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17051.

Question : Given a brief account on pollination process in Zea mays.

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Solution :The maize is monoceious and unisexual . The male inflorescence (tassel) is borne terminally and female inflorescence (cob) laterally at lower levels . Maize pollens are large and heavy and cannot by carried by light breeze . However , the mild wind SHAKES the male inflorescence to release the pollen which falls vertically below . The female inflorescence has long STIGMA (silk) measuring upto 23 cm in length which projects BEYOND LEAVES . The pollens DROP from hte tassel is caught by the stigma.
Discussion
17052.

Question : What is antibiotic resistant markers ?

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Solution :An antibiotic resistance market is a gene that produces a PROTEIN that provides cells with resistance to an antibiotic. BACTERIA with transformer DNA can be identified by growing on a medium containing. An antibiotic . Recombinants will GROW on these medium as they contain genes encoding resistance to antibiotics such as amphicillin, chloramphenicol , tetracycline or KANAMYCIN,etc ., while other may be not ABLE to grow in these media, hence it is considered useful selecble marker.
Discussion
17053.

Question : Give types and functions of Nuclease Enzyme.

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Solution :RESTRICTION enzymes BELONG to a larger class of enzymes called nucleases.
(i) Exonuclease Enzymes : They remove nucleotides from the ends of the DNA.
(ii) Endonuclease : ENDONUCLEASES make cuts at specific positions within the DNA.

Each restriction endonuclease functions by inspecting the length of a DNA sequence. Once it finds the specific recognition sequence it will bind to the DNA.
And cut each of the two strands of the double helix at specific points in their sugar phosphate backbones.
Each restriction endonuclease recognises a specific palindromic nucleotide sequence in the DNA.
The palindrome in DNA is a sequence of BASE pairs that reads same on the two strands when orientation of reading is kept the same.
E.g. the following sequences reads the same on the two strands in `5.rarr3.` direction. This is ALSO true if read in the `3. rarr 5.` direction. `5.-"GAATTC"-3.`
`3. -"CTTAAG"-5.`
When restriction endonuclease work on Polyandrome then it cuts both sequences of DNA molecule.
Some enzymes cut two strands symmetrically and make blunt ends while other enzymes cut the strands asymmetrically and make sticky ends.
In recombinant - DNA technology such enzymes are used which cut DNA and make sticky ends.
While plasmids and desired/Foreign DNA, both are cut by same enzyme, the resultant DNA fragments have the same kind of sticky ends.
Such cut fragments of DNA can be joined together by use of DNA ligase enzyme.

Unless one cuts the vector and source DNA with the same restriction enzyme, the recombinant vector molecule cannot be created.
Discussion
17054.

Question : Give various ecological services.

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Solution :Healthy ecosystem are the base for a wide range of economic environmental and aesthetic goods and services.
The products of ecosystem processess are named as ecosystem services, for example, healthy forest ecosystems purify air and water, mitigate droughts and floods, cycle nutrients, generate fertile soils, provide wildlife habitat, maintain biodiversity, pollinate crops, provide storage site for carbon and also provide aesthetic, cultural and spiritual values.
Robert Constanza and his colleagues have very recently tried or PUT price tags on nature.s life - support services.
Researchers have put an average price tag of `US $ 33` trillion a year on thesefundamental ecosystems services which are largely TAKEN for granted because they are free.
This is nearly twice the value of the global gross national product of GNP which is (US $ 18 trillion).
Out of the TOTAL cost of various ecosystem services, the soil formation accounts for about 50 per cent and contributions of other services like recreation and nutrient cycling are less than 10 per cent each.
The cost of climate regulation andabitat for wildlife are about 6 per cent each.
Discussion
17055.

Question : Give two varieties of silk which are considered as of inferior quality.

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SOLUTION :Inferior VARIETIES of SILK are TUSSAR silk and ERI silk.
Discussion
17056.

Question : Give twosoap substitutesprovided by forests.

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SOLUTION :Ritha, SHIKAKAI.
Discussion
17057.

Question : give two reasons why both the strand of DNA are not copied during transcription.

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Solution :(a) If both the strands of DNA are copied , two different RNAs (complementery to each other) and hence two different polyeptides, if a segment of DNA produces two polypeptides, the GENETIC information machinery becomes complicated.
(b) The two complementary RNA molecules (produced simultaneously) would form a double- stranded RNA rather than gething TRANSLATED into polypeptides.
( c ) RNA POLYMERASE carries out polymerisation in 5.-3. direction and hence the DNA STRAND with 3.-5. polarity acts asthe template strand. (Any two)
Discussion
17058.

Question : Give two reasons as to why a weed such a Calotropis flourishes in abandoned fields.

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Solution :(i) Calotropis (MILK weed) produces cardiac glycosides toxins , called calotropin, to avoid grazing by the cattels, goats , etc.
(II) Extracts of its flowers have STRONG cytotoxic activity.
Discussion
17059.

