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This section includes InterviewSolutions, each offering curated multiple-choice questions to sharpen your knowledge and support exam preparation. Choose a topic below to get started.

16901.

Question : How many cervical vertebrae are present in humans?

Answer»

SOLUTION :7 CERVICAL VERTEBRAE
Discussion
16902.

Question :How many chambered heart is found in cockroach?

Answer»

4
9
11
13

Solution :13
Discussion
16903.

Question : How many bones from the skeleton of the face ?

Answer»

22
8
10
14

Solution :N//A
Discussion
16904.

Question : How many bones do humans have in the body?

Answer»

SOLUTION :206 BONES
Discussion
16905.

Question : How many bones are there in appendicular skeleton?

Answer»

80
120
126
206

Solution :126
Discussion
16906.

Question : How many ATP molecules could maximally be generated from one molecule of glucose, if the complete oxidation of one mole of glucose to CO_(2) and H_(2)O yields 686 kcal and theuseful chemical energy available in the high energy phosphate bond of one mole of ATP is 12 kcal ?

Answer»

ONE
Two
Thirty
Fifty seven

Answer :C
Discussion
16907.

Question : How many ATP molecules could maximally be generated from one molecule of glucose, if the complete oxidation of one mole of glucose to CO_(2) and H_(2)O yields 686 kcal and the useful chemical energy available in the high energy phosphate bond of 1 mole of ATP is 2 kcal ?

Answer»

57
3
2
30

Answer :A
Discussion
16908.

Question : How manyATP molecules are utilizedby C_(3)plantsto evolveone oxygen molecule.

Answer»

3
4
8
12

Answer :A
Discussion
16909.

Question : How many ATP molecules are required for synthesis of one molecule of glucose in : (i), pathway (ii)pathway?

Answer»

SOLUTION :ATP MOLECULES FORMED : `C_3` PATHWAY: 18 `C_4` pathway : 30
Discussion
16910.

Question : How many ATP molecules are produced from a molecule of glucose on it complete oxidation in eukaryotes ?

Answer»

SOLUTION :36 ATP.
Discussion
16911.

Question : How many abdominal segments are present in male and female Cockroaches?

Answer»

10,10
9,10
8,10
9,9

Answer :A
Discussion
16912.

Question : How lytic cycle differs from lysogenic cycle ?

Answer»

Solution :Lytic cycle is VIRULENT FORM of LIFE cycle. Lysogenic cycle is non-virulent or TEMPERATE form of life cycle. In lytic cycle, viral genome does not produce a repressor. A repressor is formed to check the destruction of host DNA in lysogenic cycle, DNA of host CELL is hydrolysed in lytic cycle. DNA of host cell is not harmed in lysogenic cycle
Discussion
16913.

Question :How lymph differs from blood?

Answer»

More RBC and LESS WBC
Less RBC and more WBC
RBC ABSENT and less RBC
RBC absent and more WBC

SOLUTION :RBC absent and less RBC
Discussion
16914.

Question : How lattice formation occurs in water molecule?

Answer»

Solution :TWO electronegative atoms of OXYGEN SHARE a HYDROGEN bonds of two water molecule. Thus, they can stick together by cohesion and RESULTS in lattice formation.
Discussion
16915.

Question :How large is the tree of Ficus developed from that tiny seed?

Answer»

SOLUTION :Very HUGE
Discussion
16916.

Question : How is urea formed in the human body? (OR) We are not consuming urea. But in our body urea is produced. Why?

Answer»

Solution :More toxic ammonia PRODUCED as a result of breakdown of amino ACIDS is converted into less toxic urea in the liver by a CYCLIC process called Ornithine cycle.
Discussion
16917.

Question :How is transpiration different from guttation ? Give two points.

Answer»

SOLUTION :
Discussion
16918.

Question : How is the study of plant anatomy useful to us?

Answer»

Solution :Study of the internal structure of the plant body is known as plant anatomy. It is an IMPORTANT basic SCIENCE which is helpful in understanding the COMPLEXITY of plant structure, ROLE of various tissues and determination of phylogeny. Besides anatomical features can be successfully employed in solving taxonomic problems. Besides, these features are proved useful inforensic science and pharmacology.
Discussion
16919.

Question : How is the study plant anatomy useful to us ?

Answer»

Solution :(1) The study of anatomy of plants help US to solve problems related of classification like, The identification of mixed SPECIES, coffee, tea, colour, vegetables, tobacco, saffron, asfoetida, plants, durgs other products.
(2) Internal steucture of wood HELPS to separate spurious and lower quality wood from STANDARD wood. Thus study of anatomy helps to recognize standard wood than lower quality wood which is used in construction, farniture, steamer and VEHICAL making.
(3) The study plant anatomy ius useful in medical science. That is source of ayurvedic substances. Their characteristices and their natural or upprepared medicines forms are associated with it.
(4) Forenic experts use knowledge of plant anatomy as plants and its products for solution of criminal case.
Discussion
16920.

