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18901.

Question : Define - Absorption.

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SOLUTION :Absorption is a PROCESS by which the end product of digestion passes through the intestinal mucosa into the BLOOD and LYMPH.
18902.

Question : Define a taxon. What is meant by taxonomic hierarchy ? Give a flow diagram from the lowest to highest category for a plant and an animal. What happens to the number of individuals and numbers of shared characters as we go up the taxonomical hierarchy ?

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Solution :Taxon : Taxon is a SCIENTIFIC term used for different categories of classification.
Taxonomic Hierarchy : Taxonomic hierarchy is position of different taxonomic categories is ascending ORDER, which describes the COMPLETE systematic position of any living organism.
GIVEN below in the flow diagram of taxonomic hierarchy.


As we move up in the taxonomic hierachy the number of SHARED characters become less.
18903.

Question : Define a tissue.

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Solution :A GROUP of similar or dissimilar cells which PERFORMS ESSENTIALLY the same FUNCTION and has a commonorigin is called a TISSUE.
18904.

Question : Define a taxon. What is meant by taxonomichierarchy ? Givea flow diagram from thelowest tohighest category for a plant and an animal. What happens to the number of individuals and number of shared characters as we go up the taxonomical hierarchy?

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Solution :Taxon is a scientific term used for different categories of classification.
TAXONOMIC hierarchy is POSITION of different taxonomic categories is ascending order, which describes thecomplets systematic position of any living organism.
GIVEN below is the flow diagram of taxonomic hierarchy


As we move up in the taxonomic hierarchy the number of SHARED characters become less.
18905.

Question : Define a taxon. Give some examples of taxa at different hierarchical levels.

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SOLUTION :Taxon is a group of organisms representing any level to category.
.Plants.- also FORM a TAX. WHEAT is also taxa. Similarly .animals., .mammals., .dogs. are animals. THEREFORE animals, mammals and dogs represent taxa at different levels.
18906.

Question : Define a taxon.

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Solution :Taxon: Each taxon represents a unit of classification. Each CATEGORY, referred to as a unit of classification, represents a rank and is commonly TERMED as taxon. Hence the categories like phylum, class, order ETC. are all taxons in classification.
18907.

Question : Define a taxon. Give some examples oftaxa at different hierarchical levels.

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Solution :Classification involves HIERARCHY of steps in which eac STEP represents a rank or category called a TAXON. e.g, kingdom, phylum, class, ORDER, FAMILY, genus and species.
18908.

Question : Define a sarvomere.

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ANSWER :ATLAS
18909.

Question : What is a operon? Give example.

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Solution :The clusters of gene with related functions are CALLED operons. They USUALLY transcribe single MRNA molecules. Eg`:` Lac OPERON in E.coli.
18910.

Question : (a) Ingestion- intake of food (b) Digestion-absorption ("c") Assimillation-breakdown of food (d) Egestion- Elimination of digested substances

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Solution :(a) Ingestion: The taking in of food is called ingestion
(b) Digestion: The BREAK down of the macromolecules into MICROMOLECULES by the action of digestive enzymes is called digestion.
(c) Absorption: The taking in of digested food materials in the blue stream is called absorption
(d)ASSIMILATION: The conversion of absorbed food materials into components of cells is called assimilation
(e) Egestion: The elimination of the undigested SUBSTANCES from the body is called egestion.
18911.

Question : Definea holobranch.

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SOLUTION :Holobrach is a COMPLETE gill and has TWO ROWS fo gillslamellae.
18912.

Question : Define a floral diagram.

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SOLUTION :It is a representation of the NUMBER and arrangement of floral PART in the CROSS section of a flower in the BUD condition. Floral formula is written below the floral diagram.
18913.

Question : Define Fungi.

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Solution :FUNGI are UBIQUITOUS, EUKARYOTIC, achlorophyllous heterotrophic organims. They EXIST in unicellular or multicellular forms.
18914.

Question : What is Virion? (or) Define Virion.

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SOLUTION :Viroin is an INTACT INFECTIVE VIRUS particle which is non-replcating outside a host cell.
18915.

Question : Deficiency symptoms of Essential Elements.

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Solution :Whenever the supply of an essential element becomes limited. plant growth Is retarded.
The concentration of the essential element below which plant growth Is retarded is termed as critical concentration.
The element is said to be deficient when present below the critical concentration.
DEFICIENCY symptoms and types : Each element has one or more specific structural or functional role In plants.
In plants the absence of any particular element, plant show certain morphological changes.
These morphological changes are indicative of certain element deficiencies and are called deficiency symptoms . The deficiency symptoms vary form element to element and they disappear when the deficiency mineral nutrient is provided to the plant.
However, if deprivation continues, it may eventually LEAD to the death of the plant.
The parts of the plant that show the deficiency symptoms also depend on the mobility of the element in the plant.
Mobilised elements : For elements that are actively mobilised within the plants and exported to YOUNG developing tissues.
The deficiency symptoms TEND to appear first in the older tissues. In the older leaves. biomolecules containing these elements are broken down. Making these elements available for mobilizing to younger leaves.
Immobilised elements : The deficiency symptoms tend to appear first In the young tissues whenever the elements are relatively immobile and arc not transported out of the mature organs.
For example. elements like sulphur and calcium are a part of the structural COMPONENT of the cell and hence are not easily released.
This aspect to mineral nutrition of plants Is of a great significance and importance to agriculture and horticulture.
18916.

