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17601.

Question : Give scientific reasons : The members of class - Deuteromycetes are considered the fungi imperfecti.

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Solution :Deuteromycetes is an artificial CLASS of fungi which has been created to include all these fungi on which sexual STAGE is either absent or not known. Their mycelium is USUALLY septate. Coenocytic FORMS are not known.
Discussion
17602.

Question : Give scientific reasons : Slime moulds are called fungus animals.

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Solution :SLIME moulds possess the characters of both ANIMALS and fungi. Therefore they are commonly called fungus animals. MODERN biologists called them PROTISTAN fungi. They are like protozoa in their amoeboid plasmodial stage and similar to true fungi in SPORE formation.
Discussion
17603.

Question : Give scientific reasons : Sessile animals are common in aquatic habitats.

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Solution :This is because it is relatively easy for them to collect FOOD which typically is pushed in the animal.s direction by WATER CURRENTS. By contrast, very few SESSILE animal have evolved on land.
Discussion
17604.

Question : Give scientific reasons : Reproduction cannot be the defining characteristic of living organisms.

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Solution :There are many organisms, which never reproduce in their life, although all other characteristic of living THINGS are present in them eg. sterile WORKER bees, mules, INFERTILE human couples etc.
HENCE reproduction cannot be an all inclusive defining property of living things.
Discussion
17605.

Question : Give scientific reasons : Pneumatic bones are present in birds.

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Solution :The empty space in pneumatic bones HELPS in weight REDUCTION of skeleton in BIRDS. It is a kind of flight ADAPTATION in birds.
Discussion
17606.

Question : Give a reason : Pancreas is endocrine as well as exocrine gland.

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Solution :ISLETS of Langerhans located in pancreas secrete Glucagon and Insulin.
These hormones are transported by blood and reach till work field so it is a ductless endocrine gland.
Pancreatic JUICE secreted from pancreas REACHES to duodenum by. common bile duct through pancreatic duct. That POSSESSES various DIGESTIVE juices. Thus it is exocrine gland having duct.
Discussion
17607.

Question : Give scientific reasons of the following statement :

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Solution :(i) Surface of the cerebrum is highly folded toincrease the area for having more neurons.
(ii) Synapse acts as a one-wayvalve because neurotransmitter is secreated at the terminal knobs of axononly while dendrite membrane (post-synaptic membrane) has the enzyme to BREAK this neurotransmitter.
(iii) It is so becausenerve impulsein medullated nerve fibre jumpsfrom node to node (saltatory TRANSMISSION).
(iv) Antagonistic actions of the two systems HELP maintain homeostasis in the BODY.
(v)It is so because it is an acquired behaviour and not INBORN (inheriated) behaviour.
Discussion
17608.

Question : Give scientific reasons : Lichens play important role in biological succession and soil formation.

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SOLUTION :Lichens growing on rock secrete organic acid like OXALIC acid. This acid enter the rock and produce a number of crevices. Dust and organic matter collect in the crevices. Mass spores are able to grow over such crevices and START the PROCESS of SUCCESSION and soil formation.
Discussion
17609.

Question : Give scientific reasons : Non living things also grow.

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SOLUTION :Non living things also grow.
Foe EXAMPLE, a mountain or sand dune GROWS by accumulating material externally on their surface.
But this growth is CONSIDERED as EXTERNAL growth in comparison to the growth of living things which is internal.
Discussion
17610.

Question : Give scientific reasons : Liver though not taking part in the process of digestion is an important accessory digestive gland.

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Solution :Bile juice secreted by liver possesses inorganic salts - `Na_2CO_3` and `NaHCo_3` which provides basic medium to food in duodenum. Enzymes of pancreatic juice become active in ALKALINE medium and can take part in the process of digestion.
Bile juice contains organic salts sodium Torocollate and sodium glycolate. They help in digestion of FAT through emulsification and saponification.
Thus though liver does not secrete digestive ENZYME, plays important role in digestion so it is an important digestive gland.
Discussion
17611.

Question : Give scientific reasons : Knowledge of classification is very useful.