Question : How is the process of micturition altered by toilet training?

Answer»

Solution :The process of release of urine from the bladder is called micturition or urination. It is controlled by CENTRAL nervous system and smooth muscles of sphincter. In young children, micturition cannot be controlled. By toilet training, one can temporarily POSTPONE the SIGNAL REACHING from the central nervous system to the MOTOR neurons carrying stimuli to the urinary bladder.
Discussion
16921.

Question : How is the mycorrhizal association helpful in absorption of water and minerals in plants?

Answer»

Solution :A mycorrhiza is a symbiotic association of a fungus with a root system of higher plants. The fungal filaments form a network around the young root or they penetrate the root cells. The hyphae have a very large surface area that absorb mineral ions and water from the soil from a much larger volume of soil that perhaps a root cannot do. The fungus PROVIDES MINERALS and water to the roots, in turn the roots provide SUGARS and N-containing compounds to the MYCORRHIZAE.
Discussion
16922.

Question : How is the intestinal mucosa protected from the acidic food entering from stomach ?

Answer»

Solution :The mucus and bicarbonates present in the GASTRIC JUICE PLAY an IMPORTANT role in lubrication and protection of the mucosal epithelium from excoriation by the highly concentrated hydrochloric acid (HCL).
Discussion
16923.

Question : How is the five kingdom classification advantageous over the two kingdom classification ?

Answer»

Solution :In two KINGDOM classification many unrelated ORGANISMS were kept under the same kingdom.
The two kingdom system of classification divided organisms into Plantae and Animalia. On the other hand the five kingdom classification is based upon more specific characters like-cell structure, body structure, nutrition, evolutionary relationships ETC.
Discussion
16924.

Question : How is the amplification of a gene sample of interest carried out using PCR ?

Answer»

Solution :(i) The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is an in virto amplification technique used for synthesising multiple identical COPIES (billions) of DNAof interest.
(ii) Denaturation, renaturation or primer annealing and synthesis or primer extension, are the three steps involved in PCR.
(iii) The double stranded DNA of interset is denaturated to separate into two individual strands by high temperautre. This is called denaturation.
(iv) Each strand is allowed to hybridize with a primer ( renaturation or primer annealing). The primer template is used to synthesize DNA by using Taq-DNA polymerase.
(v) During denaturation the reaction MIXUTRE is heated to `95^@ C` for a short time to denautre the target DNA into signle strands that will act as template for DNA synthesis.
(vi) Annealing is done by RAPID cooling of the mixutre , allowing the primers to bind to the sequences on each of the two strands flanking the target DNA .
(vii) During primer extension or synthesis the temperature of the mixture is increased to `75^@C` for a sufficient period of time to allow Taq DNA polymerase to extend each primer by copying the single stranded template. At the end of incubation both single template strands will be made partially double stranded. The new strand of each double stranded DNA EXTENDS to a variable distance downstream.
(viii) These steps are repeated again and again to gererate multiple forms of the desired DNA. This process is also called DNA amplification.
Discussion
16925.

Question : How is sulphur important for plants Name the amino acids in which it is present.

Answer»

Solution :SULPHUR is a macronutrient. It is absorbed in plants in the form of `SO_4^(-2)` ion. It is in constitution of vitamin, biotin and thiamin. It is useful in proteins, coenzyme A, amino ACID and sulphide and sinigrin.
Due to deficiency of sulphur, chlorosis occurs in matured leaves. Stem becomes hard and WOODY . Decreases the juice of sour fruits and makes YELLOW disease in leaves of tea.
Sulphur is seen in amino acid like systine and methionine.
Discussion
16926.

Question : How is synapse formed ?

Answer»

SOLUTION :A SYNAPSE is formed by the membranes of a presynaptic neuron and a post SYNAPTIC neuron, which MAY or may not be separated by a gap called synaptic CLEFT.
Discussion
16927.

Question : How is tetany caused?

Answer»

Solution :etany is caused when RAPID MUSCLE SPASMS occur in the MUSCLES due to deficiency of parathyroid hormone resulting in reduced calcium levels in the body.
Discussion
16928.

Question : How is respiration regulated?

