the intestinal mucosa into the blood and lymph. The VILLI in the LUMEN of ileum are the absorbing units, consisting of a lacteal DUCT in the middle surrounded by fine network of blood capillaries The process of absorption involves active, passive and facilitated transport.
Discussion
8252.

Question : What feature in prokaryotes substitutes for the spindle action in eukaryotes ?

Answer»

LOOPED DNA
Elongation of PLASMA membrane
Fission INSTEAD of cytokinesis
Centricles with asters

Answer :B
Discussion
8253.

Question : What evolutionary hypothesis could explain the heart's role in secreting a hormone that regulates renal function?

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Solution :The cardiac atrial cells secrete atrial natriuretic peptide or FACTOR. It travels to the kidney and increases blood FLOW to the glomerulus. It acts as vasodilator on the afferent arteriole and vasoconstrictor on efferent arteriole. It decreases aldosterone RELEASE for the adrenal CORTEX and decreases the release of renin Angiotensin-II. Health of the heart depends on the NORMAL blood pressure and hence evolution might have preserved atrial natriuretic factor which acts upon the renal function.
Discussion
8254.

Question : What essential role does the root endodermis play during mineral absorption in plants?

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Solution :lons are absorbed from the soil by both passive and active TRANSPORT. Specific proteins in the membranes of root hair cells actively pump ions from the soil into the cytoplasms of the EPIDERMAL cells. The endodermal cells have many transport proteins embedded in their plasma membrane, they let some solutes cross the membrane, but not others. Infact, transport proteins of endodermal cells are control points, where a plant adjusts the quantity and types of solutes that REACH the XYLEM.
Discussion
8255.

Question : What essential role does the root endodermis play during mineral absorption in plants ?

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Solution :Endodermis having casparian due to strip ABSORPTION of minerals is done by SYMPLAST PATHWAY.
Discussion
8256.

Question : What enzymes are found in the gastric juice?

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SOLUTION :PEPSIN, LIPASE are and RENIN.
Discussion
8257.

Question : What effect can fertilizer run off have on aquatic system?

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Solution :(i) When non-degradable substances ENTER the food chain, they do not get metabolized and instead get transferred up the tropic LEVELS of the food chain. During this process, they show an increase in concentration which is referred to as biomagnification. This results in increased toxicity and may even be lethal.
(ii) When run-off from land containing NUTRIENTS reaches water bodies like lakes, it results in dense growth of plant life. This phenomenon is called Eutrophication.
(iii) Natural aging oflakes also leads to nutrient enrichment of its water. In a lake, the water is cold and clear (oligotrophic stage), supporting little life.
(iv) With time, streams draining into the lake introduce nutrients such as NITRATES and phosphates, which encourage the growth of aquatic organisms.
(v) Aquatic plants and animal life grow rapidly, and organic remains begin to be deposited on the lake bottom (mesotrophic stage).
(vi) Pollutants from anthropogenic ACTIVITIES like effluents from the industries and homes can radically accelerate the aging process. This phenomenon is known as Cultural or Accelerated Eutrophication.
(vii) Nutrients stimulate the growth of algae, water hyacinth and can cause clogging of canals, nvers and lakes as well as, displacing native plants. It causes unsightly foam and unpleasant odours, and deprives the water of dissolved oxygen.
Discussion
8258.

Question : What does "Theory of Lineage" state? Give its significance.

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Solution : Rudolf Virchow (1858). It states that NEW CELLS are formed from the pre-existing cells
Discussion
8259.

Question : What does the filiform apparatus do at the entrance into ovule?

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It helps in the ENTRY of pollen tube into a SYNERGID
It prevents entry of more than one pollen tube into the embryo sac
It brings about OPENING of the pollen tube
It guides pollen tube from a synergid to EGG

Answer :A
Discussion
8260.

Question : What does the diagram indicate ?

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SOLUTION :The DIAGRAM INDICATES GENE FLOW
Discussion
8261.

Question : What does the abbreviation RME represent ?

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SOLUTION :Receptor-mediated endocytoiss.
Discussion
8262.

Question : What does 'S' refer to in a 70S and 80S ribosomes ?

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SOLUTION :S REFERS to SEDIMENTATION (or SVEDBERG) COFFICIENT.
Discussion
8263.

Question : What does 'S' refer in a 70S and an 80S ribosomes?

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SOLUTION :S' REFERS to Svedberg units named after Theoder Svedberg. The size of RIBOSOME and their SUBUNITS are REPRESENTED by Svedberg unit.
Discussion
8264.

