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15651.

Question : Liver is the largest gland and is associated with various functions, choose one which is not correct

Answer»

METABOLISM of carbohydrate
Digestion of fat
Formation of bile
Secretion of HORMONE CALLED gastric

Answer :D
Discussion
15652.

Question : Liver is able to manufacture vitamin :

Answer»

A
B
K
D

Answer :A
Discussion
15653.

Question : Liver is the largest gland and is associated with various functions, choose one which is not correct.

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METABOLISM of carbohydrate
Digestion of fat
Formation of bile
Secretion of HORMONE called GASTRIN

Solution :Secretion of Gastrin is done from pyloric part of STOMACH.
Discussion
15654.

Question : Liver in our body stores

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Vitamin A
Vitamin D
`"VitaminB_(12)`
All the above

Solution :(d) Liver cell SYNTHESIZE vitaminfrom carotene and STORE VITAMINS A,D and `B_(12)`.
Discussion
15655.

Question : Listed below are four respiratory capacities (a-d) andfour Jumbled respiratory volumes of a normal human adult. Which one is a correct matching ?

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(c) 1200 mL, (d) 2500 mL
(d) 3500 mL, (a) 1200 mL
(a) 4500 mL, (B) 3500 mL
(b) 2500 mL, (c) 4500 mL

Solution :See Answer for Q.55 from topic-2.
Discussion
15656.

Question : List various phases of plant growth.

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Solution :THREE pahses, Meristematic, elongation and MATURATION PHASE.
Discussion
15657.

Question : List various pathways involved in the homeostatic compensation in the case of severe dehydration.

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Solution :The below flowchart shows the pathways involved in the homeostatic compensation in case of severe dehydration.

i) If there is decreased extracellular fluid VOLUME, it increases sympathetic stimulation and decreases blood pressure and decreases fluid and sodium delivery to the distal TUBULE.
ii) This enhances SECRETION of RENIN.
iii) it CONVERTS angiotensinogen to angiotensen 1 and angiotensen 1 to angiotensen 2.
iv) This increase in the angiotensen 1 increases the secretion of aldosterone which increases the reabsorption of sodium by distal tubule and increased secretion of potassium.
v) The increase in angiotensen 2 increases thirst and reabsorption of sodium in the PCT.
Discussion
15658.

Question : List various hormones released from pituitary.

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Solution :(i) ANTERIOR lobe-TSH , ACTH , FSH , LH , ICSH , GH and prolactin
(ii) Middle lobe - MSH
(iii) Posterior lobe- OXYTOCIN and VASOPRESSIN (ADH)
Discussion
15659.

Question :List two main differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell.

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Solution :Prokaryotic cells have an incipient nucleus called NUCLEOID but lack the membrane-bound CELL organelles, while eukaryotic cells have true nucleus and membrane-bound cell organelles LIKE ER, Golgi body, MITOCHONDRIA, ETC.
Discussion
15660.

Question : List two fundamental properties of nerve cells.

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SOLUTION :(i) EXCITABILITY and (II) CONDUCTIVITY
Discussion
15661.

Question : List two functions of each of following cellular structures: (i) Vacubles (ii) Microfilaments (iii) Lysosomes

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Solution :(i) Vacuoles : (a) Their cell sap exerts turgor PRESSURE which HELPS in cell growth and counters wall pressure.
(b) These STORE water, pigments, minerals and wastes also.
(ii) Microfilaments : (a) These form a PART of cytoskeleton so help in cell SHAPE.
(b) These help in cyclosis of cytoplasm.
(iii) Lysosomes : (a) These help in digestion of exogenous nutrients as well as intracellular reserve food or some cell organelles.
(b) These help in self digestion of cell after the cell death so are also called suicidal bags.
Discussion
15662.

Question : List two factors which affect the rate of diffusion of a gas

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SOLUTION :Pressure/concentration GRADIENT, SOLUBILITY of gases and thickness of the membrane.
Discussion
15663.