Answer»

Solution :A specialised respiratory centre PRESENT in the medulla oblongata of the hind brain called respiratory rhythm centre is responsible for this regulation . Pneumotaxic centre present in pons varoli region of the brain moderatesthe function of the respiratory rhythm centre to ENSURE normal breathing . The chemosensitive area found close to the rhythm centre is HIGHLY sensitive to `CO_2` and `H^(+)` and `H^(+)` are eliminated out by respiratory process . Receptors associated with the aortic each and carotid artery send necessary signals to the rhythm centre for remedial ACTION . The ROLE of `O_2` is insignificant in the regulation of respiratory rhythm.
Discussion
16929.

Question : How is regulation and coordination achieved in animals ?

Answer»

Solution :In living organisms functions of the organs/organ SYSTEMS must be coordinated to maintain homeostasis.
Two or more organs, through the coordination process interact and complement the functions of one another. i.e. during physical EXERCISES rate of respiration, heart beat and circulation of blood increase. When physical exercise is stopped, the activities of all organs GRADUALLY return to their normal conditions.
Thus, during physical exercises, functions of muscles, LUNGS, heart, blood vessels, kidney and other organs are coordinated. In man, all physiological activities are jointly coordinated and regulated by nervous system and endocrine system.
Structural and functional unit of nervous system is Neuron. The neural system provides an organised network for a quick coordination.
The endocrine system provides chemical integration through HORMONES.
Discussion
16930.

Question : How is Pelvic gridle is adapted for conception?

Answer»

Solution :1. The ischium is a curved bar of BONE.
2. The V-shaped pubic bones articulate anteriorly at the pubic symphysis.
3. The pelvis of male is deep and narrow with LARGER HEAVIER bones and the female is shallow, wide and flexible in nature and this helps during pregnancy which is influenced by female HORMONES.
Discussion
16931.

Question :How is pearl formed?

Answer»

Solution :Pearl Formation:

1. When a foreign particle accidently enters into the space between mantle and shell of the oyster, it adheres to the mantle.
2. The mantle epithelium encloses it like a sac andstarts tosecrete concentric layers of NACRE around it as a defensive mechanism.
3.Nacre is secreted CONTINUOUSLY by the epithelial layer of the mantle and is deposited around the foreign particle and over a period TIME the formation of repeated layers of calcium carbonate makes the hard and glossy pearl.
4. When the pearl enlarges the oysters dies.
5. The shell is then carefully opened and the pearl are manually separated and graded.
Discussion
16932.

Question : How is naming of enzymes is done ? Describe types of enzymes with examples.

Answer»

Solution :`-` Thousands of enzymes have been discovered, isolated and studied.
- Most of these enzymes have been classified into different groups based on the type of reactions they catalyse.
- Enzymes are divided into 6 classes each with 4-13 subclasses and named accordingly by a four-digit number.
(1) Oxidoreductases/dehydrogenases : Enzymes which catalyse oxidoreduction between two substrates S and S. e.g.,
S REDUCED + S. oxidised `to`S oxidised + S. reduced.
(2) Transferases : Enzymes catalysing a transfer of a group, G (other than hydrogen) between a pair of substrate S and S. e.g.
`S - G + S. toS + S. - G`
( 3) Hydrolases : Enzymes catalysing hydrolysis of ester, ether, peptide, glycosidic, C-C, C-halide or P-N bonds.
(4) Lyases : Enzymes that catalyse removal of groups from substrates by MECHANISMS other than hydrolysis leaving double bonds.
`overset(X) overset(|)C-overset(Y)overset(|)C to X - Y + C = C`
Isomerases : Includes all enzymes catalysing inter-conversion of optical, geometric or positional isomers.
Ligases : Enzymes catalysing the linking together of 2 compounds, e.g., enzymes which catalyse joining of C-O, C-S, C-N, P-0 etc. bonds.
Discussion
16933.

Question : How is mitosis controlled?

Answer»


ANSWER :NA
Discussion
16934.

Question :How is male cockroach distinguished from female cockroach?

Answer»

SOLUTION :By the PRESENCE of the ANAL STYLES.
Discussion
16935.

Question : How is locomotion and movement, expressed by living organisms ? Explain,giving examples.