Question : Deficiency symptoms first appear on young leaves due to

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Mobility
Immobility
Actively MOBILE minerals
Relatively IMMOBILE minerals

Answer :ENERGY COMPONENTS
18917.

Question : Deficiency of which mineral causes goitre disease

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iodine
zinc
chlorine
molybdenum

18918.

Question : Deficiency of which element causes chlorosis?

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MAGNESIUM
Calcium
Chlorine
Sodium

Answer :A
18919.

Question : Deficiency of vasopressin hormone causes

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DIABETES mellitus
goitre
diabetes inipidus
myxoedema

18920.

Question : State true or false. Deficiency of molybdenum causes whiptail disease of cauliflower

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ANSWER :1
18921.

Question : Deficiency of Iodine in our diet results in hypothyroidism.

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ANSWER :TRUE
18922.

Question : Deficiency of insulin results in diabetes mellitus.

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Solution :Lack of insulin or LESS secretion INCREASE sugar level in blood.
Excess sugar is excreted in urine.
FEELING of thirst, hunger INCREASES. Urination is more. Heart, Kidney, Eyes are affected. These are the symptoms of diabetes mellitus.
18923.

Question : Deficiency of growth hormone from childhood produces the disease called ____________while over secretion of that hormone from childhood causes __________

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ANSWER :DWARFISM ; GIGANTISM
18924.

Question : Deficiency of calciferol causes ……………………………….

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SCURVY
LEUCOPENIA
RICKETS
Leukaemia

Solution :Rickets
18925.

Question : Deficiency of vitamin D causes ______.

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Scurvy
Leucopenia
Leukaemia
Rickets

Answer :D
18926.

Question : Defects in ADH receptors or inability to secrete ADH leads to a condition called ...........

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diabetes MELLITUS
diabetes INSIPIDUS
Cushing's SYNDROME
RENAL failure

SOLUTION :diabetes insipidus
18927.

Question : Dedifferentiation can be usually shown by

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PERICYCLE of DICOT ROOT
Pericycle of dicot stem
Endodermis of dicot root
MEDULLA of dicot stem

Answer :A
18928.

Question : Dedifferentiation occurs during the formation of

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Cork CAMBIUM
VASCULAR cambium
1 & 2
Sclerenchyma

Answer :C
18929.

Question : Decsribe the structure of contractile proteins with diagram.

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Solution :Each actin FILAMENTS is having two forms Monomer G-actin and polymeric F-actin. <BR> G-actin is presence of `Mg^(++)` forms polymeric filamentous F-actin.
Tropomyosin also run close to the .F. actin throughout its length. br A complex protein troponin is distributed at regular intervals on the tropomyosin.
In a resting state a sub unit of troponin masks the active binding sites of myosin on the actin filaments.
(a) Troponin I`T_(p)I ("INHIBITOR location")`
(b)Troponin T`T_(p)T("Tropomyosin location")`
(c)Troponin C`T_(p)C (Ca^(++)" joining location")`

Each myosin filaments is formed of polymerised protein. They are present only in A disc
many monomeric proteins called Meromyosins constitute one tick filament.

Each meromyosins has two IMPORTANT parts, a globular head with a short arm and a tail, the former being called the heavy meromyosin (HMM) and the latter, the light meromyosin (LMM).
The HMM component, i.e, the head and short arm projects outwards at regular distance and angle from each other from the surface of a polymerised myosin filament and is known as cross arm.
The globular head is an active ATPase enzyme and has binding sites for ATP and active sites for actin.
18930.

Question : Decribe Z scheme of light reaction

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Solution :In photosystem II the REACTION centre chlorophyll-a absorbs 680 nm wavelenght of RED light causing electrons to become excited and jump into an orbit farther from theatomic nucleus.
These electrons are PICKED up by an ELECTRON acceptor which passes them to an electrons transport system.
This movement of electrons is downhill, in terms of an oxidation - reduction or redox potential scale.
The electrons are not used up as they pass through the electron transport chain, but are passed on to the pigments of photosystem PS-I.
Simultaneously, electrons in the reaction centre of PS-I are also excited when they receive red light of wavelenght 700 nm and are transferred to another acceptor molecule, that has a greater redox potential.
These electrons then are moved downhill again, this time to a molecule of energy rich `NADP^(+)`.The addition of these electrons reduces `NADP^(+)` to `NADPH+ H^(+)`.
This is a whole scheme of transfer of electrons, starting from the PS-II, uphill to the acceptor, down the electron transport chain to PS-I, excitation of electrons transfer to another acceptor, and finally down hill to `NADP^(+)` causing it to be reduced to NADPH `+ H^(+)`
This is called Z scheme due to its characteristic shape, (see : figure)
This shape is formed when all the carries are placed in a sequence on a redox potential scale.
18931.

