22339 + Interview Questions in Biology in Class 11 Page 376 InterviewSolution

18751.	Question : Define RQ. What is its valuefor fats ?
Answer» Solution :The ratio of the VOLUME of `CO_(2)` EVOLVED tot he volume of `O_(2)`consumed in respiration is called the RESPIRATORYQUOTIENT. Its value for fat is 0.7.

Discussion

18752.	Question : Write short notes on Rhabdomyosarcoma.
Answer» Solution :RHABDOMYOSARCOMA : Life threatening soft TISSUE tumour of HEAD, neck and urinogenital TRACT.

Discussion

18753.	Question : Define resolving power of a microscope.
Answer» Solution :Resolving POWER or resolution REFERS to the ability of the lenses to show the details of object lying between two points. It is the finest detail available from an object. It can be calculated using the FOLLOWING formula. Resolution`=(0.61lamda)/(NA)`. where `lamda=`wavelength of the light and NA is the NUMERICAL aperture.

Discussion

18754.	Question : Define reproduction and mention its types.
Answer» SOLUTION :Reproduction is the tendency of a living ORGANISM to perpetuate its own species. There are TWO types of reproduction NAMELY asexual and SEXUAL.

Discussion

18755.	Question : Define Quantum.
Answer» SOLUTION :Light as a PARTICLE iscalled photon. Each photon contian an AMOUNT of energyknown as QUANTUM.

Discussion

18756.	Question : What are Purkinje fibers?
Answer» Solution :TWO special cardiac muscle fibres originate from the auriculo ventricular NODE and are CALLED the bindle of His which runs down into theinterventricular septum and the fibres spread intothe ventricles. These fibres are called the PURKINJE fibres.

Discussion

18757.	Question : Define ptyxis.
Answer» Solution :ROLLING or folding of INDIVIDUAL LEAVES is CALLED as ptyxis.

Discussion

18758.	Question : Define proton motive force.
Answer» Solution :The proton motive force is the force DERIVED from the ELECTRICAL POTENTIAL and the HYDROGEN ion gradient across the CYTOPLASMIC membrane.

Discussion

18759.	Question : Define pressure potential
Answer» Solution :PRESSURE potential OPERATES in a PLANT cell in the FORM of wall pressure

Discussion

18760.	Question : What is polymerization?
Answer» Solution :POLYMERIZATION, is a PROCESS in which repeating SUBUNITS termed monomers are bound into CHAINS of different LENGTHS. These chains of monomers are called polymers.

Discussion

18761.	Question : What is pollinium?
Answer» SOLUTION :When the pollen GRAINS are fused together as a SINGLE MAIN, it is said to be pollinium.

Discussion

18762.	Question : Define pluripotency.
Answer» SOLUTION :Pluripotency REFERS to a stem cell that has the potential to differentiate into any of the three germ LAYERS (i) ECTODERM (II) endoderm and (iii) mesoderm.

Discussion

18763.	Question : Explain : Plasmolysis.
Answer» Solution :Plasmolysis is the shrinking of the protoplasm as a result of WATER less by EXO OSMOSIS of PLANT cell were placed in hypertonic solution.

Discussion

18764.	Question : Define - Planula larva.
Answer» Solution :Aplanula is the free-swimming, flattened, CILIATED, bilaterally SYMMETRIC larva form of VARIOUS CNIDARIAN SPECIE.

Discussion

18765.	Question : Define Placentation & mention their types.
Answer» SOLUTION :The MODE of distribution of placenta inside the OVARY is CALLED placentation. Types of placentation: Marginal, Axile, Superficial, Parietal, Free-central and BASAL,

Discussion

18766.	Question : Define Pith.
Answer» Solution :The central part of the ground tissue is known as pith or medulla. Generally this is made up of thin walled parenchyma cells with INTERCELLULAR spaces. The cells in the pith generally stores starch, fatty substances, tannins, PHENOLS, CALCIUM OXALATE crystals, etc.

