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18651.

Question : DEFINITION / EXPLANATION - TERMS / LOCATION - FUNCTION / FULL NAME Bundle sheath :

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Solution :In MONOCOT PLANTS, parenchymatic or sclerenchymatic structure SURROUNDING vascular BUNDLES in leaves is called bundle sheath
Discussion
18652.

Question : DEFINITION / EXPLANATION - TERMS / LOCATION - FUNCTION / FULL NAME Chloroplast :

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Solution :Location : In PERIFERY of cells of mesophyll TISSUE of a leaf.
FUNCTION : PHOTOSYNTHESIS
Discussion
18653.

Question : DEFINITION / EXPLANATION - TERMS / LOCATION - FUNCTION / FULL NAME ATP

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SOLUTION :Adinosine TRIPHOSPHATE
Discussion
18654.

Question : Definition/Explanation : Peristalsis

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Solution :Due to CONTRACTION and relaxation of muscular wall of digestive tract FOOD is PUSHED further in oesophagus. It is called PERISTALSIS.
Discussion
18655.

Question : Definition/Explanation : Emulsification

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SOLUTION :Bile salts present in Bile juice cause breakdown of BIGGER FAT molecules into smaller fat molecules and make the digestion process simple is called EMULSIFICATION.
Discussion
18656.

Question : Definition/Explanation : Heterodont

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Solution :In human beings/ MAMMALS one type of TEETH are FOUND. They are of four TYPES. Incisors, canine, premolars and molars.
Discussion
18657.

Question : Definition/Explanation : Assimilation

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SOLUTION :Cells/organs as PER their requirement do synthesis of proteins, LIPIDS and carbohydrates by components ABSORBED from blood. This process is called assimilation.
Discussion
18658.

Question : What is called digestion ?

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Solution :COMPLEX components taken as food in DIET are converted into simple and ABSORBABLE form with the help of enzymes, such a BIOCHEMICAL process is CALLED digestion.
Discussion
18659.

Question : Definition/Explanation : Diphyodont

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Solution :HUMAN beings and majority of mammals FORM TWO sets of teeth during their life a set of temporary milk or deciduous teeth REPLACED by a set of permanent or adult teeth. This TYPE of dentition is called diphyodont.
Discussion
18660.

Question : Explain phloem transport.

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SOLUTION :The FOOD PREPARED by photosynthesis is transported from leaves towards root (SINK) through phloem tissue. This is called phloem TRANSPORT.
Discussion
18661.

Question : Definition/Explanation : Absorption

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SOLUTION :Complex substances present in food are converted into simple form like glucose, amino acid, fatty acid, glycerol etc. which are absorbed by blood CAPILLARIES of mucus layer in INTESTINE and Lymphatic ducts. This is called absorption.
Discussion
18662.

Question : Definition/Explanation : Appendix

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Solution :Caecum is located between SMALL intestine and large intestine caecum is a small blind sac STRUCTURE. A narrow FINGER like tubular projection, the VERMIFORM Appendix arises from the caecum.
Discussion
18663.

Question : Define Wood fibres.

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Solution :Wood FIBRES : These fibres are associated with secondary XYLEM tissue. They are also called xylary fibres. These fibres are DERIVED from the VASCULAR cambium.
Discussion
18664.

Question : Define water potential

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Solution :Water POTENTIAL is the potentialenergy of water in a system COMPARED to pure water when both temperature andpressure are KEPT the same. Water potential is DENOTED by the symbol`PSI` (psi).
Discussion
18665.

Question : Explain : Water Potential.

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Solution :The POTENTIAL ENERGY LIES in water is called water potential. The THEORY of water potential EXPLAINS transport of water.
Discussion
18666.

Question : Define water potential and solute potential.

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Solution :Water potential : Water potential is a potential ENERGY of water. That is a free energy LIES in unit volume of water. The water potential (`Psi_W`) of pure water at (`JM^(-3)`) atmospheric pressure is zero. The unit of water potential is Bar or pascal (1 mPa = 10 bars).
Solute potential Soluble salts are added so water potential of water decreases (negative) so concentration of water decreases. Water potential of solution is less than water. Thus water potential of solvent decreases. It is CALLED solute potential or `Psi_S` .
Discussion
18667.