Question : Give two important contributions of Dr. M.S. Swaminathan

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Solution :DR. M.S. Swaminathan is called Father of GREEN Revolution. He developed high yielding VARIETIES of WHEAT Sonalika and Kalyan sona. He developed hybrid varieties of maize, jowar and bajra.
Discussion
17060.

Question : Give two important contributions of Dr. M.S. Swaminathan.

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SOLUTION : (i) M.S. Swaminathan developed short-duration HIGH yielding varieties of rice including scented Basmati.
(ii) He is also known for the development of the concept of crop cafeteria, crop SCHEDULING and genetically IMPROVING the yield and quality.
Discussion
17061.

Question : Give two functions of testes.

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SOLUTION :FORMATION of SPERM and secretion of MALE sex hormone testosterone
Discussion
17062.

Question : Give two examples of vulnerable mammal species.

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SOLUTION :CLOUDED LEOPARD and MUSK DEER.
Discussion
17063.

Question : Give two examples of secondary pollutants ?

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ANSWER :A::D
Discussion
17064.

Question : Give two examples of homopolysaccharides

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ANSWER :STARCH,CELLULOSE
Discussion
17065.

Question : Give two examples of essential amino acids.

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ANSWER :LEUCINE,PHENYLALANINE
Discussion
17066.

Question : Give two examples of connecting links.

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SOLUTION :PERIPATUS, LUNG FISHES
Discussion
17067.

Question : Give two examples of homologous organs.

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SOLUTION :Wings of BIRDS and flippers of seal, PHYLLODE of Opuntia and CLADODE of Ruscus
Discussion
17068.

Question : Give two examples of commensalism.

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SOLUTION :BACTERIUM Escherichia COLI in human colon, ORCHIDS GROWING on other plants.
Discussion
17069.

Question : Give two examples of artificial or man made ecosystems. List the salient features by which they differ from natural ecosystems.

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Solution :Aquarium and farm HOUSE are two manmade ecosystem.
In artificial ecosystem biotic and abiotic components are maintained artificially like in aquarium fishes are provided with oxygen supply, cleaning, food supply and irrigation is carried out in crop or farm house.
When abiotic or biotic components are maintained naturally in natural ecosystems ecological services like NUTRIENT cycling, self stability, leaching, ABSORPTION of pollutants and fear developed due to global WARMING (ecological services) etc.
Discussion
17070.

Question : Give any two examples of commensalism.

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Solution :(1) SEA ANEMONE mounted on the SHELL of hermit crab.
(2) Sucker fish attached to the body of a shark. (3) BARNACLES seen on the body of a whale. (4) Golden jackals following safe distance behind TIGER to share the tiger's kills.
Discussion
17071.

Question : Give two examples of chromosomal disorders showing trisomy.

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SOLUTION :Trisomy of 18th chromosomes is CALLED Edward's SYNDROME and trisomy of 21ST CHROMOSOME is called Down's syndrome.
Discussion
17072.

Question : Give two examples of animals belonging to rare species.

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SOLUTION :GREAT INDIAN BUSTARD and HawaiianMonk SEAL.
Discussion
17073.

Question : Give two advantages of exotic breeds over the indigenous breeds of fowls.

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Solution :Exotic breeds consume LESS feed and lay more EGGS.
Discussion
17074.

Question : Give true ascending order of species diversity.

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`"KINGDOM"rarr"Family"rarr"SPECIES"rarr"Variety"`
`"Variety"rarr"Species "rarr"Genus"rarr"Family"`
`"Kingdom"rarr"Variety"rarr"Genus"rarr"Family"`
`"Sub species"rarr"PHYLLUM"rarr"Famil"rarr"Genus"`

SOLUTION :`"Variety"rarr"Species"rarr"Genus"rarr"Family"`
Discussion
17075.

Question : Give three hypotheses for explanining why tropics show greatest levels of species richness.

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SOLUTION :a. Tropical regions have remained RELATIVELY undisturbed for millionsof years and thus had a long time for species diversification.
B. Tropical environments are less seasonal, relatively more constant and predictable.
C. Availability of more solar energy and this CONTRIBUTES much productivity.
Discussion
17076.

Question : Give the various methods to make bacteria a competent host.

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Solution :DNA is a hydrophilic molecule, it cannot pass through cell MEMBRANES. In order to force bacteria to take up the plasmids the bacterial cells must be made competent to take up DNA. This is done by following way.
Bacterial cell is treated with a specific concentration of a divalent cation such as calcium.
Which INCREASES the EFFICIENCY of DNA to enter the bacterium through pores in its cell wall.
r-DNA can then be forced into such cells by incubating the cells with recombinant DNA on ice, followed by placing them briefly at `42^(@)C`, and then putting them back on ice. This enables the bacteria to take up the recombinant DNA.
Micro-injection : Recombinant DNA is directly injected into the nucleus of an animal cell.
Particle Bombardements : Celis are BOMBARDED with high velocity micro particles of gold or tungsten coated with DNA in a method known as biolistics or gene gun. And the last method uses disarmed pathogen vectors, which when allowed to infect the cells transfer the recombinant DNA into the host.
Discussion
17077.

