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17651.

Question : Differentiate Exons and Introns

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SOLUTION :
Discussion
17652.

Question : Distinguish between evergreen forests and sclerophyllous forests.

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SOLUTION :
Discussion
17653.

Question : Distinguish between Epitope and Paratope.

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SOLUTION :
Discussion
17654.

Question : Distinguish betweenendemic species and threatened species .

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SOLUTION :Endemicspecices REFERS to thespecieswhichis foundonly in a particulararea because ofisolationand climcatic CONDITION .
Discussion
17655.

Question : Distinguish between C_(3) pathway and C_(4) pathway.

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Solution :Difference between `C_(3)` pathway and `C_(4)` pathway :
Discussion
17656.

Question : What is tumor? Distinguish between Benign tomour and malignant tumour.

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SOLUTION :
Discussion
17657.

Question : Distinguish between bengin andmaglinant tumor .

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SOLUTION :
Discussion
17658.

Question : Distinguish between asexual and sexual reproductions. Why is vegetative reproduction also considered a type of asexual reproduction?

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SOLUTION :
Discussion
17659.

Question : Why vegetative reproduction is also considered as a type of asexual reproduction ?

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Solution :Vegetative reproduction involves a SINGLE parent and its offsprings are genetically udentical, hence, it is considered as a type of ASEXUAL reproduction.
Discussion
17660.

Question : Differentiate between aerobic and anaerobic respiration

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SOLUTION :
Discussion
17661.

Question : Distinguish betweena.Grazing food chain and detritus food chainb.Production and decompositionc.Upright and inverted pyramidd. Food chain and Food webe.Litter and detritusf.Primary and secondary productivity

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Solution :a. Grazing food chain : The plant BIOMASS is eaten by herbivores which are subsequently consumed by a variety of carnivores.
Detritus food chain :Here the food chain begins from dead bodies of animals and fallen leaves commonly TERMED as detritus.
b.Production refers to the process of synthesis of organic compounds from inorganic substances such as `CO_(2), H_(2)O` and minerals utlizing generally the SUNLIGHT. It is mainly done by plants.
Decomposition : The process of breaking down a substance into its constituent parts. It is brought about by reducer organisms.
c.Upright pyramid :When the number of producer organisms or their biomass is maximum in an ecosystem and these decrease progressively at each trophic LEVEL in a food chain, we get upright pyramid.
Inverted pyramid :When the number of individuals or their biomass at producer level is minimum and it increases progressively at each trophic level in a food chain, then we get inverted pyramid.
d.Food chain :The sequential inter-linking of organisms involving the transfer of food energy from the producers, through a series of organisms with repeated eating and being eaten is referred to as the food chain.
Food web is a network of food chains which become inter - connected at various trophic levels so as to form a number of feeding connections amongst different organisms of a biotic community.
e.Detritus : Dead remains of plants and animals constitute the detritus.It is differentiated into litter fall and below ground detritus.
Litter is above ground detritus. The dead remains of plants and dead remains of animals, their faecal matter that fall on the surface of earth in terrestrial ecosystem is litter.
f. PRIMARY productivity refers to the rate of production of biomass or organic matter per unit area over a time period by the producers in an ecosystem. Secondary productivity referes to the rate of production of biomass or organic matter over a time period by the consumers.
Discussion
17662.

Question : Distinct layers of soil are called horizons while their arrangment is called soil profile.

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ANSWER :TRUE
Discussion
17663.

Question : Distance between the genes and percentage of recombination shows

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a direct relationship
an inverse relationship
a parallel relationship
no relationship

Solution :DISTANCE between the genes and PERCENTAGE of RECOMBINATION SHOWS direct relationship. i.e. when the genes are very close to each other they show high degree linkage and EXHIBIT low recombination percentage.
Discussion
17664.

Question : Distance between the ganes and prcentage of recombination shows.

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A direct relationship
An inverse relationship
A PARALLEL RELATIONSHI p
No relationship.

Answer :A
Discussion
17665.

Question : Dissociation curve shifts to right when

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`O_2` CONCENTRATION DECREASES
`CO_2` concentration decreases
 ` CO_2` concentration increases
Chloride concentration increases

Answer :C
Discussion
17666.