Discussion

18767.	Question : Define phyllotaxy. Mention its types.
Answer» Solution :The mode of arrangement of leaves on the stem is known as phyllotaxy (Greek. Phyllon=leaf taxis =arrangement), Phyllotaxy is to avoid over crowding of leaves and expose the leaves MAXIMUM to the sunlight for photosynthesis. The four main types of phyllotaxy are: 1. Alternate 2. Opposite 3. Ternate and 4. Whorled. 1. Alternate phyllotaxy: In this TYPE there is only one leaf per NODE and the leaves on thesuccessive nodes are arranged alternate to each other. Spiral arrangement of leaves show vertical rows are called orhostichies. They are two types: (a) Alternate spiral: In which the leaves are arranged alternatively in a spiral manner. e.g., Hibiscus and Ficus. (b)Alternate distichous or Bicurious: In which the leaves are organized alternatively in two rows on either side of the stem. eg. Monoon longifolium (Polyalthia longifolia). 2.Opposite phyllotaxy: In this type cach node possess two leaves opposite to each other. They are organized in two different types: (i) Opposite SUPERPOSED: The pair of leaves arranged in succession are in the same direction, that is two opposite leaves at a node is EXACTLY above those at the lower node. e.g., Psidium(Guava), Eugenia jambolana (Jamun) and Quisqualis (Rangoon creeper). (ii) Opposite decussate: In this type of phyllotaxy one pair of leaves is placed at right angles to the next upper or lower pair of leaves. e.g. Calotropis, Zinnia and Ocimum 3.Ternate phyllotaxy : In this type there are three leaves attached at each node. e.g. Nerium. 4.Whorled (verticillate ) type of phyllotaxy : In this type more than three leaves are present in a whorled at each node forming a circle or wheel. e.g. Allamanda and Alstonia scholaris.

Discussion

18768.	Question : Define phyllome.
Answer» SOLUTION :All the LEAVES of a PLANT TOGETHER are REFERRED as phyllome.

Discussion

18769.	Question : Define phycology.
Answer» SOLUTION :The study of ALGAE is called as phycology or ALGOLOGY.

Discussion

18770.	Question : Define Photophosphorylation .
Answer» SOLUTION :Phosphorylationtakesplacewith the HELP of lightgenerated ELECTRON and HENCE it is knowasphotophyosphorylation.

Discussion

18771.	Question : Define photoperiodism. Name the person who coined this term
Answer» Solution :The physiological CHANGE on flowering due to relative length of light and darkness (photoperiod) is CALLED Photoperiodism. The TERM photoperiodism was coined by GARNER and Allard.

Discussion

18772.	Question : Define pholem unloading. What are the steps involved in it?
Answer» SOLUTION :From sieve elements sucrose is translocated into sink organs such as roots, TUBERS, flowers and fruits and this process is termed as phloem unloading. It consists of three steps: 1. Sieve element unloading : Sucrose leave from sieve elements. 2. Short distance TRANSPORT: Movement of sucrose to sinkcells. 3. Storage and metabolism: The final step when sugars are stored or metabolized in sink cells.

Discussion

18773.	Question : Define parthenocarpy. Name the plant hormone used to induce parthenocarpy.
Answer» Solution :Parthenocarpy is the process where FRUIT develop without FERTILISATION and so it does not contain seed. This can ALSO be induced artificially by spraying auxin and gibberellins in CERTAIN plants like grapes, PAPAYA, etc.

Discussion

18774.	Question : What is osmotic pressure ?
Answer» Solution :The pressure REQUIRED to PREVENT WATER from diffusing. This is CALLED osmotic pressure.

Discussion

18775.	Question : Define osmotic potential.
Answer» SOLUTION :OSMOTIC POTENTIAL is the amount by which water potential is reduced as a result of presence of solutes

Discussion

18776.	Question : Define the term osmotic pressure. Describe how the molecular mass of a substance can be determined by a method based on measurement of osmotic pressure ?
Answer» Solution :When a solution andits solvent (PURE WATER) are separated by a semipermeable membrane, a PRESSURE isdeveloped in the solution, due to the presence of DISSOLVED solutes. This is called osmotic pressure (OP).