Question : List two differences between sharks and rays.

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SOLUTION :In shark, GILLS slits lie on lateral sides of HEAD and pectoral fins are small, while in RAYS, gill slits lie on ventral sides and pectoral fins are large sized.
Discussion
15664.

Question : List three factors which influence water potential.

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SOLUTION :CONCENTRATION, PRESSURE and GRAVITY
Discussion
15665.

Question : List three features that characteristise bony fishes.

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Solution :1.These fishes have bony ENDOSKELETON.
2. The skin is COVERED by ganoid, cycloid or ctenoid scales
3. Gills are covered by an operculum.
4. They are ammonotelic.
5. They have mesonephric kidneys.
6. External fertilization is seen.
Discussion
15666.

Question : List three characters of Insecta.Give one example.

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SOLUTION :Body of 3 PARTS (Head, thorax and ABDOMEN), 3 PAIRS of legs and tracheal respiration e.g. cockroach
Discussion
15667.

Question : Listthevariustypes of cleavage seenin animals .

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SOLUTION :HOLOBLASTIC( equalandunequal) andmeroblsti(discoidal andsuperfical) .
Discussion
15668.

Question : List the unique features of bird's endoskeleton.

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SOLUTION :The endoskeleton of BIRDS is bony.
The long bones are HOLLOW with air cavities (pneumatic).
The BODY is COVERED by feathers.
Discussion
15669.

Question : List the three main parts of the axial skeleton.

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SOLUTION :
Discussion
15670.

Question : List the salient features ofBryophytes.

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Solution :Salient featuresof Bryophytes :
1. Plant body of bryophyte is gametophyte, not differentiated into root, stem and leaf like STRUCTURE.
2. Most of them are primitive land dwellers. Some of them are aquatic (Riella, Ricciocarpus).
3. The gametophyte is conspicuous, long lived phase of the life cycle . thalloid forms are present in liverworts and Hornworts.
4. In mosses leaf like, stem structures are present. in Liverworts thallus grows prostrate on the ground and is attached to the substratum by means of rhizoids.
5. Vascular tissues Xylem and phloem are absent, so called Non vascular CRYPTOGAMS.
6. Vegetative reproduction takes place by the formation of adventitious buds (Riccia fluitans).
Tubers develop in anthoceros. Gemmae are formed in Marchantia.
7. Sexual reproduction is oogamous. antheridia and Archegonia are produced in a protective covering and are multicellular.
8. The anthridia produces biflagellate antherozoids which swims in thin film of water and reach the archegonium and fuse with the egg to formdiploid zygote.
9. Water is essential for fertilization.
10. The zygote is the first CELL of the sporophyte generation. It undergoes MITOTIC division to form multicellular undifferentiated embryo. The embryogeny is exoscopic. The embryo divides and give rise to sporophyte.
11. The sporophyte is dependent on gametophyte.
12. it is differentiated in to three recognizable parts namely foot, seta and capsule.
13. The foot is the basal portion and is embedded in the gametophyte through which water and nutrients are supplied for the sporophyte.
14. The diploid spore mother cells found in the capsule region undergoes meiotic division and give rise to haploid spores.
15. In some sporophytes Elaters are present and help in dispersal of spores. Eg. Marchantia.
16. Bryophytes are homosporous.
17. The zygote, embryo and the sporogonium constitute sporophytic phase. The green long living haploid phase is called gametophytic phase.
18. The haploid gametophytic phase alternates with diploid and shows heterologous alternation of generation.
Discussion
15671.

Question : List the salient features of classical concept of gene.

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Solution :According to the classical concept of gene introduced by Sutton in 1902, genes have been defined as discrete particles that FOLLOW Mendelian rules of inheritance, occupy a definite locus in the chromosome and are responsible for the expression of specific phenotypic character. They show the following properties:
(i) Number of genes in each organism is more than the number of chromosomes: HENCE several genes are located on the same chromosome.
(ii) The genes are arranged in a single LINEAR order like beads on a string.
(III) Each gene occupies a specific position called locus.
(iv) Genes may exist in several alternate forms called alleles.
(v) Genes may undergo sudden change in positions and composition called mutations.
(vi) Genes are capable of self-duplication producing their own copies.
Discussion
15672.