Question : Disscuss biefly the following: (a) Radioactivewastes . (b) Defunctionshipsande-waster . (c) Municipal solid wastes.

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Solution :a. Radioactivewaste materialsarereleased formthermonuclearexplosions. Radioactiveisotopers ,suchas radium - 226, thorium -232, potassium - 40 , uranium - 235 , CARBON - 14 etc . Are spread all over the worldand contaminateair , soil , water , vegetation and animals .
b. Irrepairbleelectronic goods and computers are called electronic wastes (e- waster).
Shipsthat are no longerin useor that ARETO be dismantled are called defuntships. Asbestos , Polychlorinated Biphenyl (PCB) produced duringdismantling defuntship causeserioushealth hazards ESPECIALLY cancer.
C. Municipal solidswastesare wastes from homes ,officesstores, schools,hospitals , etc., that are collectedand disposedby themunicipality.
Discussion
17667.

Question : Disscus briefly the following : a. Greenhousegasesb. Catalyticconverterc. Ultraviolet B.

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Solution :a. Dueto overpopulaiton anddeforestation, industrialand domesticcoal buringrelease highamount of carbondioxide into the environment . The amountof carbon monoxide emitted by theautomobiles , other gases LIKE CHLOROFLUOROCARBON (CFCs) ,methane `(CH_(4))` nitrous oxide `(N_(2)O)`etc increaseraditionare again reflectedback toearth.
b. A reactionchambertypically containinga finelydivided platinumiridium CATALYST into which exhaustgases from an automotiveengineare passedtogetherwithexcess air sothat carbonmonoxideand hydrocarbonpollutants areoxidizedto carbondioxde and waster .
c. Of or RELATING to therangeof invisibleradiationwavelenght from about 4 nanometer, on the border of the x - rayregion , to about380 nanometer , justbeyond the violet in the visible spectrum.
Discussion
17668.

Question : Disruptive selection :

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ELIMINATES uncommon FORMS of alleles
does not favour INTERMEDIATE forms of a trait
shifts ALLELE frequencies in a steady, consistent direction
all of the above

Solution :N/A
Discussion
17669.

Question : Disposal of sewage into water without proper treatment may cause out break of serious discases. Given reason.

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Solution :The sewage WATER contains large quantity of human EXCRETA and ORGANIC WASTE, it also contains many microbes, it causes many water borne diseases.
Discussion
17670.

Question : Disproportionate gigantism is termed

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Acromegaly
Cretinism
Dwarfism
Myxoedema

Answer :A
Discussion
17671.

Question : Disorders in which B-lymphocytes are not formed is

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AIDS
SCID
CYSTIC fibrosis
Muscular dystrophy

Solution :SCID
Discussion
17672.

Question : Disorder due to ADA deficiency can be overcame by …………

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RNA interference
PCR
ELISA
Gene THERAPY

ANSWER :B
Discussion
17673.

Question : Diseases which are spread by mosquito can be controlled by fishes like............

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GAMBUSIA
CATLA
Rohu
Cat FISH

SOLUTION :Gambusia
Discussion
17674.

Question : Diseases treated by stem cell therapy.

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SOLUTION :PARKINSON's DISEASE and ALZHEIMER's disease.
Discussion
17675.

Question : Diseases like dysentery, cholera, typhoid, etc., are more common in over crowded human settlements . Why ?

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SOLUTION :Dysentery, cholera and typhoid are more common in crowded settlements because these are INFECTIOUS diseases and spread from person to person contact. Water GETS CONTAMINATED with the excreta of infected people and causes the spread of INFECTION to other people.
Discussion
17676.

Question : Diseases like dysentery, cholera, typhoid etc., are more common in over crowded human settlements. Why?

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Solution :Diseases like DYSENTERY, cholera, typhoid etc., are more COMMON in OVERCROWDED human settlements with POOR hygiene conditions.
Due to heaps of garbage, human excreta and animal excreta in open.
because these are infectious diseases that can transmitted from one person to another.
Chances of spread of diseases like cholera, typhoid, TB increases.
In overcrowded settlements there is more chances of transmission of disease from one person to other.
Discussion
17677.