Discussion

18777.	Question : Defineosmosis .
Answer» SOLUTION :Osmosis REPRESENTS the movement of water or SOLVENT molecules through a SELECTIVELY permeable membranefrom the place of its higher concentration( high water POTENTIAL) to the place of its lower concentration ( low water potential ).

Discussion

18778.	Question : Describe : Osmosis
Answer» Solution :If a SEMIPERMEABLE membrane is PLACED between TWO SOLUTIONS of UNEQUAL concentration then molecules of solute move from region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration.

Discussion

18779.	Question : Define digestion in one sentence.
Answer» Solution :The PROCESS of CONVERSION of complex food substances to simple absorbable FORMS by mechanical and biomechanical methods is CALLED digestion.

Discussion

18780.	Question : Nomenclature
Answer» SOLUTION :Nomenclature PROVIDES proper, SPECIFIC and DISTINGUISHING name to every organism,

Discussion

18781.	Question : Define nucleoid.
Answer» Solution :Nucleoid refers to the PRIMITIVE NUCLEUS which is not bound by nuclear membrane and the DNA is without HISTONE PROTEIN.

Discussion

18782.	Question : What is Nomenclature?
Answer» SOLUTION :ASSIGNING NAME for a PLANT is known as Nomenclature.

Discussion

18783.	Question : Define node & internode.
Answer» SOLUTION :The point from which the LEAF arises is called node. The region between TWO ADJACENT nodes is called INTERNODE.

Discussion

18784.	Question : Define nitrogen fixation. Mention its types.
Answer» SOLUTION :The process of converting ATMOSPHERIC NITROGEN `(N_2)` into AMMONIA is TERMED as nitrogen fixation. Nitrogen fixation can occur by two methods : 1. Biological, 2. Non-Biological.

Discussion

18785.	Question : Define myxamoeba.
Answer» SOLUTION :It is Anoeta like NAKED UNINUCLEATE cell of slime mould which can undergo independent feeding, growth and MULTIPLICATION.

Discussion

18786.	Question : Define mycology. Who is the founder of mycology?
Answer» SOLUTION :Study of FUNGI is CALLED MYCOLOGY. P.A. Micheli is considered as the founder of mycology.

Discussion

18787.	Question : Define mycoplasma.
Answer» Solution :The MYCOPLASMA are very small `(0.1 - 0.5 MU m)`, plemorphic GRAM negative MICROORGANISMS.

Discussion

18788.	Question : Define morphology.
Answer» Solution :The study of various EXTERNAL features of the ORGANISM is known as morphology.

Discussion

18789.	Question : Define Mitogen. Give an example.
Answer» SOLUTION :The factors which PROMOTE cell cycle proliferation is called mitogen. Example: GIBBERELLIN, These increase mitotic RATE.

Discussion

18790.	Question : Define microevolution.
Answer» Solution :(i) Microevolution refers to the changes in allele frequencies within a population. (ii) Allele frequencies in a population may CHANGE due to FOUR FUNDAMENTAL forces of evolution such as natural selection, genetic drift, mutation and gene FLOW.

Discussion

18791.	Question : Define metameric segmentation.
Answer» SOLUTION :When external division of BODY by annuli corresponds to INTERNAL division of coelom by SEPTA e.g. in annelids .

Discussion

18792.	Question : Define Michaelis constant (km) of an enzyme.
Answer» Solution : That SUBSTRATE concentration at which REACTION RATE is half of maximum VELOCITY

Discussion

18793.	Question : Define metabolism. List out the difference between the types of metabolism.
Answer» SOLUTION :Metabolism : The sum total of all the chemical reactions TAKING place in a CELL of LIVING organism is called metabolism. It is broadly divided into anabolism and catabolism. The difference between anabolism and catabolism is given in table.

