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18201.

Question : Differentiate between : Basophils and Eosinophils .

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SOLUTION :
Discussion
18202.

Question : Differentiate between : (b) Dendrites and axons

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Solution :Dendrites : Short fibres which branch repeatadely and project out of the cell body. Also contain Nissl.s GRANULES. They transmit IMPULSES towards the cell body.
Axon : Long fibre, DISTAL end of which is BRANCHED. Each branched terminal has bulb like structure synaptic knob, It contains synaptic vesicles containing neurotransmittors. The axon transmits nerve impulses away from the cell body to synapse or neuro-muscular JUNCTION.
Discussion
18203.

Question : Differentiate between Ascus and basidium

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Solution :Ascus is a spherical, cylindrical or club-shaped STRUCTURE in which usually eight ascospores are formed endogenously. They are the CHARACTERISTIC feature of the members of Ascomycotina. Whereas, basidium is ALSO a club-shaped structure but here basidiospores are formed exogenously on minute STALKS, the sterigmata. They are thecharacteristic feature of the members of Basidiomycotina.
Discussion
18204.

Question : Differentiate between Ascus and ascocarp

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Solution :Ascus is a spherical, cylindrical or club-shaped structure in which FUSION of haploid nuclei occurs during SEXUAL reproduction, followed by reduction division and formation of usually eight haploid ascospores. While ascocarp is a general term for the fruiting BODY of an ascomycete fungus. The ASCI are PRODUCED inside theascocarp.
Discussion
18205.

Question : Differentiate between Archaebacteria and eubacteria

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Solution :Archaebacteria are characterised by possessing cell walls without PEPTIDOGLYCAN, a substance found in the walls of EUBACTERIA. The lipids in their plasma membrane are branched, DIFFERING not only from those of other bacteria. This UNUSUAL lipid makup is probably related to the extreme environments to which they have adapted. The phototrophic forms use the pigment bacteriorhodopsininstead of bacteriochlorophyll used by eubacteria.
Discussion
18206.

Question : Differentiate between Apothecium and perithecium

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Solution : Apothecium is a CUP or disc-shaped fruiting body in which the asci form a definite hymenium layer on its upper surface and remains exposed. Whereas, perithecium is a rounded or flask-shaped fruiting body, provided with a definite apical OPENING, known as ostiole. The asci are arranged in a parallel MANNER on the FLOOR andthe basal sides of the flask-shaped structure.
Discussion
18207.

Question :Differentiate between apoplast and symplast pathway of water movement in root.

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Solution : Apoplast Pathway :
1. It consist of non-living parts of plant body (cellwall)
2. There is LITTLE resistance in the movement of water. It is faster.
3. Matabolic STATE of root does not affect apoplast pathway.
Symplast Pathway
1. It consist of living partof plant body (protoplast PLASMODESMATA).
2. Resistance takes place. It is slower.
3. Metabolic state of root directly affects symplast pathway.
Discussion
18208.

Question : Differentiate between apocarpous and syncarpous ovory.

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Solution :When more than one carpel is present and they are free than OVARY is apocarpous. e.g. LOTUS, ROSE. When the CARPELS are fused than ovary is called as syncarpous eg mustard, TOMATO.
Discussion
18209.

Question : Differentiate between Apocarpous and syncarpous ovary

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Solution :When more than one CARPEL is PRESENT and if they are free, the CONDITION is known as apocarpous. On the other hand, if the CARPELS are fused, the condition ISTERMED as syncarpous.
Discussion
18210.

Question : Differentiate between Anticlinal and periclinal cell division

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SOLUTION : The plane of DIVISION of CELLS, approximatelyat right angles to outer surface of plant part is knownas anticlinal division. On the other hand, the plane of division of cells, running PARALLEL to the surface of plantpart is known as periclinal division.
Discussion
18211.

Question : Differentiate between Antheridia and Archegonia.

