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12751.

Question : Mention the role of Alpha interferon in treatment of cancer.

Answer»

SOLUTION :Activates the immune SYSTEM of CANCER PATIENT and helps in destroying the TUMOR.
Discussion
12752.

Question :Mention the role of epididymis.

Answer»

Solution :• Epididymis is a TEMPORARY store house for sperms.
• Sperms undergo PHYSIOLOGICAL maturation, increased motility and FERTILIZING CAPACITY inside epididymis.
Discussion
12753.

Question : Mention the production site and action site of following hormones. (a) GnRH (b) Relaxin

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SOLUTION :
Discussion
12754.

Question : Mention the reasons for population explosion.

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Solution :A rapid DECLINE in death RATE (MMR and IMR)
INCREASE in number of people in REPRODUCIBLE age .
Discussion
12755.

Question : Mention the principle on which ELISA is based.

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SOLUTION :To DETECT the VIRAL antigen proteins present in HIV infected individual.
Discussion
12756.

Question : Mention the primary steps towards reproductive health.

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SOLUTION :Counselling and creating awareness among people about reproductive ORGANS, adolescence and associated changes, safe and hygienic sexual PRACTICES, sexually TRANSMITTED diseases etc. are the primary steps TOWARDS reproductive health.
Discussion
12757.

Question : Mention the primary aim of the "Assisted Reproductive Technology" (ART) programme.

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Solution :ASSISTED reproductive TECHNOLOGY programmes are associated with some SPECIAL methods. The primary aim of assisted reproductive. Technology is to assist childrenless COUPLES having children through special methods like ZIFT, GIFT, ICSI, AI where corrections are not possible.
Discussion
12758.

Question : Mention the possible genotypes of A and B blood group individuals.

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SOLUTION :A BLOOD GROUP - `I^(A)I^(A),I^(A)i//I^(A)I^(O)`
B blood group - `I^(B)I^(B),I^(B)i//I^(B)I^(O)`
Discussion
12759.

Question : Name the type of interactions seen in each of the following examples: (b) Wasp pollinating an inflorescence.

Answer»

SOLUTION :Wasp laying eggs in FIG fruit-Mutualism.
DETAILED Answer:
OBLIGATE mutualism
Discussion
12760.

Question : Mention the population interactions exist among the following: Orchid ophrys and bees.

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SOLUTION :Orchid OPHRYS and BEES- Sexual DECEIT
Detailed ANSWER:
Mutualism
Discussion
12761.

Question : Name the type of interactions seen in each of the following examples: (c) Clown fish living among the tentacles of sea anemone.

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Solution :Sea-anemone and clown FISH- COMMEN salism.
DETAILED ANSWER:
Mutualistic RELATIONSHIP
Discussion
12762.

Question : Mention the population interactions exist among the following: Abingdon tortoise and goats in galapagos islands.

Answer»

Solution :Abingdon TORTOISE and goats in GALAPAGOS islands- Competition.
DETAILED Answer:
Competitive EXCLUSION
Discussion
12763.

Question : Mention the polarity of DNA stands a - b and c -d shown in the replicating fork given below.

Answer»

Solution :a -B has POLARITY `3^(1)-5^(1)`
continuous SYNTHESIS.
c - d has polarity `5^(1)-3^(1)`
Discontinuous synthesis.
Discussion
12764.

Question : Mention the population interactions exist among the following: Cuckoo lays eggs in crow's nest.

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Solution :Cuckoo LAYS eggs in crow.s nest- BROOD PARASITISM.
Detailed ANSWER:
Brood parasitism
Discussion
12765.

Question : Mention the plant species or their products which are popularly known as (a) Black Gold of India (b) Queen of spices

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SOLUTION :`{:("(a) QUEEN of SPECIES",-,"Cardamom"),("(b) Black Gold of India",-,"PEPPER"),("(c) King of bitters",-,"Andrographis paniculata"):}`
Discussion
12766.

Question : What is biofortification? Mention the objectives of biofortification.