Question : Give three examples of false fruit.

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ANSWER :APPLE, PINEAPPLE, JACK FRUITS
Discussion
17078.

Question : Give three examples of chemoautotrophs.

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Solution :Nitrosomonas, THIOBACILLUS and Ferrobacillus are the three EXAMPLES of CHEMOAUTOTROPHS.
Discussion
17079.

Question : Give the use of bovine growth hormone.

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SOLUTION :BOVINE growth HORMONE increases cattle and dairy yields, THUS it is used for enhancing dairy PRODUCTIVITY.
Discussion
17080.

Question : Give the two example for non-allellic/intergenic interaction with example

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Solution :(i) Complementary GENES - `9 : 7`
SUPPLEMENTARY genes -`9 : 3 :4`
Discussion
17081.

Question : Give the two name of cry gene which control the cotton bollworms :-

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ANSWER :CRY I AC, cry II AB
Discussion
17082.

Question : Give the types of blood proteins and human hormones produced by recombinant DNA - technique.

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Solution :1. The TYPES of blood proteins produced by recombinant DNA-technique are erythropoeitin, Factors VII, VIII, IX, TISSUE plasminogen activator (TPA) and UROKINASE.
2. Human hormones produced by recombinant DNA- technique are epidermal growth factor, follicle stimulating hormone, insulin etc.
Discussion
17083.

Question : Give the term for the rapid decline of a population within short period.

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SOLUTION :POPULATION CRASH.
Discussion
17084.

Question : Give the term for the process of rearing honey bees

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ANSWER :APICULTURE
Discussion
17085.

Question : Give the term for the graph showing the pattern of growth of a population.

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SOLUTION :GROWTH CURVE.
Discussion
17086.

Question : Give the term for reradiatingof heatradiationsby atomosphere dust ,water vapours ,CO_-2,CH-_4,O_2

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SOLUTION :GREEN HOUSE EFFECT
Discussion
17087.

Question : Give the term for rapid poulation growth.

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SOLUTION :POPULATION EXPLOSION.
Discussion
17088.

Question : Give the term for rapid population decline and rapid population growth.

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SOLUTION :POPULATION CRASH and Population EXPLOSION
Discussion
17089.

Question : Give the term for pre-natal diagnostic technique aimed to know the sex of developing foetus and congenital disorders'

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SOLUTION :AMNIOCENTESIS.
Discussion
17090.

Question : Give the term for pollinatio by bats.

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ANSWER :Chiropterophily;
Discussion
17091.

Question : Give the term for a habitual drinker.

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SOLUTION :ALCOHOLIC,
Discussion
17092.

Question : Give the technical terms for the following Protective sheath of radicle.

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SOLUTION :Coleorhizae
Discussion
17093.

Question : Give the technical terms for the following Produce seeds without fertilization.

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SOLUTION :PARTHENOCARPY
Discussion
17094.

Question : Give the technical terms for the following Persistent nucellus

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SOLUTION :PERISPERM
Discussion
17095.

Question : Give the technical terms for the following Cotyledons of grass family

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SOLUTION :SCUTELLUM
Discussion
17096.

Question : Give the taxonomic position of Indian cattleleech.

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SOLUTION :
Discussion
17097.

Question : Give the technical terminologies for the following statements. (a) Autonomous, self - replicating , circular DNA (b) Molecular scissors (c) Symmetrical repeated sequence in DNA strands (d) Mobile genetic elements

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Solution :(a) PLASMID (B) Restriction ENZYMES (c) PALINDROME sequence (d) Transposes
Discussion
17098.

Question : Give the taxonomic position of rabbit.

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SOLUTION :
Discussion
17099.

Question : Attempt any TWO of the following : Give the symtoms of typhoid fever and draw a labelled diagram of its causal organism.

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Solution :
(1) The characteristic symptom of typhoid is slowly progressing fever as HIGH as `40^(@)C" or "104^(@)F`, profuse sweating and GASTROENTERITIS.
(2) Less common symptom is a rash of flat, rose-coloured spots that APPEAR on the body.
(3) The course of untreated typhoid fever is DIVIDED into four stages, each lasting for about a week.
(4) In the first week, there is a slowly rising temperature with relative bradycardia, malaise, headache, cough, bleeding nose or epitaxis and abdominal pain.
(5) Later, there is leukopenia or decrease in the number of circulating white blood cells, along with eosinopenia and relative lymphocytosis.
Discussion
17100.

Question : Give the summary equation of dark reaction.

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SOLUTION :`CO_(2)+2NADPH_(2)+2ATPrarr(CH_(2)O)+H_(2)O+2NADP+iP`
Discussion