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This section includes InterviewSolutions, each offering curated multiple-choice questions to sharpen your knowledge and support exam preparation. Choose a topic below to get started.

18801.

Question : Define Lead.

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SOLUTION :LEAD - Each STATEMENT in a KEY
Discussion
18802.

Question : What is a Lichen?

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SOLUTION :Lichen is a SYMBIOTIC ASSOCIATION between algae and FUNGI.
Discussion
18803.

Question : Define Kinetochore.

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SOLUTION :The centromere contains a complex SYSTEM of PROTEIN fibres called kinetochore. Kinetochore is the region of chromosome which is ATTACHED to the spindle fibre during mitosis.
Discussion
18804.

Question : Define Kranz Sheath.

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SOLUTION :In `C_(4)` GRASSES, the bundle sheath cells are living and involve in `C_(4)` PHOTOSYNTHESIS. This sheath is called KRANZ sheath.
Discussion
18805.

Question : Define Kin selection.

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Solution :The mode of sex DETERMINATION which facilitates the evolution of sociality in which only one diploid female becomes a queen and LAYS the eggs for the colony. All other females which are diploid having DEVELOPED from fertilized eggs help to raise the queen's eggs and so contribute to the queen's reproductive success and indirectly to their own, a phenomenon known as Kin Selection. The queen constructs their social environment by releasing a hormone that SUPPRESSES fertility of the workers. EG. Honey bees.
Discussion
18806.

Question : Define isolation.

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Solution :ISOLATION is the SEPARATION of the MEMBERS of a single population into sub populations so that genetic INTEGRITY of the subpopulation can be maintained.
Discussion
18807.

Question : Define Isinglass.

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Solution :Isinglass is a high-grade COLLAGEN from dried air bladder or swim bladder of certain fishes. Viz. Catfish and CARPS. The processed bladder which is dissolved in hot water forms a gelatin having adhesive property. It is PRIMARILY used for classification of WINE, BEER and vinegar.
Discussion
18808.

Question : What is indigestion?

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Solution :Indigestion is the digestive DISORDER in which the food is not PROPERLY digested LEADING to FEELING of fullness of STOMACH.
Discussion
18809.

Question : What is imbibition ?

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Solution :The PHENOMENON in which a substance uptake the water and swellup is CALLED Imbibition. The substance is referred as IMBIBANT. EXAMPLE: Swelling of water soaked seeds.
Discussion
18810.

Question : Explain : Imbibition

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Solution :When water is ABSORBED by solids-colloids causing them to ENORMOUSLY increase in volume. This is called IMBIBITION.
Discussion
18811.

Question : Define Idioblasts.

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Solution :Parenchyma cells which STORE RESIN, TANNINS, CRYSTALS of calcium carbonate, calcium oxalate are called IDIOBLASTS.
Discussion
18812.

Question : Write down the significance of imbibition.

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Solution :The phenomenon in which a SUBSTANCE uptake the water and swellup is CALLED IMBIBITION. The substance is referred as IMBIBANT. EXAMPLE: Swelling of water soaked seeds.
Discussion
18813.

Question : Define hydroponics.

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SOLUTION :The technique of GROWING plants in a NUTRIENT solution WITHOUT soil is called hydroponics.
Discussion
18814.

Question : Describe homeostasis.

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Solution :Property of self-regulation and TENDENCY to MAINTAIN a steady state within an external environment which is liable to CHANGE is called homeostasis. It is essential for the LIVING ORGANISM to maintain internal condition to survive in the environment.
Discussion
18815.

Question : Define heterothallism?

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Solution :t is the phenomenon of sexual REPRODUCTION in which fusing GAMETES are GENETICALLY DIFFERENT.
Discussion
18816.

Question : Define heterophylly. Which type of plants show this adaptation ?

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SOLUTION :Occurence of two different kinds of LEAVES in the same plants is CALLED heterophylly. Heterophylly is an adaptation of aquatic plants.
Discussion
18817.

Question : Define hermaphrodite plant

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Solution :HERMAPHRODITE are ANIMALS with both male and female REPRODUCTIVE organs.
Discussion
18818.

Question : Define haemodialysis.

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Solution :REMOVING the wastes from the BLOOD of patients with RENAL failure with the help of a dialysing machine, called artificial kidney.
Discussion
18819.

Question : Define Halophiles.

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Solution :Plants that grow in SALTY environment are called HALOPHILES.
Discussion
18820.