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Solution :NUMBER of LIVING organisms are seen on earth.
They VARIED in their shape, FORM, size and habit.
Some of them are identified and some are not.
KNOWLEDGE of classification is useful to identify these unidentified organisms.
Discussion
17612.

Question : Give scientific reasons :In pteridophytes development of zygote inside female gametophyte is considered as important phase.

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Solution :•Because in PTERIDOPHYTES FEMALE gametophyte is maintained on parent SPOROPHYTE for either short or long period. In these plants zygote is DEVELOPED in female gametophyte as young Embryo. This event is a precursor seed habit that is considered as an important phase in evolution.
Discussion
17613.

Question : Give scientific reasons : Insects are most successful group of animals.

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SOLUTION :This is because they have survived many ENVIRONMENTAL changes and are adapted in different WAYS. They have exoskeleton and carry on HIGH rate of reproduction. They can reach so many different kind of food. They have adapted specialized MOUTH parts to suit the feeing habits.
Discussion
17614.

Question : Give scientific reasons : Heterodontic dentition is seen in human beings.

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Solution :Human beings have FOUR different type of teeth namely canine, incisors, premolars and Molars. This type of dentition is called Heterodont.
Incisors are like SPADE they help food in CUTTING and tearing.
Premolars and molars possesses broad surface. They help to chew, grind the food.
Discussion
17615.

Question : Give scientific reasons : Having flat body is an advantage among flatworms.

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Solution :This is because they LACK circulatory and respiratory system, the flat body enables each body cell to remain NEAR the external body surface to exchange respiratory GASES and near the digestive tract to obtain NUTRIENTS as well. Among tapeworms the digestive system is absent. So the nutrients are also absorbed through the body surface.
Discussion
17616.

Question : Give scientific reasons : Food tastes sweet after chewing

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Solution :SALIVARY GLAND is located in mouth. Saliva mixes with food with the PROCESS of chewing. It makes it SOFT and smooth.
Enzyme ptylin present in saliva digests STARCH and converts it into maltose. Maltose is a disaccharide which is sweet in taste. So food tastes sweet after chewing.
Discussion
17617.

Question : Give scientific reasons : Excretory substances are seen in Bile juice

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Solution :Bile juice secreted from liver does not contain any DIGESTIVE enzyme. It contains bile salts, bile pigments which are PRODUCED from DECOMPOSITION of Haemoglobin are seen.
Moreover it contains cholesterol, PHOSPHOLIPID, `Ca^(+ +)`etc. So they are called exocrine SUBSTANCES.
Discussion
17618.

Question : Give scientific reasons : Euglena is also called plant animal.

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SOLUTION :Euglena is a taxonomic puzzle SINCE, it show both PLANT and animal characters. Absence of cell wall is an animal FEATURE and presence of chloroplast is a plant character of Euglena. They also have mixotrophic NUTRITION. In the presence of sunlight, they can photosynthesis their food and in absence of sunlight they are heterotrophs by predating other smaller organisms.
Discussion
17619.

Question : Give scientific reasons :Cone bearing plants possess pointed thick cuticled leaves.

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Solution :• Because cone bearing plants are FOUND in less water availability AREA. So their leaves are ADAPTED to bear extremity of temperature, humidity and wind. Their pointed NEEDLE like leaves decrease their surface. Their thick CUTICLE and sunken stomata help to reduce water loss.
Discussion
17620.

Question : Give scientific reasons : Classification is essential for understanding inter-relation among living organisms.

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Solution :All organisms have direct or indirect inter-relations.
Classification and identification of organisms require laboratory as well as field studies.
Taxonomical studies are useful in AGRICULTURE, forestry, industry and in general knowing our bio-resources and their diversity.
Flora and FAUNA of various geographical regions can be PREPARED through TAXONOMIC study.
Discussion
17621.

Question : Give scientific reasons : Chrysophytes are considered as the chief producers in the ocean.

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Solution :Organisms like diatoms and DESMIDS are CALLED chrysophytes. They are found in both MARINE and FRESHWATER FORM and constitute the major phytoplanktons. Therefore they are the chief producers in the oceans.
Discussion
17622.