Discussion

18794.	Question : Definitions/Explanation: Metabolism :
Answer» Solution :The total sum of all the chemical relations occurring inside the LIVING organism is called METABOLISM. Metabolism includes Anabolism includes all the BUILDING up reaction eg. photosynthesis and catabolism constitutes BREAKDOWN reaction eg. Respiration.

Discussion

18795.	Question : Define mesophyll tissue & mention its types.
Answer» Solution :The ground TISSUE system that lies between epidermal layers of leaf is KNOWN as mesophyll tissue. Often it is DIFFERENTIATED into palisade parenchyma on the ADAXIAL (upper) side and spongy parenchyma on the abaxial (lower) side.

Discussion

18796.	Question : Define 'merosity'?
Answer» Solution :Number of floral parts PER WHORL is CALLED merosity.

Discussion

18797.	Question : Define Magnification of a lens.
Answer» Solution :The optical INCREASE in the size of an image is called MAGNIFICATION.It is CALCULATED by the FOLLOWING formula, Magnification = `("Size of image SEEN with the microscope")/("Size of image seen with normal eye")`

Discussion

18798.	Question : Define magnification. How will you calculate it?
Answer» SOLUTION :The optical increase in the size of an image is called magnification. It is calculated by the FOLLOWING formula Magnification`=("Size of image seen with the MICROSCOPE")/("Size of image seen with normal eye")`

Discussion

18799.	Question : Name and explain the type of barriers which involve macrophages.
Answer» SOLUTION :Macrophages are lmmune cells derived from MONOCYTES, ENGAGED in phagocytosis of microbes and DEBRIS.

Discussion

18800.	Question : Define ligule.
Answer» Solution :In some GRASSES (Monocots) an additional out GROWTH is present between leaf BASE and LAMINA. It is called ligule.

Discussion

Explore topic-wise InterviewSolutions in .

Question : Define RQ. What is its valuefor fats ?

Question : Write short notes on Rhabdomyosarcoma.

Question : Define resolving power of a microscope.

Question : Define reproduction and mention its types.

Question : Define Quantum.

Question : What are Purkinje fibers?

Question : Define ptyxis.

Question : Define proton motive force.

Question : Define pressure potential

Question : What is polymerization?

Question : What is pollinium?

Question : Define pluripotency.

Question : Explain : Plasmolysis.

Question : Define - Planula larva.

Question : Define Placentation & mention their types.

Question : Define Pith.

Question : Define phyllotaxy. Mention its types.

Question : Define phyllome.

Question : Define phycology.

Question : Define Photophosphorylation .

Question : Define photoperiodism. Name the person who coined this term

Question : Define pholem unloading. What are the steps involved in it?

Question : Define parthenocarpy. Name the plant hormone used to induce parthenocarpy.

Question : What is osmotic pressure ?

Question : Define osmotic potential.

Question : Define the term osmotic pressure. Describe how the molecular mass of a substance can be determined by a method based on measurement of osmotic pressure ?

Question : Defineosmosis .

Question : Describe : Osmosis

Question : Define digestion in one sentence.

Question : Nomenclature

Question : Define nucleoid.

Question : What is Nomenclature?

Question : Define node & internode.

Question : Define nitrogen fixation. Mention its types.

Question : Define myxamoeba.

Question : Define mycology. Who is the founder of mycology?

Question : Define mycoplasma.

Question : Define morphology.

Question : Define Mitogen. Give an example.

Question : Define microevolution.

Question : Define metameric segmentation.

Question : Define Michaelis constant (km) of an enzyme.

Question : Define metabolism. List out the difference between the types of metabolism.

Question : Definitions/Explanation: Metabolism :

Question : Define mesophyll tissue & mention its types.

Question : Define 'merosity'?

Question : Define Magnification of a lens.

Question : Define magnification. How will you calculate it?

Question : Name and explain the type of barriers which involve macrophages.

Question : Define ligule.