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Solution :Objectives Of improving.
a) Protein CONTENT and QUALITY
B) Oil content and quality
c) VITAMIN content
d) Micronutrient and MINERAL content
Discussion
12767.

Question : Mention the number of chromosomes found in the following cells of humans: (a) Primary oocyte (b) Secondary oocyte (c) Ootid (d) Follicle.

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SOLUTION :a) PRIMARY oocyte `-46`
b) Secondary oocyte `- 23`
c) OOTID `- 23`
d) Follicle `-46`
Discussion
12768.

Question : Mention the names of any two Tamil Nadu agricultural crops that was granted Geographical Indication (GI) tag recently.

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SOLUTION :(a) Kodailkanal hills garlic
(b ) MADURAI MALLI
Discussion
12769.

Question : Mention the names of any two IUCD.

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SOLUTION :LOOP, copper-T, s
Discussion
12770.

Question : Mention the name of any four plant species that are widely used as live fences in agricultural practicer.

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SOLUTION :(a) Gliricidia SEPIUM (b) Sesbania GRANDIFLORA (C) Erythrina species (d) Acacia species
Discussion
12771.

Question : Mention the manifestation of the disease - Haemophilia-A

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SOLUTION :HAEMOPHILIA A is a X-linked DISEASE which is characterised by PROLONGED CLOTTING time and intemal blecding
Discussion
12772.

Question : Mention the name of man-made cereal. How it is developed?

Answer»

Solution :Triticale, the successful first man MADE cereal Depending on the ploidy level Triticale can be divided into three main groups :
(i) TETRAPLOIDY : Cross between diploid wheat and rye.
(ii) Hexaplodiy : Crosses between tetraploid wheat Tritium durum (macaroni wheat ) and rye. (iii) Octoploidy : Crosses between haxalploid wheat T. aestivum (BREAD wheat ) and rye.
Hexaploily Triticale hybrid plants DEMONSTRATE characteristics of both macaroni wheat and rye. For example , they combine the high - protein content of wheat with rye.s high content of the amino acid lysine, which is low in wheat.
Discussion
12773.

Question : Mention the major threats to biodiversity caused by human activities.

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Solution :Human activities, both directly and indirectly are today.s main reason for BIODIVERSITY loss. Fragmentation and degradation due to agricultural pract (mining, FISHING, logging and harvesting) and development (settlements," associated infrastructures) leads to habitat loss and fragmentation leads to isolated, small and scattered populations and as endangered species.
Some of the other THREATS include specialised diet, specialized habitat require small population size, limited geographic distribution and high economic VALUE. Large mammals by virtue of their size require larger areas to obtain life - food, cover and mates than do smaller mammals. Individual home range about 100 square Km. Mammals have specialized dietary needs such as carn and the need to forage over much larger areas than general dietary herbivorce Mammals also have low reproductive output other than small rodents.
Discussion
12774.

Question : Mention the major stages involved in crossing over.

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Solution :CROSSING over is a precise process that includes stages like SYNAPSIS , TETRAD FORMATION , cross over and terminalization.
Discussion
12775.

Question : Mention the main three events in sexual reproduction .

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SOLUTION :PRE - FERTILISATION EVENTS .
Fertilisation Events .
POST- fertilisation Events .
Discussion
12776.

Question : Mention the location and structure of testes and explain about seminiferous tubules.

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Solution :The male REPRODUCTIVE system is located in the pelvis region.

It includes a pair of testes along with accessory ducts, glans and the external genitalia.
Testes : The testes are situated outside the abdominal cavity within a pouch called scrotum. The development of testes begin when it is in abdominal cavity. Then they come down to scrotum.
The scrotum helps in maintaining the low temperature of the testes (`2-2.5""^(@)C` lower than the normal internal temperature) necessary for spermatogenesis.
In adults, each testis is oval in shape with a length of about 4 to 5 cm and a width of about 2 to 3 cm.
The testis is covered by a dense covering.
Seminiferous tubules : Each testis has about 250 compartments called testicular LOBULES.
Each LOBULE contains one to three highly coiled seminiferous tubules in which sperms are produced.
Each seminiferous tubule is lined on its INSIDE by two types of cells male germ cells and sertoli cells.
The male germ cells undergo meiotic divisions finally leading to sperm formation. Sertoli cells PROVIDE nutrition to the germ cells.
The region outside the seminiferous tubules called interstitial spacescontain small blood vessels are interstitial cells of leydig cells.
Leydig cells synthesize and secrete testicular hormones called androgens. Other immunologically competent cells are also present.
Discussion
12777.