Question : What does 'S' refer in a 70s and an 80S ribosome ?

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SOLUTION : .S. is KNOWN as unit of swedberg. It is known as sedimentation unit. It shows that how FAST ORGANELLE sedimentation rate is seen during ultracentriefugation.
Discussion
8265.

Question : What does Rh^(-v e) blood group mean?

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SOLUTION :It means absence of Rh ANTIGEN in the BLOOD.
Discussion
8266.

Question : What does 'RNA world' refer to?

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Solution :The term .RNA world. first USED by Walter Gilbert in 1986, HYPOTHESIZES RNA as the first genetic MATERIAL on earth. There is now enough EVIDENCE to suggest that essential LIFE processes (such as metabolism, translation, splicing etc.,) evolved around RNA. RNA has the ability to act as both genetic material and catalyst.
Discussion
8267.

Question : What does retina contain ?

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Solution :The inner layer of EYE is the retina and it CONTAINS THREE layers of CELLS from inside to outside ganglion cells, BIPOLAR cells and photocreceptor cells.
Discussion
8268.

Question : What does renal calculi refer to?

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Solution :Refers to STONES or INSOLUBLE MASS of CRYSTALLIZED salts fomed within the kidney.
Discussion
8269.

Question : What does phenomenon of red drop refer to?

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Solution :Emerson and LEWIS (1943) OBSERVED that rate of photosynthesis drops in RED LIGHT region above 680 nm.
Discussion
8270.

Question : What does peptide hormone do as it cannot cross the phospholipid cell mermbrane ?

Answer»

It COMBINES with CAMP
It BINDS to the RECEPTORS on the EXTERIOR cell SURFACE
It combines with steroids
It combines with adenylate cyclases

Solution : It binds to the receptors on the exterior cell surface
Discussion
8271.

Question :What does not filiform apparatus do at the entrance into ovule?

Answer»

it brings about OPENING of the pollen tube
it guides pollen tube from a synergid to EGG
it helps in the entry of pollen tube into a synergid
it prevents entry of more than ONE pollen tube into the embryo sac

Answer :C
Discussion
8272.

Question : What does middle ear contain ?

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Solution :The middle ear contains three ossicles CALLED malleus, INCUS and stapes which are attached to one another in a CHAIN LIKE fashion.
Discussion
8273.

Question : What does lymph contain?

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Solution :LYMPH CONTAIN blood plasma without RBCS, blood PLATELETS and plasma proteins required for blood clotting.
Discussion
8274.

Question : What does IUCN stand for?

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SOLUTION :INTERNATIONAL UNION for CONSERVATION of NATURE.
Discussion
8275.

Question : What does ICZN stand for?

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SOLUTION :INTERNATIONAL CODE of ZOOLOGICAL NOMENCLATURE.
Discussion
8276.

Question : What does hind brain comprise of ?

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Solution :The HINDBRAIN COMPRISES pons, cerebellum and medulla (also called the medulla OBLONGATA). Pons CONSISTS of fibre tracts that interconnect different REGIONS of the brain.
Discussion
8277.

Question : What does hypo thalamus control ?

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Solution :Temperature REGULATION, water balance humger, BLOOD pressure and REFLEX CENTRE for feeding, sleeping and emotions etc.
Discussion
8278.

Question : What does haemodialysis do?

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Solution :It SEPARATES smallmolecules like urea and OTHERS while retaining the LARGER ONES like proteins in blood plasma.
Discussion
8279.

Question : What does fluid-mosaic model of plasma membrane state?

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SOLUTION :PROTEIN icebergs in a sea of lipid MOLECULES
Discussion
8280.

Question : What does flora of an area mean?

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SOLUTION :PLANTS FOUND in that AREA.
Discussion
8281.

Question : What does CAN stands for?

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SOLUTION :CAN STANDS for CALCIUM AMMONIUM NITRATE.
Discussion
8282.

Question : What does axoplasm contain?

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SOLUTION :Axoplasm contain mitochondria, ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM and neurofibrils.
Discussion
8283.

Question : What does axial skeleton include?

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Solution :SKULL, vertebral COLUMN, STERNUM and ribs.
Discussion
8284.

Question : What does appendicular skeleton consist of ?

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Solution :It includes perctoral and pelvic GIRDLES, FORE LIMBS and HIND LIMB.
Discussion
8285.

Question : What does an enzyme do in terms of energy requirement of a reaction ?