Question : List the products of Glycolysis.

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Solution :(a) Pyruvic ACID (2 MOLECULES) , (B) 2 ATP molecules and (c ) 2 `NADH_2` molecules.
Discussion
15673.

Question : Which are the primary functions of leaves?

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Solution :PRIMARY FUNCTIONS of the leaf :
1. Photosynthesis
2. Transpiration
3. Gaseous EXCHANGE
4. Protection of buds
5. CONDUCTION of WATER and dissolved solutes
Discussion
15674.

Question : List the organs of human alimentary canal and name the major digestive glands with their location.

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Solution :Names of various parts of alimentary canal :
(i) Mouth, (ii) Pharynx, (iii) Oesophagus, (iv) Stomach (v) Small intestine, (VI) Large intestine, (vii) Rectum, (viii) Anus
Digestive glands :
(i) Salivary glands Secrete saliva in oral cavity/mouth.
(ii) LIVER : It is the biggest GLAND of the body. It is located in abdominal cavity below diaphragm. It secretes bile.
(iii) Pancreas : It is a gland located between .U. shaped part of duodenum. It ACTS as an endocrine as well as exocrine gland.
Discussion
15675.

Question :List the objectionable postulate of cell theory. In which way, it was modified in cell principle?

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Solution : Most OBJECTIONAL postulate of cell THEORY was that new cells are formed DE novo analogous to FORMATION of crystals. Later studies showed that new cells are formed by GROWTH and division of pre-existing cells.
Discussion
15676.

Question : List the objective of Animal breeding.

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SOLUTION :Objective of Animal BREEDING:
1. To improve GROWTH rate.
2. Enhancing the production of milk, meat, egg ETC.
3. Improved resistance to diseases.
Discussion
15677.

Question :List the names of the substances that are components ofcell wall.

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SOLUTION :CELLULOSE, HEMICELLULOSE, POLYSACCHARIDES andpectic SUBSTANCES
Discussion
15678.

Question : State the Munch Mass flow hypothesis.

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SOLUTION :`i`. When awoody or herbaceous plant is GIRDLED, the sap contains high sugar containingexudates from cut end.
ii. Positive concentrationgradient disappeards when PLANTS are defoliated.
Discussion
15679.

Question :List the main differences between mitosis and meiosis.

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SOLUTION :
Discussion
15680.

Question : List the hormones secreted by the following : (a) Hypothalamus , (b) Pituitary , (c ) Throid, (d) Parathyroid (e ) Adrenal, (f) Pancreas, (g) Testis , (h) Ovary (i) Thymus, (j) Actrium , (k) Kidney, (I) G-I Tract (M) Transmissionof a nerve impulse across a chemical synapse

Answer»

Solution :(a) Hypothalamus
Hormones secreted by the hypothalamus include Releasing Hormones. These hormones stimulate the secretions of the pituitary hormone. Examples of these hormones are :
Gondotrophin-releasing hormone
Thyrotrophin-releasing hormone
Somatotropin-releasing hormone
Adrenocorticotrophin-releasing hormone
Inhibiting Hormones inhibits the secretions of the pituitary hormone. Examples of these hormones are :
(b) Pituitary : The pituitary gland ha two component i.e., adenophypophysis and neurohypophysis. Hormones secreated by the adenohypophysis are :
Growth hormone (GH)
Prolactin
Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH )
Adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH)
Luteinzing hormone (LH)
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
Melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH) Hormones secreted by the neurohypophysis are :
Oxytocin
Vasopressin
(c) Thyroid : The thyroid glands secretes 3 hormones namely, thyroxin, triiodothyronin and calcitonin (t3 T4)
(d) PARATHYROID : Secretes a hormone known as parathyroid hormone.
(e ) Adrenal: The adrenal gland is divided into 2 parts, the outer adrenal cortex and the linner adenal medulla.
Hormones of adrenal cortex includethe following :
Mineralocorticoids: Secreted is known as aldosterone.
Glucocorticoids: secretes is cortisol.
Hormones of adrenalmedullla are adrenaline and nor-adrenalin.
(f) Pancreas insulin and glucagan .
(G) Testis: tetosterone,
(h) Ovary: estrogen and progresterone.
(i) Thymus: Hormones secreatedby the thymus and THYMOSINS,
(j) Atrium: The walls of the atrium secrete atrial natriuretic factor.
(k) Kidney: erythropoietin.
(I) G-I tract: Gartrin, secretion, chlecystokinin (CCK), and gastruc ihibitoary peptide (GIP).
Discussion
15681.