Answer»

Solution :Movement is one of the SIGNIFICANT characterstic of living organisms.
Animal and plants exhibits many types of movements.
In Amoeba, streaming of protoplasm is a simple FORM of movement.
Many other organisms shows movement by cilia, flagella and TENTACLES.
Human beings show movements of eyelids, tongue and limbs, jaws etc.
Some types of movements result in the change of place or location. Such voluntary movements are called locomotion.
Walking, RUNNING, climbing, flying, swimming are forms of locomotory movements.
Locomotory Structures need not to be different fro these affecting other types of movements.
In Paramoecium, cilia helps in the movement of food through cytopharynx and in locomotion as well.
Hydra can USE its tentacles for capturing prey and for locomotion.
Human beings use limbs for change in body postures and locomotion.
All these observations suggest that movements and locomotion can not be studied separately.
We can say that All locomotions are movements but all movements are not locomotions.
Plants also exhibit phototaxis or geotaxis movements.
In animals method of locomotion vary with their habitats and all the demand of situation.
Generally, locomotion is for the search of food, shelter, mating, breeding place, climatic conditions or escaping from enemies/predators.
Discussion
16936.

Question : How is it that the intracellular levels of K^+ are higher than extracellular levels in animal cells ?

Answer»

Solution :ION pathways are controlled. They are either closed or open. `NA^+ , K^+` and ATPase can change polarity in cell membrane.
When `3Na^+` moveout from cell membrane `2K^+` enter inside. So negative charge is formed compared to outside so the layer is polarised. Due to this REASON in CELLULAR state proportion of `K^+`is more compared to OUTER state.
Discussion
16937.

Question : How is it that in the gizzard its lining is not damaged whilethe soil containing sand particles is ground up?

Answer»

Solution :The gizzard is SURROUNDED by THICK layers of circular MUSCLES. Its internal wall GIVES out six hard chitinous plates, called teeth or proventricular plateswhich masticate the food.
Discussion
16938.

Question : How is it advantageous for an organism to be made of different kinds of cells instead ofone kind?

Answer»

Solution :Multicellular ORGANISMS have advantages over single celled organisms because is DIVISION of lobour. TISSUES perform a difinite SPECIALIZED function. It also increases the EFFICIENCY of body.
Discussion
16939.

Question : How is inter-cellular digestion advantageous over intra-cellular digestion?

Answer»

Solution :Because for intercellular DIGESTION, alimentary canal shows regional DIFFERENTIATION in which four DIFFERENT parts are SPECIALIZED to perform different functions which increases its efficiency.
Discussion
16940.

Question : How is digested fat absorbed in the alimentary canal?

Answer»

Solution :In the intestinal lumen, long chain fatty acids, monoglycerides, CHOLESTEROL and bile salts aggregate to form mixed MICELLES which are water soluble. These are taken by intestinal mucosal cells by pinocytosis. Inside the mucosal cells, fatty acids and monoglycerides react to form triglycerides which are covered by a coat of `beta`-lipoproteins to form chylomicrons which are released in lymph capillaries CALLED LACTEALS.
Discussion
16941.

Question : How is conduction of nerve impulse occur?

Answer»

Solution :Neurons are excitable cells because their membranes are in a polarised state.
DIFFERENT types of ion channels are present on the neural membrane. These ion channels are selectively permeable to different ions.
When a neuron is not conducting any impulse, i.e., resting, the axonal membrane is comparatively more permeable to `K^(+)` and nearly impermeable to `Na^(+)`. SIMILARLY, the membrane is impermeable to -vely charged proteins present in the axoplasm.
The axoplasm inside the axon contains high concentration of `K^(+)` and -vely charged proteins and low concentration of `Na^(+)`. In contrast, outside the axon `K^(+)` low concentration and high concentration of `Na^(+)` forms a concentration gradient.
These ionic gradients across the resting membrane are maintained by transport of `3Na^(+)` outwards and `2K^(+)` inside the cell.
As a result, the outer surface of the axonal membrane is `+`vely charged and its inner surface becomes -vely charged and therefore it is polarised.
The electrical potential difference across the resting membrane is called the resting potential.
When a stimulus is applied at point A on the polarised membrane, it becomes freely permeable to `Na^(+), Na^(+)` influx is followed by the reversal of the polarity, i.e. outer membrane is -vely charged and inner side is `+`vely charged.
The polarity at the site A is reversed and hence depolarised. The electrical potential difference across the plasma membrane at the site A is called action potential which is infact termed as NERVE impulse.
At SITES immediately ahead, the axon membrane has `+ve` charge on the outer surface and a `-ve` charge on its inner surface. As a result, a current flows on the inner surface from site A to site B. On the outer surface current flows from site B to site A to complete the circuit of current flow. Hence, the polarity at the site is reversed and an action potential is generated at the site B.
Thus, impulse (action potential) generated at site A arrives at site B.
The sequence is repeated along the length of the axon and consequently the impulse is conducted.
The rise in the stimulus induced permeability to `Na^(+)` is short lived. It is quickly followed by the rise in permeability to K. Within a fraction of a second, `K^(+)` diffuses outside and restores the resting potential of the membrane.