Question : Definewarburgeffect ?

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SOLUTION :Warbung effectis theinhibitoryeffectofhigherconcentrationof xygenon THETHE RATEOF photosynthesisdueto itstendencytocombinewith reducingpowerand inducedphotorespiration.
Discussion
18668.

Question : Define wall pressure.

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Solution :Wall pressure is the RESISTANCE, which WORKS in a direction OPPOSITE to the TURGOR pressure but is EQUAL in strength to the turgor pressure.
Discussion
18669.

Question : Define - vocal cords.

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Solution :Vocal CORDS are sound regulating cords also called LARYNX or voice BOX.
Discussion
18670.

Question : Define vital capacity. What is its significance?

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Solution :VITAL capacity is the maximum volume of air which can be exhaled with FORCE after forced inhalation. It is equal to ERV `+` TV `+` IRV. Greater is the vital capacity, more is the alveolar ventilation which increases the pulmonary GAS EXCHANGE.
Discussion
18671.

Question : Define vernalisation.

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Solution :Exposure of PLANT to LOW temperature for flowering is CALLED as VERNALIZATION.
Discussion
18672.

Question : Define venation. Mention its types.

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Solution :The arrangement of VEINS and veinlets on the leaf BLADE or lamina is called venation. Venation is CLASSIFIED into two types : (1) Reticulate venation and (ii) Parallel venation.
Discussion
18673.

Question : What is vascular cambial ring?

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SOLUTION :Theinterfascicularcambiumjoinswith theintrafascicular cambium on both sidesto FORM a continuous RING . ITIS called avascularcambialring .
Discussion
18674.

Question : Define : Uniport .

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Solution :When MOLECULE move ACROSS a MEMBRANE independent of other MOLECULES the process is called uniport.
Discussion
18675.

Question : Define ultrafiltration. Give the site of ultrafiltration.

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Solution :Filtration under HIGH hydrostatic PRESSURE of blood is called ultrafiltration. It OCCURS in Bowman.s CAPSULE of the NEPHRON.
Discussion
18676.

Question : Define typhlosole.

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Solution :The dorsal WALL of the intestine of earthworm is FOLDED into the cavity as the typhlosole. This fold contains blood VESSELS and INCREASES the absorptive area of the intestine.
Discussion
18677.

Question :Define turn over number. Give one example,

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Solution : Turn over NUMBER is the number of substrate molecules acted by one mole of enzyme molecules per MINUTE e.g-36 MILLION molecules of carbonic ACID are FORMED by enzyme carbonic anhydrase enzyme in one minute
Discussion
18678.

Question : Define transport in plants. Mention the tissues involved in transportation.

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SOLUTION :Transport isthe process of moving WATER, MINERALS and food to all parts of the plant body. Conductingtissuessuch as xylem and phloem PLAY an IMPORTANTROLE in transport.
Discussion
18679.

Question : Define Trichoblasts.

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SOLUTION :PILIFEROUS layer of the ROOT has two types of epidermal cells, LONG cells and short cells. The short cells are CALLED trichoblasts. Trichoblasts are elongate into root hairs.
Discussion
18680.

Question : Describe : Transpiration.

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SOLUTION :Transpiration is the evaporative LOSS of water by aerial organs of the PLANT.
Discussion
18681.

Question : Define transmembrane pathway.

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Solution :The MOVEMENT of water through CELL MEMBRANE is CALLED TRANSMEMBRANE pathway
Discussion
18682.

Question : Define transpiration and explain its types.

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SOLUTION :The LOSS of excess of water in the formof vapour from VARIOUS aerial parts of the plant is CALLED transpiraton.
Discussion
18683.

Question : Define : Translocation of substances .

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Solution :Transport over LONGER distances proceeds through the VASCULAR system is CALLED translocation of SUBSTANCES.
Discussion
18684.