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Solution :ANTHERIDIA are the male sex organs of the bryophytes and PTERIDOPHYTES, whereas ARCHEGONIA are the female sex organs. The antheridium is stalked, globose or somewhat elliptic STRUCTURE having an outer sterile one CELL thick jacket which surrounds a solid mass of fertile cells, the androcytes whereas the archegonium is a flask shaped structure with a basal swollen venter and upperslender neck.
Discussion
18212.

Question : Differentiate between Anisogamy and Oogamy with an example of fungus.

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SOLUTION :`{:("ANISOGAMY","Oogamy"),("Fusion of MORPHOLOGICALLY or","Fusion of both morphologically and"),( "physiologically dissimilar gemetes","physiologically dissimilargametes."),("E.g. Allomyces","E.g. Monoblepharis"):}`
Discussion
18213.

Question : Differentiate between Anaerobe and aerobe

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SOLUTION :Give a comparative ACCOUNT of the classes of KingdomFungi under the FOLLOWING: (a) mode of nutrition, (b) mode of REPRODUCTION.
Discussion
18214.

Question : Differentiate between anabolism and catabolism.

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Solution :Anabolism is the SUM of building or constructive METABOLIC processes e.g. photosynthesis, while CATABOLISM is the sum of break down or destructive metabolic processes e.g. RESPIRATION.
Discussion
18215.

Question : Differentiate between Amphicribal vascular bundle and amphivasal vascular bundle

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Solution :Both amphicribal and amphivasal vascular BUNDLES are of concentric type. In amphicribal vascular BUNDLE, XYLEM is surrounded all around by PHLOEM, whereas, in amphivasal vascular bundle, phloem issurrounded all around by xylem.
Discussion
18216.

Question : Differentiate between Alternate and whorled phyllotaxy

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Solution :In ALTERNATE phyllotaxy only ONE leaf is present at each node. The leaves are so arranged that a LINE drawn on the stem through the leaf bases will TAKE a spiral course, whereas in whorled phyllotaxy, more than TWOLEAVES are present at each node forming a whorl.
Discussion
18217.

Question : Differentiate between Amoeboid movements and flagellar movements

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SOLUTION :The movements PERFORMED by the formation and retraction of pseudopodia are called AMOEBOID movements which bring about locomotion and a CHANGE of shape of the body, whereas the movements by flagella is KNOWN asflagellar movements.
Discussion
18218.

Question : Differentiate between Agnatha and gnathostomata

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SOLUTION :AGNATHA is characterised by the absence of true JAWS and PAIRED appendages whereas gnathostomata arewith true jaws and paired appendages.
Discussion
18219.

Question : Distinguish between Agnatha and Gnathostomata.

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SOLUTION :
Discussion
18220.

Question : Differentiate between afferent neurons and efferent neurons.

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SOLUTION :
Discussion
18221.

Question : Differentiate between aggregate fruit with multiple fruit.

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Solution :Aggregate fruit: Aggregate fruits develop from a single flower having an apocarpous pistil, Each of the free carpel is DEVELOPED into a simple fruitlet. A COLLECTION of simple fruitlets makes an aggregate fruit. An individual ovary develops into a drupe, achene, follicle or berry, An aggregate of these fruits borne by a single flower is known as an etacrio. Example: Magnond, Raspberry, Annona and Polyarthia.
Multiple or Composite fruit: A multiple or composite fruit develops from the whole inflorescence along with its peduncle on which they are borne.
(a) Sorosis: A fleshy multiple fruit which develops from a spike or spadix. The flowers fused together by their succulent perianth and at the same TIME the axis bearing them become fleshy or juicy and the whole inflorescence forms a compact mass. Example: Pineapple, Jack fruit and Mulberry.
(B) Syconus: A multiple fruit which develops from hypanthodium inflorescence. The receptacle develops further and converts into fleshy fruit which encloses a number of true fruit or nehenes which dewelons from female flower of humanthodium inflorescence Example: Ficus.
Discussion
18222.