Question : Diseases are classified into how many types ?

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TWO
FOUR
SIX
Eight

Solution :Two
Discussion
17678.

Question : Diseases caused by pleiotropic genes are

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Syndrmes
Reversible by DIET THERAPY
Reversible by GENE therapy
Extremely RARE

Answer :A
Discussion
17679.

Question : Diseases are classified into

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INFECTIOUS DISEASE only
Non-infectious disease only
Infectious and non-infectious
Harmful diseases

Solution :Infectious and non-infectious
Discussion
17680.

Question : Diseases are broadly grouped into Infectious and non-infectious diseases. In the list given below, identify the infectious diseases. (i)Cancer (ii) Influenza (iii) Allergy (iv) Small pox(A) I and ii(B) ii and iii(C) iii and iv(D) ii and iv

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I and II
ii and iii
iii and IV
ii and iv

Solution :Non infectious DISEASES : CANCER, Allergy.
Infectious diseases : Influenza, Small pox.
Discussion
17681.

Question : Disease rsistance is obtained through

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COLCHICINE treatment
crossing with wild relatives
X ray treatment
hormone treatment

ANSWER :B
Discussion
17682.

Question : Disease resistant crop is obtained by

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CROSSING with new VARIETIES
crossing with wild varieties
injecting with organi COMPOUNDS
crossing with recesive varieties

ANSWER :B
Discussion
17683.

Question : Disease occuring in the form of sudden attack of loud crowing inspiration in chlidren is

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WHOOPING cough
Diphtheria
Tuberculosis
Pneumonia

Answer :A
Discussion
17684.

Question : Disease resistance crop is obtained by

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Crossing with new varieties
Crossing with WILD varieties
Injecting with ORGANIC compounds
None of the above

Answer :B
Discussion
17685.

Question : Disease like chlamydia, trichomoniasis and syphilis are known as(A) IUP(B) MTP(C) STI(D) Non infectious diseases

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IUP
MTP
STI
Non INFECTIOUS diseases

Answer :C
Discussion
17686.

Question : Disease free plants are produced by

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ANTHER culture
Ovary culture
Shoot APEX culture
Root apex culture

Answer :C
Discussion
17687.

Question : Disease caused by pleiotropic genes

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A. are SYNDROMES
B. can be ALTERED by diet control
C,can be altered by gene therapy
D.are never syndromes

Solution :are never syndromes
Discussion
17688.

Question : Discuss with your teacher and find out how to distinguish between Plasmid DNA and Chromosomal DNA

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SOLUTION :
Discussion
17689.

Question : Discuss with your teacher what does 'a suitable gene' means, in the context of DNA vaccines.

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Solution :A suitable GENE. means, the gene which is able to PRODUCE antigenic polypeptides of pathogen in bacteria and yeast. Using RECOMBINANT DNA technology, it is possible to produce vaccines in large scale for IMMUNISATION. Hepatitis B vaccine is PRODUCED using this technology.
Discussion
17690.

Question : Discuss with your teacher and find out how to distinguish between RNA and DNA

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SOLUTION :
Discussion
17691.

Question : Disease aggravated by environmental pollution is

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Scurvy
Rheumatism
Haemophilia
Bronchitis

Answer :D
Discussion
17692.

Question : Discuus one example , based on your day-to-day observation, showinghow loss of one species may lead to extinction of another .

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Solution :In case a specis (x) becomesextinct , the plant and animals species (M,N,O,Z) associated within anobligatory way also becomes EXTINCT . For example .
(i)Whena fishspecieswhichis a hostfor a numberof parasitesbecomesextinct the parasitespecieswhich are uniquely dependenton the host FISH will also becomesextinct .
(ii) The insects may be polyphagous (feed on morethan on plant species) or monophagous (feed ononly on particuleplantsspecies ) in nature . Themonophogousinsect are VALUABLE and may becomesextinct if the plant species) in nature . themonophogous insect species are valuble and may BECOME extinct if the plant species upon whichit feeds becomesextinct.
Discussion
17693.

Question : Discuss with your teacher what does .a suitable gene. means, in the context of DNA vaccines.