Question : Mention the life cycle of Plasmodium ?

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SOLUTION :Plasmodium enters the human body as sporozoites, which is the infectious form of plasmodium, through the bite of infected female Anopheles mosquito.
The parasites initially multiply WITHIN the LIVER cells and then attack the red blood cells.
Haem of haemoglobin is converted into Haemozoine and globin becomes food for parasite.
The RBC rupture because of the release of a toxic substances haemozoin, which is RESPONSIBLE for the chill and high fever recurring every three to four days.
When a female Anopheles mosquito bites an infected person, these parasites enter the mosquito.s body and undergo further development.
They multiply within the mosquito.s body to form sporozoites that are stored in the salivary glands.
When these mosquitos bite a human, the sporozoites are introduced into his/her body, thereby initiating the events MENTIONED above.
It is interesting to know that the malarial parasite requires two hosts - human and mosquitoes to complete its life cycle.
The female Anopheles mosquito is the vector
Discussion
12778.

Question : Mention the main objections to Darwinism.

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Solution :Some objections RAISED against Darwinism were -
Darwin failed to explain the mechanism of variation.
Darwinism explains the survival of the fittest but not the arrival of the fittest.
He focused on small fluctuating variations that are mostly non-heritable.
He did not distinguish between somatic and germinal variations.
He could not explain the occurrence of VESTIGIAL organs, over SPECIALIZATION of some organs like large tusks in extinct MAMMOTHS and oversized antlers in the extinct Irish DEER, etc.
Discussion
12779.

Question : Mention the inhibitory role of tetracycline and streptomycin in bacterial translation.

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Solution :Tetracycline inhibits binding between AMINOACYL tRNA and MRNA
Streptomycin inhibits initiation of TRANSLATION and causes misreading
Discussion
12780.

Question : Mentionthekindofbiodiversity ofmore than a thousand varieties of mangoes in indiare[resent . How is possible ?

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SOLUTION :THEDIFFERENT varietiesof maggoes in indiarepresent genetic diversity the VAST geneticdiversity is because india lieswithintropicallatitudesgiving it a CONSTANT andpredictable environment Alsomoresolar energyIs availablewhichleads to higher PRODUCTIVITY .
Discussion
12781.

Question : Mention the information that the health workers derive by measuring BOD of a water body.

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Solution :WHETHER the TREATED SEWAGE is discharged into the RIVER or not.
Discussion
12782.

Question : Mention the important points needed for successful beekeeping.

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Solution :The FOLLOWING are the important POINTS needed for successful beekeeping-
i) KNOWLEDGE of the nature and habits of bees.
ii) Selection of suitable location for keeping the beehives.
iii) Catching and hiving of swarms.
iv) Management of beehives during different SEASONS.
v) Handling and COLLECTION of honey and beeswax.
Discussion
12783.

Question : Mention the importance of selectable markers in plasmids.

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SOLUTION :It HELPS in IDENTIFYING and eliminating non transformants and-selectively permitting the GROWTH of the trạnsformants.
Discussion
12784.

Question : Mention the importance of Recombinant-DNA technology in terms of Vaccination ?

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Solution :RECOMBINANT DNA technology has allowed the production of antigenic POLYPEPTIDES of pathogen in BACTERIA or yeast.
Vaccines PRODUCED USING this approach allow large scale production and hence availability for immunization, eg., hepatitis B vaccine is produced from yeast.
Discussion
12785.

Question : Mention the importance of the position of the testes in the humans.