Question : Differentiate between aerenchyma and collenchyma on the basic of their structure and function.

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SOLUTION :
Discussion
18223.

Question : Tabulate the difference between active absoprtion and passive absorption.

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SOLUTION :
Discussion
18224.

Question : Differentiate between Adipose and blood tissue

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Solution :Adipose tissue is a LOOSE connective tissue LOCATED mainly BENEATH the skin. The cells of this tissue are specialised to store fats whereas blood is a fluid connective tissue CONTAINING plasma and blood cells. It is the main circulatory fluid that helps in the transport ofvarious substances.
Discussion
18225.

Question : Differentiate between : (a) Racemose and cymose inflorescence (b) Fibrous root and adventitious root (c) Apocarpous and syncarpous ovary

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Solution :(a) Racemose inflorescence : In racemose type of inflorescences the main axis continues to grow , the flowers are borne laterally in an acropetal succession.
Cymose inflorescence : In cymose type of inflorescence the main axis terminates in a flower, hence is limited in growth. The flowers are borne in basipetal order.
(B) Fibrous root : In monocot plants , in place of primary root many other ROOTS are originated. These roots develop from the base of the stem and forms tap root system e.g. grass root, wheat root etc.
Adventitious root : Roots arise from parts of the PLANT other than the radicle and are called adventitious root e.g. In monocot plants, primary root is short-lived.
(c) APOCARPOUS : When more than one carpel is present, they MAY be free (as in lotus and rose) and are called apocarpous.
Syncarpous : When carpels are fused, as in mustard and tomato after fertilisation, the ovules develop into seeds and the ovary matures into fruit.
Discussion
18226.

Question : Differentiate between : Respirationand Combustion

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SOLUTION :(a) Respiration and Combustion
`{:("Respiration ","Combustion "),("(1) Respiration is a BIOCHEMICAL process.","(1) Combustion is a physical process."),("(2) Respiration is a slow combustion process.","(2) Combustion is either slow or fast."),("(3) The process occuring in phases.","(3) It is a continuous process."),("(4) It is anzymaticprocess.","(4) Enzymes are not needed in it. "),("(5) Energy produced only during the process. ","(5) Energy and light both are produced."):}`
(b) Glycolysis and Krebs. Cycle
`{:("Glycolysis ","Krebs. Cycle "),("(1) The process OCCURS in the cytoplasmof a cell. ","(1) This process occurs in Matrix of Mitochondria. "),("(2) Its DISCOVERERS are Embeden, Mayerhoff and Parnas. ","(2) Its discoverer is Hans Krebs. . "),("(3) " O_(2) " is not a utilized in thisprocess.","(3) " O_(2) " is utilizedin this process."),("(4) This is not a cyclic process.","(4) This is a cyclic process."),("(5) The reactants of this process are Glucose. ","(5) The reactants or substrates are 2 acetyl groups 6NAD, 3FAD. "),("(6) Products are 2- pyruvate 2NADH " + H^(+) 2"," FADH_(2),"(6) Products are "4CO_(2)",2ATP, 6NADH, "2FADH_(2)):}`
Discussion
18227.

Question : Differentiate between a nucleoside and a nucleotide.

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SOLUTION :A nucleoside is the COMBINATION of NITROGEN BASE and pentose sugar e.g. ADENOSINE, while a nucleotide is formed of anucleoside and a phosphate groupe.g. Adenylic acid.
Discussion
18228.

Question : Differentiate between : (a) Myelinated and non-myelinated axons

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Solution :The neural system of all animals is composed of HIGHLY specialised CELLS - neurons It can receive, transmit and detect various kinds of stimuli.
In lower invertebrates, the neural organisation is very simple.
eg.: Hydra - Network of neurons. Insects - neural system is better organized, where brain is present along with a number of ganglia and neural tissues.
The vertebrates have a more developed neural system.
In HIGHER organisms neural system performs three basic functions -
(i) It receives sensory impulses from the external and internal environment and sends it to the brain.
(ii) Brain analyses the type of stimuli.
(iii) RESPONSES, according to stimuli are TRANSPORTED in the form of nerve impulses to various body parts or cells.
Discussion
18229.