Question : List the hormones secreted by the following : (a) Hypothalamus , (b) Pituitary , (c ) Throid, (d) Parathyroid (e ) Adrenal, (f) Pancreas, (g) Testis , (h) Ovary (i) Thymus, (j) Actrium , (k) Kidney, (I) G-I Tract

Answer»

Solution :(a) Hypothalamus
Hormones secreted by the hypothalamus INCLUDE Releasing Hormones. These hormones stimulate the secretions of the pituitary hormone. Examples of these hormones are :
Gondotrophin-releasing hormone
Thyrotrophin-releasing hormone
Somatotropin-releasing hormone
Adrenocorticotrophin-releasing hormone
Inhibiting Hormones inhibits the secretions of the pituitary hormone. Examples of these hormones are :
(b) Pituitary : The pituitary gland ha two component i.e., adenophypophysis and neurohypophysis. Hormones secreated by the adenohypophysis are :
Growth hormone (GH)
Prolactin
Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH )
Adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH)
Luteinzing hormone (LH)
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
Melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH) Hormones secreted by the neurohypophysis are :
Oxytocin
Vasopressin
(c) Thyroid : The thyroid glands secretes 3 hormones namely, thyroxin, triiodothyronin and calcitonin (t3 t4)
(d) Parathyroid : Secretes a hormone known as parathyroid hormone.
(e ) Adrenal: The adrenal gland is divided into 2 parts, the outer adrenal cortex and the linner adenal medulla.
Hormones of adrenal cortex includethe following :
Mineralocorticoids: Secreted is known as ALDOSTERONE.
Glucocorticoids: secretes is cortisol.
Hormones of adrenalmedullla are adrenaline and nor-adrenalin.
(f) Pancreas insulin and glucagan .
(G) Testis: tetosterone,
(h) OVARY: estrogen and progresterone.
(i) Thymus: Hormones secreatedby the thymus and thymosins,
(j) Atrium: The walls of the atrium secrete atrial natriuretic factor.
(k) Kidney: erythropoietin.
(I) G-I TRACT: Gartrin, secretion, chlecystokinin (CCK), and gastruc ihibitoary peptide (GIP).
Discussion
15682.

Question : List the general characters of algae.

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Solution :i. Algae are chlorophyllous, photosynthetic aquatic organisms and they are eukaryotes.
ii. They are EITHER unicellular, colonial or multicellular. The multicellur algae PRODUCE branched or unbranched filaments.
III. Cell wall is made up of cellulose.
iv. Photosynthetic pigments are in plastids.
v. They show both asexual is by the fromation of spores and SEXUAL reproduction is by isogamy or anisogamy.
Discussion
15683.

Question : List the functions of air bladder in fishes.

Answer»

Solution :(a) AIR bladderhelps in gaseousexchange.
(B) It HELPSIN MAINTAINING byuyancy .
Discussion
15684.

Question : List the features that all vertebrates show at some point in their development.