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Solution :The testes are POSITIONED in such a way hanging out from the body in scrotal SAC that PROVIDES optimal temperature `2^@C `to `3^@C` lower than internal body temperature for EFFECTIVE sperm production.
Discussion
12786.

Question : Mention the importance of LH surge duringmenstrual cycle.

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Solution :Due to more secretion of LH in the middle of menstrual cycle, Graafian follicle breaks and due to that ovum is released at this time REMAINING PARTS of graafian follicle are transformed into CORPUS leuteum. Corpus leuteum secretes more amount of projesterone which is NECESSARY for maintenance of ENDOMETRIUM. For implantation of such endometrium fertilized ovum and remaining processes of conceiving.
Discussion
12787.

Question : Name the hormones produced from the placenta during pregnancy.

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Solution :(1) human Chorionic Gonadotropin (HCG)
(ii) human Chorionic Somatomammotropin (HCS)
(iii) human Placental Lactogen (HPL)
(IV) Oestrogen and PROGESTERONE and relaxin.
Discussion
12788.

Question : Mention the hormone produced by cells of leydig (testes) and state the function of the hormone.

Answer»

SOLUTION :ANDROGEN HORMONES - TESTOSTERONE
Discussion
12789.

Question : Mention the genotype of the parents when their children are with A, B, AB, O blood groups.

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Solution :PARENTS have the GENOTYPE as `1^A and 1^Bi`.
Detailed Answer:
If the parents has
Parent-1 Blood group A
Parent-2 Blood group B
Then there are POSSIBILITY of having A, B, AB, O blood group in children.
Discussion
12790.

Question : Mention the genetic makeup of Turner's syndrome person and Klinerfelter's syndrome person.

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SOLUTION :Kilnefelter.s SYNDROME - 44AA+XXY
Turner.s syndrome - 44AA+XO
Discussion
12791.

Question : Mention the functions of ecosystem.

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Solution :Productivity
DECOMPOSITION
ENERGY FLOW
NUTRIENT CYCLING
Discussion
12792.

Question : Mention the functional components of ecosystem,

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SOLUTION :PRODUCTIVITY, Decomposition, ENERGY FLOW, Nutrient cycling.
Discussion
12793.

Question : Mention the function of sertoli cells of testes.

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SOLUTION :Sertoli CELLS PROVIDE nutrition to the germ cells during SPERMATOGENESIS.
Discussion
12794.

Question : Mention the function and source of Heroin?

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Solution :Heroine commonly called smack or brown SUGAR and chemically as diacetylmorphine.
It is white, odorless, bitter crystalline compound.
It is obtained by acetylation of morphine, which is extracted from the latex of poppy PLANT Papaver somniferum.
Generally TAKEN by snorting and injection.
Heroin is a depressant and SLOWS down BODY function.
Discussion
12795.

Question : Write the four traits for which plant breeding is done.

Answer»

Solution :(i) Increased crop yield and improved quality.
(ii) Increased tolerance to environmental stresses (SALINITY, extreme temperature, DROUGHT)
(iii) Resistance to pathogens (Viruses, fungi and bacteria)
(IV) Increased tolerance to insect PESTS.
Discussion
12796.

Question : Mention the function of codon UAG.

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SOLUTION :CHAIN TERMINATION during PROTEIN SYNTHESIS.
Discussion
12797.

Question : Mention the four categories of ecosystem services.

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Solution :(a) PROVISIONING services (b) CULTURAL services
(C) Supporting services (d) Regulating services
Discussion
12798.

Question : Mention the four basic processes,· because of which density of a population in a given habitat during a given period fluctuates.

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SOLUTION :NATALITY, MORTALITY, IMMIGRATION and emmigration.
Discussion
12799.

Question : Mention the formula to express exponential growth.

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SOLUTION :`dN//dt = RN.`
Discussion
12800.

Question : Mention the first vaccine developed against any human diseases.

Answer»

Solution :SMALL POX vaccine was the first vaccine DEVELOPED for protection of HUMAN beings.
Discussion