Question : Define guttation.

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SOLUTION :It is the EXUDATION of drops of water or SAP from the edges of leaves.
Discussion
18821.

Question : Define growth, differentiation, development, dedifferentiation, redifferentiation, determinate growth, meristem and growth rate.

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Solution :Growth : Growth can be defined as an irreversible permanent increase in the SIZE of an organ or its parts or even of an individual cell.
Differentiation : The cells derived from root apical and shoot-apical meristems and cambium differentiate and mature to perform specific functions. This act leading to maturation is termed as differentiation.
Development : Development is a term that includes all changes that an organism goes through during its LIFE cycle from germination of the seed to senescence.
Dedifferentiation : The living differentiated cells that have lost the capacity to divide can regain the capacity of division under certain conditions.
This phenomenon is termed as dedifferentiation.
Redifferentiation : Formation of meristems - interfascicular cambium and cork cambium from fully differentiated parenchyma cells.
While doing so, such meristems/tissues are able to divide and produce cells that once again lose the capacity to divide but mature to produce specific functions, i.e., redifferentiation.
Determinate growth : It refer to LIMITED growth. For example animals and plants. Leaves stop growing after having reached maturity.
Meristem : In plant growth is restricted to specialised regions where active cell divisions take place such a region is called meristem. There are three types of meristem : apical meristem, lateral meristem and intercalary meristem.
Growth Rates : It can be defined as the increased growth PER unit TIME.
Discussion
18822.

Question : Define : Guttation .

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Solution :When evaporation is low and excess water COLLECTS in the FORM of droplets around special OPENINGS of VEINS near the tip of grass blades such water loss in its liquid phase is KNOWN as guttation.
Discussion
18823.

Question : Define growth and explain it.

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Solution :Define : Growth can be defined as an irreversible permanent increase in size of an organ or its parts or even of an individual cell.
Explanation : Growth is regarded as one of the most FUNDAMENTAL and conspicuous CHARACTERISTICS of a living being.
Growth is accompanied by metabolic processes (both anabolic and CATABOLIC) that occur at the expense of energy.
Example : Expansion of a LEAF is growth but swelling of piece of wood when placed in WATER is not growth.
Discussion
18824.

Question : Define growth.

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SOLUTION :GROWTH is an intrinsic property of all living ORGANISMS through which they can increase CELLS both in NUMBER and mass.
Discussion
18825.

Question : Define grand period of growth and mention its phases.

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SOLUTION :The total PERIOD from initial to the FINAL STAGE of growth is called the grand period of growth. They are: i. Lag phase, ii. LOG phase, iii. Decelerating phase and iv. Maturation phase.
Discussion
18826.

Question : Define Glomerular Filtration Rate(GFR)

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Solution :The AMOUNT of FILTRATE formedby the kidneys from the glomerular capillaries into the Bowman.s CAPSULE per unit time is called glomerular filtration RATE (GFR). In man the GFR is 125 ml/minute i.e., 180 L/day.
Discussion
18827.

Question : Define Glycolysis.

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Solution :Glycolysis : (Gr : Glykos 5 Glucose, Lysis 5 SPLITTING) Glycolysis is a linear SERIES of reactions in which 6-carbon glucose is split into two molecules of 3-carbon pyruvic acid. The enzymes which are required for glycolysis are present in the cytoplasm. The reactions of glycolysis were worked out in yeast cells by three scientists Gustav Embden (German), Otto Meyerhoff (German) and J Parnas (Polish) and so it is ALSO called as EMP pathway.
Discussion
18828.

Question : Define glomerular filtration rate (GFR).

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Solution :The AMOUNT of the filtrate FORMED by the kidney per MINUTE is called Glomerular FILTRATION RATE.
Discussion
18829.

Question : Define Genophore.

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SOLUTION :The bacterial choromosome is a single CIRCULAR DNA MOLECULE, tightly coiled and is not enclosed in a MEMBRANE as in Eukaryotes. This genetic material is called nucleoid or genophore.
Discussion
18830.

Question : Define gametic meiosis .

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Solution :The diploid organisms UNDERGO process of meiosis PRIOR to SEXUAL reproduction to FORM haploid gametes . This type of meiosis is called gametic meiosis.
Discussion
18831.

Question : Define Floating ribs.

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SOLUTION :The last `11^(TH) and 12^(th)` pairs of ribs are not CONNECTED ventrally. Therefore, they are called as 'floating ribs' or vertebral ribs.
Discussion
18832.