Answer»

Solution :All vertebrates possess NOTOCHORD during embryonic stay. It is replaced by vertcbral column. All vertebrates possess pained appendages such as fins or lunits.
Skin is COVERED by protective skeleton comprising of scales, feathers, hairs, claws, NAILS ETC. Respiration is aerobic through gills, skin, buccopharyngeal cavity and lungs.
All vertebrates have a muscular heart with two, three or four chambers and kidneys for excretion and osmoregulation.
Discussion
15685.

Question : List the environmental factors which affect transpiration.

Answer»

SOLUTION :Light, TEMPERATURE, atmospheric HUMIDITY, wind and availability of WATER in the SOIL.
Discussion
15686.

Question : List the disorders of muscular system.

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Solution :MYASTHENIA GRAVIS, tetany, muscle FATIGUE, atrophy, muscle pull and muscular DYSTROPHY are the disorders of muscular system.
Discussion
15687.

Question : List the difference between the Mictrosporophyll and Magasporophyll.

Answer»

SOLUTION :
Discussion
15688.

Question : Listthe conditions of respirationsfor therespiratorysurface.

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Solution :The repiratorysurfacemust be,THIN( to allow diffusion), permeable (to both `O_(2)` and `CO_(2)` ) , MOIST (either with water or muscus), with large surfacearea, HIGHLY surface area , highly vascular ( to bind `O_(2)` and `CO_(2)`) and in directcontact with SOURCE of oxygen.
Discussion
15689.

Question : List the chemical changes that starch molecule undergoes from the time it reaches the small intestine.

Answer»

Solution :In the SMALL intestine, starch diesstion GETS COMPLETED the pancreatic juice contains pancreatic AMYLASES which acts on polysaccharide and convert into disaccharides (maltose). The secretions of the Brunner's gland ALONG with the secretions of the intestinal glands constitute the intestinal juice or succus entericus. It contains maltose, lactose and sucrose. These convert maltose, lactose and sucrose into monosaccharides, glucose and fructose.
`" Maltose " overset("Maltase") to " Glucose "`
`"Sucrose " overset("Sucrase") to " Glucose + Fructose" `
` " Lactose " overset("Lactase") to " Glucose + galactose " `
In the small intestine, complex carbohydrates are converted into simple glucose, fructose and galactose. These are absorbed by active transport.
Discussion
15690.

Question : List the characters of species.

Answer»

Solution :Species is a GROUP of individual ORGANISMS which have the following characters.
1. A population of organisms which closely RESEMBLE each other more than the other population.
2. They descend from a common ancestor.
3. In sexually REPRODUCING organisms, they interbreed freely in nature, producing fertile offspring.
Discussion
15691.

Question : List the characteristics features of Pigeon.

Answer»

Solution :1. The compact, boat shaped streamlined body of pigeon is well adapted for their aerial mode of life.
2. The body of pigeon is divisible into head, neck, trunk and tail. Head is comparatively small, spherical and situated at the anterior most part of the body.
3. Beaks present anteriorly are formed by the elongation of upper and lower jaw and they are devoid of teeth.
4. At the base of the beak are the external NOSTRILS overhung by a swollen, sensitive soft skin called cere.
Eyes are prominent, round and laterally present.
5. Eyes are protected by an upper eyelid, lower eyelid, and a transparent nictitating membrane.
6. Posterior to the eyes are the ear openings which lead to the tympanic membrane by a short tube, external auditory meatus.
7. Neck is flexible, cylindrical and long which connects the head with the trunk. The spindle shaped trunk bears a PAIR of wings and a pair of legs.
8. The cloacal aperture opens ventrally at the hind end of the trunk. Dorsally the base of the tail has a knob like papilla, which bears the opening of the preen gland or uropygial gland.
9. It is the only cutaneous gland present and its oily secretion is used for lubricating or PREENING the feathers.
10. The tail is used as a rudder in flight. Fore limbs are modified into wings. The wings have three typical regions, the upper arm (brachium), lower arm (ante-brachium) and the hand (manus).
11. Three clawless and imperfectly marked digits are present on each hand. While at rest, each forelimb in folded in the form of 'Z', during flight they are extended.
12. With the modification of the forelimbs for flight, the whole weight of the body is supported by the hind limbs, while the bird is at rest or walking, the hind limbs are therefore attached anteriorly from the trunk to balance the body and support the weight of the body at rest.
13. They are warm BLOODED or homeothermic,
Discussion
15692.