Diagrammatic representation of impulse conduction through an axon (at points A and B)
Discussion
16942.

Question : How is chlorophyll 'a' synthesized?

Answer»

SOLUTION :1. Chlorophyll is synthesized from intermediates of RESPIRATION and photosynthesis.
2. Succinc acid an INTERMEDIATE of kreb.s cycle is activated by the addition of Coenzyme A and it reacts with a simple amino acid glycine and the reaction GOES on to
Discussion
16943.

Question : How is cambium ring formed?

Answer»

SOLUTION :By JOINING of fascicular and INTER fascicular CAMBIUM TOGETHER.
Discussion
16944.

Question : How is appendicular skeleton is formed. Describe its various parts with diagram.

Answer»

SOLUTION :The bones of the limbs alongwith their girdles constitute the appendicular skeleton.
(i) Fore limb - Each limbs is made up of 30 bones.
Bones of fore limb :
Hand (Humerus) - 1
Forearm (Radioulna) - 2
Wrist (Carpals) - 8
Palm (Metacarpals) - 5
Fingers (Phalanges) - 14
`bar (30)`
(ii) Hind limb - It has 30 bones
Thigh (Femur)- 1
Shank (Tibia-fibula) (Patella) - 2+1=3
Ankle (Tarsals) - 7
Sole (Metatarsals) - 5
Fingers (Phalanges) - 14
`bar (30)`

Femur is the longest and STRONGEST bone of the body.
Bones of hind limb provide strength to lift weight of body in standing position, maintains balance of the body. Also helps in locomotion.
(iii) Girdles : help in the articulation of the upper and lower limbs respectively with the Axial skeleton.
Pectoral girdle : each half of the pectoral girdle consists of a clavicle and a scapula.
Scapula is a large triangular flat bone situated in the dorsal part of the thorax between the `2^(ND)` and `7^(th)` ribs.
The dorsal, flat, triangular body of scapula has a slightly elevated RIDGE called the spine which projects as a flat, expanded process called the Acromion. The clavicle bone articulates with this.
Below the acromion is a depression called glenoid cavity which articulates with the head of the humerus to form the shoulder joint.
Each clavicle is a LONG slender bone with two curvatures. this bone is commonly called the collar bone.
Pelvic girdle : Pelvic girdle consists of two coxal bones.
Each coxal bone is formed by the fusion of three bones - ilium, ischium and pubis.
At the point of fusion of the above bones is a cavity caled acetabulum to which the thigh bone articulates.
The two halves of the pelvic girdle meet ventrally to form the public symphysis containing fibrous cartilage.
Pelvic region of female is broader than male, so as to bear foetus during pregnancy.
Discussion
16945.

Question : How is a pinnately compound leaf different from a palmately compound leaf?

Answer»

Solution :Pinnately compound leaf : In a pinnately compound leaf, a number of leaflets are present on a COMMON axis, the rachis, which REPRESENTS the midrib of the leaf as in neem.
Palmately compound leaf : In palmately compound LEAVES, the leaflets are ATTACHED at a common point, i.e., at the tip of petiole as in silk cotton.
Discussion
16946.

Question : How is a key helpful in the identification and classification of an organism?

Answer»

Solution :Key is a TAXONOMIC AID for identification of UNKNOWN organism BASED on SIMILARITIES and dissimilarities.
Discussion
16947.

Question : Taxonomic key is one of the taxonomic tools in the identification and classification of plants and animals. It is used in the preparation of

Answer»

Solution :Key is taxonomical aid used for identification of PLANTS and animals based on the similarities and DISSIMILARITIES.
The keys are based on the contrasting characters generally in a pair called couplet.
It represents the CHOICE made between two opposite options.
This RESULTS in acceptance of only one and rejection of the other.
Each statement in the key is called a lead.
Separate taxonomic keys are required for each taxonomic category such as family, genus and species for identification purposes.
Keys are generally analytical in NATURE.
Discussion
16948.

Question : How important is the presence of air bladder in fishes?

Answer»

Solution :AIR BLADDER ACTS as a buoyancy REGULATOR in fishes.In some it acts as a lung
Discussion
16949.

Question : How. important is the presence of air bladder in bony fishes?

Answer»

Solution : Air bladder is very important for BUOYANCY. It is present in bony FISHES they can GO down and come up by REMOVING and filling up GASES in air bladder.
Discussion
16950.

Question : How important is the presence of air bladder in Pisces?

Answer»

Solution :Air bladder, present in the members of class Osteichthyes of Pisces is very important as it REGULATES BUOYANCY. OTHERWISE, they have to SWIM constantly TOAVOID sinking.
Discussion