Question : Give scientific reasons : Birds show adaptations for flight.

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Solution :Fore limbs are MODIFIED into LUNGS are PRESENT for FLYING in animals.
Body is stream-lined, divided into head, neck, trunk and tail.
Bones are porous and hollow which help them in flying.
Respiration takes place through lungs and air sacs are associated with lungs, help in flying. Such adaptations help animals for flight.
Discussion
17623.

Question : Give scientific reasons : Aschelminthes are called pseudocoelomata.

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SOLUTION :In the animal of PHYLUM aschelminthes mesoderm is PRESENT as scattered pouches. It is called pseudocoelom and animals are called pseudocoelomates.
Discussion
17624.

Question : Give scientific reasons : Amphibia shows hibernation and aestivation.

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Solution :Amphibians are cold blooded (poikilothermic) ANIMALS.
In winter and summer season, they BURIES deep in the dried lakes or ponds and remain inactive, survive extreme increase or decrease in TEMPERATURE.
THUS, amphibia show hibernation and aestivation.
Discussion
17625.

Question : Give scientific reasons : Annelids are evolutionary precursors of molluscs.

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Solution :ANNELIDS are considered evolutionary precursors of MOLLUSCS as they do not have metameric SEGMENTATION. Besides, its trochophore larva, it has structural similarities to annelid trochophore larva. These EVIDENCES SUGGEST that molluscs have descended from annelids.
Discussion
17626.

Question : Give scientific reasons : All the organisms are not yet identified on the earth.

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Solution :There are diverse HABITATS on the earth hosting millions of living organism.
Due to limited NUMBER of taxonomists, absence of thorough survey of different areas and occurrence of several inaccessible regions e.g. hot SPRINGS, under water REEFS etc. it is difficult to identify all the organisms.
Discussion
17627.

Question : Give scientific reasons : Amphibia shows adaptation for terrestrial as well as aquatic life.

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SOLUTION :Animals lives in or NEAR water habitat.
Skin is devoid of scales, EXOSKELETON, major respiratory organ when in water.
Hind limbs are webbed, swimming
Fertilization occurs in water, metamorphosis in water only.
Such adaptation ENABLES animal for amphibian LIFE.
Discussion
17628.

Question : Give scientific reasons : Algae are the best important primary producers.

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Solution :•Because at least half of the total carbon dioxide fixation on the earth is carried out by algae through photosynthesis. Being photosynthetic they increase the LEVEL of dissolved oxygen in their immediate environment. They FORM the basis of food CYCLES of animals. Most of marine algae are useful as food. Many commercial products are also FORMED from algae such as Algin, CARRAGEEN.
Discussion
17629.

Question : Give scientific names of the following. Liver fluke, Planaria, Jellyfish, Roundworm.

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SOLUTION :LIVE fluke-Fasciola, Planaria-Dugesia, JELLY fish-Aurelia, Roundworm-Ascaris.
Discussion
17630.

Question : Give scientific name of Banyan tree.

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SOLUTION :FICUS bengalensis.
Discussion
17631.

Question : Give reasons for the following statementsSaliva of Leech contains hirudin

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Solution :Leech is a BLOOD -sucking ectoparasite and so the enzyme hirudin in its SALIVA PREVENTS CLOTTING of blood so that it can feed continuously on the blood of the heat
Discussion
17632.

Question : Give reasons for the following statementsEndoparasites are devoid of respiratory and circulatory systems

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SOLUTION :This is an ADAPTATION for ENDOPARASITE MODE of LIFE
Discussion
17633.

Question : Give reasons for the following statements. Paralysed persons do not show a reflex action.

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SOLUTION :Damaged or non-functional BRAIN or spinal cord or CNS and motor neurons are all RESPONSIBLE for paralysis. Hence they do not show REFLEX action.
Discussion
17634.

Question : Give reasons for the following statements. Impulse travels faster in the central nervous system than the peripheral nervous system.

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SOLUTION :The neurons of CNS are myelinated, so saltatory CONDUCTION occurs and hence impulse travels faster in CNS.
Discussion
17635.