Question : List the characteristic features that distinguish cartilaginous fishes with living jawless fishes.

Answer»

SOLUTION :
Discussion
15693.

Question : List the bones of the Pectoral girdle.

Answer»

Solution :1. The upper limbs are attached to the pectoral girdles.
2. The girdle is formed of two halves. Each half of the pectoral girdle consists of a clavicle or collar BONE and a scapula.
3. Scapula has a slightly a slightly eleveted ridge called the spine which projects as a flat, expanded process called the acromion.
4. The clavicle articulates with this process. Below the acromion is a depression called the glenoid cavity which articulates with the head of the humerus to FORM the shoulder JOINT.
The Upper limb:
1. The upper limb consists of 30 separate bones and is specialized for mobility.
2. The skeleton of the arm is the humerus.
3. The head of humerus articulates with the glenoid cavity of the scapula and forms the shoulder joint.
4. The distal end of humerus articulates with the two forearm bones the radius and ulna.
5. The forearm is the region between the elbow and the wrist.
6. Olecranon process is situated at the upper end of the ulna which forms the poined portion of the elbow.
7. The hand consists of Carpals, Metacarpals and Phalanges.
Carpals, the wrist bones, 8 in number are arranged in two ROWS of tour each. The anterior surface of the wrist has tunnel-like appearance, due to the arrangement of carpals with the ligaments. This tunel is termed as carpal tunnel.
Metacarpals, the palm bones are 5 in number and Phalanges the digits bones are 14 in number.
Discussion
15694.

Question : List the advantage Herbarium.

Answer»

Solution :It SERVES as quick referral SYSTEM in taxonomic STUDIES. 2. ITIS a permanent and ready record of plant specimen. 3. it is used for knowing our bio-resources and BIODIVERSITY.
Discussion
15695.

Question : List the advantage of Taxonomic key

Answer»

SOLUTION :Each SPECIES in a group of ORGANISMS may be identified. 2. to HELP biologists to IDENTIFY the species.
Discussion
15696.

Question :List the adaptations seen in terrestrial animals.

Answer»

Solution :i. Earthworms, land planarians secrete a MUCUS coating to maintain a moist situation for burrowing, coiling resperation, etc.
ii.
Arthropods have an external covering over the respiratory surfaces and well developed tracheal systems.
iii. In vertebrate skin, well protected respiratory surfaces that help in preventing loss of water.
iv. Some animals obtain their water requiremet from food as partial replacement of water lost through exeretion.
v. Birds make nests and breed before the rainy season as there is availability of abundant food. But during drought birds rarely reproduce.
iv. Camels are able to regulate water EFFECTIVELY for evaporative COOLING through the skin and respiratory system and excrete highly concentrated urine, and can also withstand dehydration up to `25%` of their body WEIGHT.
Discussion
15697.

Question : Mention the different modes of asexual reproduction.

Answer»

SOLUTION :
Discussion
15698.

Question : List out the ways of vegetative propagation by Pteridophytes.

Answer»

SOLUTION :FRAGMENTATION, resting buds, root TUBERS and adventitious buds.
Discussion
15699.

Question : List out the various asexual spores produced by algae.

Answer»

SOLUTION :ZOOSPORES, APLANOSPORES, autospores, HYPNOSPORES, tetraspores and AKINETES.
Discussion
15700.

Question : List out the various rank or taxa of taxonomic hierarchy.

Answer»

SOLUTION :Kingdom, Phylum, CLASS, ORDER, Family, Genus, Species
Discussion