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Solution :Suitable gene REFERS to a SPECIFIC SEGMENT of DNA, which is given to a person in form of a vaccine.
The segment of DNA produce a specific protein, which kills the DISEASE causing PATHOGEN in the body, hence providing immunity to the person.
Discussion
17694.

Question : Discuss with your teacher and find out how to distinguish between Exonuclease and endonuclease

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SOLUTION :
Discussion
17695.

Question : Discuss with your teacher and find out how to distinguish between (b) RNA and DNA

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SOLUTION :
Discussion
17696.

Question : Discuss with your teacher and find out how to distinguish between (a) Plasmid DNA and Chromosomal DNA

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Solution :Plasmid DNA and Chromosomal DNA : Plasmid is a small, round and double stranded DNA. It possesses very LOSS genes and RNA polymerase enzyme while chromosomal DNA is a double stranded DNA which produces large PROTEIN. During REPLICATION it acts as a template. Its bigger than plasmid in size.
Discussion
17697.

Question : Discuss with your teacher and find out how to distinguish betweena. Plasmid DNA and Chromosomal DNAb.RNA and DNAc. Exonuclease and Endonuclease

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Solution :a. A CIRCULAR double standed DNApresent in the bacteria that replicates independently of the chromosomal DNA is called plasmid DNA. Chromosomal DNA is the highly coiled and circular DNA present in the cytoplasm of bacteria .
b. DNA is the nucleic acid that carries the genetic information in the cell and it is capable of self replication and synthesis of RNA.It consistsof two long chains of nucleotides twisted into a double helix and joined by hydrogen bonds between the complementary bases adenine and thymine or cytosine and guanine .
RNA is another class of nucleic acid mainly involved in translating into proteins the genetic information i.e., carried in DNA, RNA is a linear polymer of fourdifferent nucleotides. Each nucleotideis composed of three parts : a five-carbon sugar known as ribose, a phosphate group, and one of four bases attached to each ribose, either adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G), or uracil (U). The structure of RNA is basically a repeating chain of ribose and phosphate moieties, with one of the four bases attached to each ribose :
c. Exonucleases are enzymes (found as individual enzymes, or as parts of largerenzyme complexes) that cleave nucleotides one at a time from an end of a POLYNUCLEOTIDE chain. These enzymes hydrolyze phosphodiester bonds from either the 3. or 5. terminus of a polynucleotide molecule.
Endonucleases are enzymes that cleave the phosphodiester bond within a polynucleotide chain, in contrast to exonucleases, which cleave phosphodiester bonds at the end of a polynucleotide chain. Restriction endonucleases (Restriction Enzymes) cleave DNA at specific sites and these enzymes are often used in genetic engineering to make recombinant DNA for introduction into bacterial, PLANT, or ANIMAL cells.
Discussion
17698.

Question : Discuss why Drosophila has been used extensively for genetical studies.

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Solution : Morgan worked with the tiny FRUIT files,called Drosophila melanogaster,very SUITABLE for such studies, as : (i) They could be grown on simple synthetic medium (ripe banana) in the laboratory. (II) They could be grown on simple synthetic medium (ripe banana) in the laboratory. (iii) They complete their life cycle in about two weeks. (iv) A single mating could produce a large number of progeny flies. (v) There was a clear differentiation of the sexes(sexual DIMORPHISM)-the male and female flies are easily distinguishable. (vi) It has many types of hereditary, variations that can be SEEN with low power microscopes.
Discussion
17699.

Question :Discuss various aspects for infertility.

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Solution : A LARGE number of couples all over the world including India are infertile.
There can be many reasons for infertility like PHYSICAL, congenital DISEASES, drugs, immunological or even psychological.
In India often the female is blamed for the couple being childless, but more often than not, the problems lies in the male PARTNER.
Specialized health care units could HELP in diagnosis and corrective treatment of some of these disorders and enable these couples to have children.
Discussion
17700.

Question : Discuss which wood is better for making furniture.

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Solution :Teak WOOD is the IDEAL type of wood for making household furnitures because, it is highly durable and shows great RESISTANCE against the attack of TERMITES and fungi. Moreover it DOESNOT split or crack and is a carpenter friendly wood.
Discussion