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SOLUTION :LOWERS theactivation ENERGY of REACTION.
Discussion
8286.

Question : What does ANF do?

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Solution :ANF INHIBITS the RELEASE for RENIN from Juxtaglomerular APPARATUS
Discussion
8287.

Question : What does apoplast refer to?

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SOLUTION :Non-living MATTER in the INTERCELLULAR SPACE between the CELLS.
Discussion
8288.

Question : What does a soredium contain?

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SOLUTION :A few ALGAE cells SURROUNDED by fungal HYPHAE.
Discussion
8289.

Question : What does a museum preserve?

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Solution :It PRESERVES plants and animal SPECIMENS for STUDY and REFERENCE.
Discussion
8290.

Question : What does a cell show if placed in sea water?

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Plasmolysis
Reverse OSMOSIS
DEPLASMOLYSIS
NONE of these

ANSWER :A
Discussion
8291.

Question : What does a herbarium contain ?

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SOLUTION :Herbarium is a STORE house of collected plant SPECIMENS that are DRIED, pressed and preserved.
Discussion
8292.

Question : What do you understand by the term source and sink in plant physiology ?

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Solution :Source is DEFINED as any organ in plants which are capable of EXPORTING food materials to the areas of METABOLISM or to the areas of storage. Examples: Mature leaves and germinating seeds.

Sink is defined as any organ in plants which receives food from source. Example: Roots, tubers, developing FRUITS and immature leaves.
Discussion
8293.

Question : What do you understand by the term "Pomology"?

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SOLUTION :The branch of horticulture that DEALS with the study of fruits and their CULTIVATION is CALLED POMOLOGY.
Discussion
8294.

Question : Whatdo you understandby thetermlongtitudinal growth?

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Solution :The PLANT ORGANS originatingfromthe apicalmeristems passthrough a PERIODOF expansioninlengthand width. The roots and STEMS grow in lengthwith the helpof apicalmeristems . Thisis called primarygrowthor longitudinal growth .
Discussion
8295.

Question : What do you understand by the term developmental heterophylly.

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SOLUTION :In plants like Ficus heterophylla leaves vary from entire to variously lobed structures during DIFFERENT DEVELOPMENTAL stages. Young leaves are usually lobed or dissected and the mature leaves are entire. Such TYPE is KNOWN as developmental heterophylly.
Discussion
8296.

Question : What do you understand by the term facilitated diffusion?

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Solution :PROTEINS help to MOVE substances across membranes WITHOUT expenditure of ATP.
Discussion
8297.

Question :What do you understand by terms lignocolous and corticolous?

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SOLUTION :Lignocolous : GROWING on WOOD, Corticolous : Growing on BARK.
Discussion
8298.

Question : What do you understand by "pinning" of phage?

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SOLUTION :Once the CONTACT is established between tail fibre of PHASE and bacterial cell, tail fibre band to anchor the pins and base plate to the cell surface. This STEP is called pinning.
Discussion
8299.

Question : What do you understand by "pinning " of phage ?

Answer»

SOLUTION :Once the CONTACT is established between tail fibres of PHASE and BACTERIAL cell, tail fibres bend to anchor the pins and BASE plate to the cell surface. This step is called pinning.
Discussion
8300.

Question : What do you understand by photoperiodism and vernalisation?

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Solution :Describe their significance. Photoperiodism refers to the response of plants with respect to the duration of light (i.e. period of day and night)
On the basis of its response to the duration of light a plant is classified as a short day plant, a long day plant or a day neutral plant. Short day plants flower when they are exposed to light for a period less than the critical day length (for ex. Chrysanthemum) Long day plants flower when they are exposed to light for a period more than the critical day length (ex, radish).
When no marked correlation is observed between the duration of exposure to light and the FLOWERING response, plants are termed as day neutral plants (ex. tomato).
It is hypothesised that the hormonal SUBSTANCE responsible for flowering is FORMED in the leaves, subsequently MIGRATING to the shoot apices and modifying them into flowering apices.
Photoperiodism helps in studying the response of flowering in various crop plants with respect to the duration of exposure to light.
Vernalisation is the cold induced flowering in plant.
In some plants (such as the winter varieties of wheat and RYE and biennials such as carrot and cabbage) exposure to low temperature is necessary for flowering to be induced.
The winter varieties of rye and wheat are planted in autumn.
They remain in the seedling stage during winters and flower during summers.
However when these varieties are sown in spring, they fail to flower.
Similar response is seen in cabbage and radish.
Discussion