Question : Give difference : Diploblastic and Triploblastic

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SOLUTION :There are two EMBRYONIC LAYERS in diploblastic animals viz ectoderm and ENDODERM. There are three embryonic layers in triploblastic animals viz ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm.
Discussion
18230.

Question : Differentiate between (a) Bract and Bracteole (b) Pulvinus and Petiole (c) Pedicel and Peduncle (d) Spike and Spadix (e) Stamen and staminoid (f) Pollen and Pollenium

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Solution :(a) BRACT and Bracteole
Bract : It is a leaf like structure , Flower is produced from its axdl. They can be small, scaly, green or colored generally they are single,
Bracteole : It is a bract type structure . Which is produced on pedicel. (B) Pulvinus and Petiole :
Pulvinus : Pulvinus is a base of leaf stalk . Its proximal region is swollen where leaf is attached with stem .
Petiole : Petiole is a cylindrical or semi cylindrical stalk like structure which connects leaf base and leaf lamina.
(c) Pedicel and Peduncle :
Pedicel : The stalk of flower is called pedicel . Peduncle : The whole axis of inflorescence is called peduncle.
(d) Spike and Spadix :
Spike : Sessile flowers arranged on inflorescence axis is called spike e.g. Achyranthus. Spadix : In female florescence axis is fieshy and sessile UNISEXUAL flowers are arranged at its basal part . Male flowers are produced above female flower. Sometimes sterile flowers are PRESENT between male and female flower. Inflorescence axis is protected by large spathe e.g. colocasia, banana etc. (e) Stamen and Staminoid : Stamen : The male reproductive organ of flower is called stamen . Staminoid : Sterile or less developed stamen is called staminoid. (f) Pollen and Pollenium : Pollen : The flowers of angiosperm are microspores which is known as pollen grains. Pollenium : The amount of pollen grains of stamen of same flower is called pollenium EG. colotropis.
Discussion
18231.

Question :Differentiate between :(a) Culm and Caudex. (b) Hypanthodium and Cyathium.

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SOLUTION :
Discussion
18232.

Question : Differentiate between: (a) Acoelomate and pseudocoelomate. (b) Notochord and nerve cord. (c) Polyp and medusa.

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Solution :(a) ACOELOMATE animals are with no coelom e.g. sponges, coelonterates and flatworms., While pseudocoelomates have a fales coelom called pseudocoel filled with a watry fluid e.g. members of phylum Aschelminthes e.g. Ascaris (Round WORM). (b) Notochord is a solid and unjointed rod of vacuolated CELLS present on dorsal side above the gut atleast in some stage of development in all the CHORDATES, While nerve cord is the narrow and tubular part of CNS Present above the notochord. (c) Polyp is the fixed and nutritive zooid of Obelia Colony, while medusa is a free-swimming and reproductive zooid of Obelia colony.
Discussion
18233.

Question : Differentiate between A band and I band

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SOLUTION :The most striking feature of striated muscle fibre is the presence of transverse STRIATIONS on it. These striations appear as ALTERNATE dark and light bands that stretch across the muscle fibre. These dark and light bands are called A-bands and l-bands respectively. The A-band is made up of myosin FILAMENTS whereas thel-band is made up of actin filaments alone.
Discussion
18234.

Question : Differentiate between ‘RER’ and ‘SER’.

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Solution : RER have RIBOSOMES on their SURFACE, They are made up of cisternae MAINLY, They produce PROTEINS mainly.
SER donot have ribosomes on their surface– They are made up of tubules mainly. They produce lipids and proteins.
Discussion
18235.