Question : Define flux.

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Solution :MOVEMENT of IONS into and out of cells or TISSUES is termed as transportor flux. ENTRY of theioninto cell is called influx and exit is called EFFLUX.
Discussion
18833.

Question : Define flip-flop movement.

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SOLUTION :The MOVEMENT of membrane LIPIDS from one side of the membrane to the other side by vertical movement is CALLED flip-flopping or flip-flop movement.
Discussion
18834.

Question : List out the five kingdoms classification.

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Solution :R.H. Whittaker (1969) proposed the FIVE kingdom CLASSIFICATION. They included Monera, Protista, Fungi, PLANTAE and ANIMALIA. He classified organisms based on cell structure, NUTRITION, reproduction and phylogenetic relationships.
Discussion
18835.

Question : Definefillingtissue .

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SOLUTION :Whenphellogenis moreactivein the region of lenticeles , a MASS of losselyarrangedthin - WALLED parenchymacells are formed . It is calledcomplementary TISSUE or filling tissue.
Discussion
18836.

Question : Define fermentation and mention its types .

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Solution :Some ORGANISMS can respire in the absence of OXYGEN. This process is called FERMENTATION or anaerobic RESPIRATION. There are THREE types of fermentation.
1.Alcoholic fermentation
2. Lactic acid fermentation
3. Mixed acid fermentation
Discussion
18837.

Question : Define facilitated diffusion.

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Solution :Diffusion in the PRESENCE of CARRIER PROTEINS is called facilitated diffusion e.g. FRUCTOSE absorption occurs by it.
Discussion
18838.

Question : Facilitated diffusion :

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Solution :For diffusion of CERTAIN molecules, concentration gradient exists from first and in which protein carrier PROVIDES help then it is CALLED facilitated diffusion.
Discussion
18839.

Question : What is exoscopic embryogeny?

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SOLUTION :In exoscopic embryogeny, the first DIVISION of the zygote is transverse & form inner and OUTER cell. The APEX of the embryo develops from outer cell.
Discussion
18840.

Question : What is excretion?

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SOLUTION :The process by which the body gets RID of the NITROGENOUS waste products of protein METABOLISM is called excretion.
Discussion
18841.

Question : Define eutyly.

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SOLUTION :Fixity of NUMBER of cells THROUGHOUT LIFE
Discussion
18842.

Question : Define evolution.

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Solution :The term evolution is used to describe heritable changes in ONE or more CHARACTERISTICS of a population of species from one GENERATION to the other.
Discussion
18843.

Question : Define eustele.

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SOLUTION :The stele is split into distinct COLLATERAL VASCULAR bundles AROUND the PITH. Example: Dicot stem.
Discussion
18844.

Question : Define enzymes.

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Solution :Enzymes are GLOBULAR proteins that catalyse the thounds of METABOLIC reactions TAKING place within cells and ORGANISM.
Discussion
18845.

Question : Define epiphytic algae with an example.

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Solution :Algae GROWING on the surface of aquatio plants are called as EPIPHYTIC algae. EXAMPLE : Coleochaete.
Discussion
18846.

Question : Define ecosystem.

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SOLUTION :Ecosystem is DEFINED as a community of living organisms (plants and animals), non-living THINGS (minerals, climate, soil, SUNLIGHT and water) and their interrelationships.e.g. forrest grassland.
Discussion
18847.

Question : What is electronic flora?

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Solution : ELECTRONIC Floras (e - floras) is the digitized form of a flora PUBLISHED ONLINE. EXAMPLE: e-Flora China. This provides the information and also functions as an IDENTIFICATION tool.
Discussion
18848.

Question : Define dolipore septum.

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SOLUTION : In dolipore septum is one in which septum becomes barrel shaped around the central pore, it is the FUSION of two sexual cells WITHOUT the fusion of their nuclei:
Discussion
18849.

Question : What is DNA barcoding?

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SOLUTION :DNA barcoding is a taxonomic method that uses a very short genetic SEQUENCE from a standard PART of a GENOME. The genetic sequence used to identify a plant is known as “DNA tags" or “DNA barcodes”. Paul Hebert in 2003 proposed “DNA barcoding” and he is considered as . 'Father of barcoding'.
Discussion
18850.

Question : Define dioecious plant

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SOLUTION :Dioecious - ORGANISM that have the male and female reproductive organs in separate body. e.g. HUMAN beings.
Discussion