Question : Define transformation.

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Solution :The PHENOMENON of changing the character of a STRAIN by transferring the DNA of another strain into the fonner is called TRANSFORMATION. It is ONE of the method of sexual reproduction in bacteria.
Discussion
18685.

Question : Define tonoplast.

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SOLUTION :Vacuolar MEMBRANE
Discussion
18686.

Question : Define tissues .

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SOLUTION :GROUP of cellsthat are similarin structure and PERFORM a common or RELATED functions are calledtissues .
Discussion
18687.

Question : Define the Venation

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Solution :Veination : The mode of ARRANGEMENT of veins and VEINLETS is called venation.
Discussion
18688.

Question : What are Threatened species?

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SOLUTION :Species which are vulnerable to ENDANGERMENT in the NEAR future are called THREATENED species.
Discussion
18689.

Question : State the electro-osmotic theory.

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Solution :Electro-Osmotic theory : The theory of electro osmosis was PROPOSED by Fenson (1957) and Spanner (1958). According to this, an electricpotential across the SIEVE plate CAUSES the MOVEMENT of water along with solutes. This theory fails to explain several problems concerning translocation.
Discussion
18690.

Question : Define the terms 'cell' and 'cell biology'.

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SOLUTION :Cell is the fundamental STRUCTURAL and functional unit of all LIVING ORGANISMS. Cell biology may be defined as the study of cell structure, chemical composition and function.
Discussion
18691.

Question : Define translocation of organic solutes.

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Solution :The phenomenon of food transportation from the site of SYNTHESIS to the site of utilization is known as translocation of organic solutes. The TERM solute DENOTES food material that moves in a solution.
Discussion
18692.

Question : Define the term species.

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SOLUTION :A GROUP of CLOSELY relarted organisms which can freely INTERBREED in nature and can PRODUCE its own kind.s called as subspecies.
Discussion
18693.

Question : Define the term Syncyte and give examples.

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SOLUTION :Syncyte : Cell which is formed by FUSION of cell is called Syncyte. EXAMPLE : VESSELS (Dead syncyte), sieve tube (living syncyte).
Discussion
18694.

Question : Definethe term Rhytidome .

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SOLUTION :Rhytidomeis a technicalterm usedfor the outerdeadbark WHICHCONSISTS of peridermand isolatedcorticalor phloemtissuesformedduringsuccessivegrowth . EXAMPLE:QUERCUS
Discussion
18695.

Question : Define the term Respiration.

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Solution :During night, plants TAKE up oxygen and release carbon DIOXIDE and as a result carbon dioxide will be ABUNDANT the tree. This PROCESS of `CO_2` evolution is CALLED respiration.
Discussion
18696.

Question : Define the term 'pinocytosis'.

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SOLUTION :INTAKE of fluid material into the CELL by THEFORMATION of pinocytic VESICLES.
Discussion
18697.

Question : Define the term photosynthetic pigment .

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SOLUTION :A photosyntheicpigment is a piagmentthat ispresentin CHLOROPLASTS orphotosyntheticbacteriawhichcapturesthe lightenergynecessaryfor PHOTOSYNTHESIS.
Discussion
18698.

Question : Define the term photo neutrals.

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Solution :There are a number of plants which can FLOWER in all possible PHOTOPERIODS. They are also CALLED photo neutrals or indeterminate plants. EXAMPLE: Potato, Rhododendron, Tomato and Cotton.
Discussion
18699.

Question : Describe the term inflorescence. Explain the basis for thedifferent types of inflorescence in flowering plants.

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Solution :Inflorescence REFERS to a GROUP of FLOWERS present on the same location on plant. It could be (i) RACEMOSE (ii) cymose.
Discussion
18700.

Question : Define the term hormone.

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Solution :Hormones are SECRETIONS of endocrine glands which are RELEASED in the BLOOD and have spevific effect on specific TARGET organ of the body. These are also called chemicalmessengers or information MOLECULES.
Discussion