Question : Give reasons for the following statements. Cleaning the ear with sharp objects is harmful

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SOLUTION :Doing so will damage or DESTROY the tympanum or EAR DRUM
Discussion
17636.

Question : Give reasons : Plants begin to die when excess of soluble fertilizers are added to the soil.

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SOLUTION :Becuause of plasmolysis of plant cellsdue to HYPERTONIC solutions CREATED byexcess of FERTILIZERS in the soil.
Discussion
17637.

Question : Give reason for the following Green leaves are thin and broad.

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SOLUTION :Green teaves are THIN and broad so that more surface area is exposed to SUNLIGHT for photosynthesis.
Discussion
17638.

Question : Give quantitative comparison of growth rate ?

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Solution :
The quantitative comparisons between the growth of living system is done in following two WAYS:
(1) Absolute Growth Rate : It is known to be the measurement and the comparison of total growth per unit time.
(2) Relative Growth Rate : It is the growth of the given system per unit time expressed on a common basis, e.g., per unit initial parameter.
Leaves A and B shown in the FIGURE have grown 5 cm. in one day. Although their size are different i.e. 5 CM2 and 50 cm? respectively but both of then show absolute increase in AREA in the given time to given leaves A. a in both cases.
Out of these two, the relative growth rate is higher or FASTER in leaf `A^(1)`
Discussion
17639.

Question : Give possible terms explaining the gynoecium of a flower liliaceae

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Solution :
Tricarpellary, Trilocular, SYNCARPOUS, 2 ovules in 1. Each OVULE has AXILE PLACENTATION.
Discussion
17640.

Question : Why are mitochondria and chloroplast called as semi autonomous organelles .

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Solution :MITOCHONDRIA & CHLOROPLASTS are considered as semi-autonomoius organelle due to following FACTS.
(a) Both mitochondria & chloroplasts have their own DNA, which can replicate INDEPENDENTLY.
(b) They have their own ribosomes by which they self-synthesize same of their proteins without depending on CELLULAR DNA.
Discussion
17641.

Question : Give one structural difference between chlorophylla and chlorophyll b.

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SOLUTION :CHLOROPHYLL a has a METHYL group `(-CH_(3))`while chlorophyll b has an ALDEHYDE group (-CHO) in the SIDE chain.
Discussion
17642.

Question : Comment upon the following : Wilted lettuce becomes crisp/firm when placed in cold water for a while .

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Solution :Wilted LETTUCE leaves when kept in coldwater ABSORB water through ENDOSMOSIS. The CELLS become TURGID and leavesbe come crisp.
Discussion
17643.

Question : Give one point of difference between Chlorophyll a and Chlorophyll b.

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Solution :Chlorophyll a BEARS-`CH_3` group at the POSITION X, Chlorophyll B bears CHO group instead of -`CH_3` group.
Discussion
17644.

Question : Main difference between chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b is

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Solution :Chlorophyll a bears `CH_3` GROUP at the POSITION of X, on the other HAND chlorophyll b bears -CHO group.
Discussion
17645.

Question : Give one major difference between active processes and passive processes.

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SOLUTION :Active processes include TRANSPORT of MATERIALS in the PRESENCE of energy while passive processes include transport of materials in the absence of energy.
Discussion
17646.

Question : Give one function of the Medulla .

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Solution : MEDULLA CONTROLS respiration, HEART RATE, VOMITING and swallowing.
Discussion
17647.

Question : Give one function of theHypothalamus

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Solution : Hypothalamus REGULATE BODY TEMPERATURE, USAGE for eating anddrinking
Discussion
17648.

Question :Give one example of imbibition.

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SOLUTION : SWELLING of SEED when PUT in water/moist SOIL.
Discussion
17649.

Question : Give one example of dedifferentiation in plants.

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SOLUTION :MERISTEMS responsible for SECONDARY growth LIKE CORK cambium.
Discussion
17650.

Question : Give one difference between ribosomes of chloroplast and cytoplasmic ribosomes.

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SOLUTION :
Discussion