Question : Decomposition is largely

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A non oxygenic process
An oxygen REQUIRING process
A RAPID process
Both (1) and (3)

ANSWER :B
18932.

Question : Decomposers like fungi and bacteria are i) autotrophs ii) heterotrophs iii) saprotrophs iv) chemo-autotrophs Choose the correct answer.

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i and III
i and IV
II and iii
i and ii

Answer :C
18933.

Question : Decomposers belong to

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Bacteria
Fungi
CYANOBACTERIA
Both 1 and 2

ANSWER :D
18934.

Question : Decomposers are under these kingdoms

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Fungi & plantae
Monera & Fungi
Protista & monera
Protista & Plantae

ANSWER :B
18935.

Question : Decomposers are also called as

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transducers
reducers
micro-consumers
both (2) and (3)

ANSWER :D
18936.

Question : Deciduous plants shed their leaves during hot summer or in autumn. This process of shedding of leaves is called abscission. Apart from physiological changes, what anatomical mechanism is involved in the abscission of leaves ?

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Solution :To shed leaves in SEASON of HOT summer of autumn by plants is CALLED abscission.
As per structure internal cells of falling off region are thin walled and without thickening of suberin and lignin.
At the time of shedding of leaves midsepta between cells of two mid layers gets dissolved but primary wall remains as it is (unbroken). Midsepta and wall of NEAR by cells, primary wall get, dissolved. As a result deciduous level in all cells of mid layer get dissolved completely.
Hence, organs of plant get separated. Means wherever there is RAIN fall or windy, leaves get separated from the plant.
18937.

Question : Death of _________ population is attributed to the medicine diclofenac.

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SPARROW
Squirrel
Vulture
deer

Answer :C
18938.

Question : Dead space is

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UPPER RESPIRATORY TRACT
Nasal chambers
Alveolar space
Lower respiratory tract

Solution :Upper respiratory tract
18939.

Question : DDT residues are rapidly passed through food chain causing biomagnification because DDT is

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MODERATELY toxic
non-toxic to AQUATIC animals
water soluble
lipid soluble

Answer :D
18940.

Question : Darwin's finches in Galapagos islands and Australian Marsupials are the example of

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INDUSTRIAL mechanism
Reproductive isolation
Genetic recombination
Adaptive recombination

Answer :D
18941.

Question : Dark reactions are dependent on light still are called as dark reactions. Why?

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Solution :Dark reactions DEPEND on LIGHT indirectly. They need the supply of ATP and NADPH from light reactions. Because facilitation of dark reactions do not REQUIRE light, they are called as dark reactions,
18942.

Question : Dark reaction occurs:

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only in light
only in the ABSENCE of light
independent of light
all of these

Answer :C
18943.

Question : Dark bands of muscle fibres are made of the protein ------------while light bands are composed of …………...

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SOLUTION :MYOSIN,ACTIN
18944.

Question : Dark reaction in photosynthesis is called so bacuse

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it can occur in DARK also
it does not DEPEND on LIGHT energy
it cannot occur during day light
it occurs more rapidly at night

Answer :D
18945.

Question : Dark reaction does not need light then why does dark reaction not take place at night?

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SOLUTION :Dark REACTION needs PRODUCTS of light reaction like ATP and NADPH hence cannot TAKE place at night.
18946.

Question : Dark bands are

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A-band
B-band
I-band
Ziline.

Solution :A MYOFIBRIL has dark and light BANDS. The dark bands are CALLED A bands (Anisotropic bands). Light bands are called I bands (isotropic bands).
18947.

Question : Daphnia is commonly known as ………………. .

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CLAM SHRIMP
fairy shrimp
water FLEAS
tadpole shrimp

SOLUTION :water fleas
18948.

Question :Damage to thymus in a child may lead to

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a reduction in haemoglobin CONTENT of blood
a reduction in STEM CELL PRODUCTION
a reduction in B-lymphocytes
loss of cell mediated immunity

Answer :D
18949.

Question : DAISY, the cyber tool is …………… .

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DIGITAL automated IDENTIFICATION SYSTEM
Digital automated information system
Direct automated identification system
Digital automated identification science

ANSWER :A
18950.

Question :Cytotoxid T cells are known for their ability to unite with

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HUMAN tissue cells
bacteria and viruses
MHC I BOUND ANTIGEN
SMALL molecules KNOWN as epitopes

Answer :C