Question : Differentiate apotepalous flower from syntepalous flower?

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SOLUTION :
Discussion
18236.

Question : Differentiate Apoenzyme from Holoenzyme.

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SOLUTION :
Discussion
18237.

Question : Distinguish between apocarpous and syncarpous ovary.

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Solution :1. APOCARPOUS: A pistil CONTAINS two or more distinct carpels. Example: Annona
2. Syncarpous: A pistil contains two or more carpels which are CONNATE. Example: CITRUS and Tomato
Discussion
18238.

Question : Differentiate Anabolic reaction and Catabolic reaction.

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SOLUTION :
Discussion
18239.

Question : Differentiate Active and Passive absorption of water.

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SOLUTION :
Discussion
18240.

Question : Differentiate acidic and basic proteins

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Solution :Basic PROTEINS. A protein, rich in basic amino acids such as argirune and lysine, exists as a cation and BEHAVES as a base atthe physiological -pH of 7.4 is called basic protein. Examples histones of nucleoproteins of CHROMOSOMES.
ACIDIC proteins. These are rich in acidic amino acids LIKE glutamic acid and aspartic acid, and behave as acids (H-donors)at the physiological pH of 7.4.
Discussion
18241.

Question : Distinguish between Absolute humidity and Relative humidity.

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SOLUTION :
Discussion
18242.

Question : Differential stainability of a chromosome is called

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Heiroglyphics
Heteropycnosis
Heterosis
Idiogram

Answer :B
Discussion
18243.

Question : What is homologous chromosome?

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SOLUTION :REFER Table of CHAPTER no. 10.
Discussion
18244.

Question : Different types of cells are functionally iolated in which grade of organization ?

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TISSUE LEVEL
cellular level
Organ level
Organ -system level

ANSWER :B
Discussion
18245.

Question : Different substrates get oxidized during respiration. Howdoes Respiratory Quotient(RQ) indicate whichtype of substrate,i.e.,carbohydrate, fat or protein is getting oxidized > R . Q. = (A)/(B). What do A and B stand for ? What type of substrates have R.Q. of 1, lt 1 or gt 1?

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SOLUTION :RQ is a ratio between `CO_(2)` produced during RESPIRATION and `O_(2)` Which is USED .
`RQ =(A)/(B) = ("Volume of produced " CO_(2))/("Volume of used " O_(2))`
Energy currencymeans such a substances which provides energy for cellular processes. Whenever it is required, ATP is called currency ofenergy because in bonds of ATP, higher energy is in connected formother substances GTP, CTP, UTP etc. are energy donors.
RQ of carbohydrates = 1 during aerobic respiration.
RQof fat and protein `lt 1`during germination
RQ of organic acid `gt 1` during aerobic respiration.
Discussion
18246.

Question : Different cells have different sizes. Arrange the following cells in an ascending order of their size. Choose the correct option among the followings :(I) Mycoplasma (II) Ostrich eggs(III) Human RBC(IV) Bacteria

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I, IV, III, II
I, II, III, IV
II, I, III, IV
III, II, I, IV

Solution :(I) Mycoplasma - 0.3 MM
(II) BACTERIA - 30-5 `mu`m
(III) Human RBC - 7.0 `mu`m
(IV) OSTRICH eggs cell - (15 `xx` 13) CM
Discussion
18247.

Question : Differenriate between (a) Open and closed circulatory system (b) Oviparity and viviparity ( c) Direct and indirect development (d) Acoelomate and pseudocoelomate (e) Notochord and never cord (f) Polyp and medusa

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SOLUTION :For (a), (B) and ( C) refer to Q. 1
Discussion
18248.

Question : Differentiate the male and female cockroaches.

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SOLUTION :
Discussion
18249.

Question : Differences Secondary Growth in Dicot stem and Root .

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SOLUTION :
Discussion
18250.

Question : Differentiate between Frog and Toad.

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SOLUTION :
Discussion