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18301.

Question : Definitions/Explanation Heterochromatin :

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SOLUTION :The CHROMATIN that is more densely packed and STAINED dark are called Heterochromatin. It is INACTIVE.
Discussion
18302.

Question : Definitions/Explanation Genetic diversity

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SOLUTION :The variation in the constitution of GENES is called GENETIC DIVERSITY of that species.
Discussion
18303.

Question : Definitions/Explanation Gene Pool

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SOLUTION :The gene pool is the set of all genes or GENETIC information, in any population, USUALLY of a particular SPECIES.
Discussion
18304.

Question : Definitions/Explanation Gene :

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Solution :Gene is the functional UNIT of inheritance. The DNA SEQUENCE CODING for rRNA or tRNA MOLECULE also define gene.
Discussion
18305.

Question : Definitions/Explanation gamma - diversity

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Solution :Y-diversity REFERS to RICHNESS of different SPECIES in a range of habitats within a GEOGRAPHICAL AREA.
Discussion
18306.

Question : Definitions/Explanation Exons :

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Solution :CODING sequences or expressed sequences that appear in MATURE or PROCESSED RNA.
Discussion
18307.

Question : Definitions/Explanation Ex-situ conservation

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Solution :The CONSERVATION of genetic RESOURCES OUTSIDE their natural habitat is called ex-situ conservation.
Discussion
18308.

Question : Definitions/Explanation Euchromatin :

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Solution :In a TYPICAL nucleus some region of CHROMATIN are LOOSELY packed and STAINS light and are referred to as Euchromatin. It is transcripitionally ACTIVE chromatin.
Discussion
18309.

Question : Definitions/Explanation Elution :

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SOLUTION :The separated bonds of DNA are cut out from the agarose gel and extracted from the gel PIECE. This STEP is KNOWN as elution.
Discussion
18310.

Question : Definitions/Explanation Endemism

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Solution :The occurence of taxa in a SMALL area and no where ELSE is CALLED ENDEMISM.
Discussion
18311.

Question : Definitions/Explanation Ecosystem diversity

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Solution :The VARIATION in species richness in different ecosystem of a GEOGRAPHICAL AREA is called ecosystem DIVERSITY.
Discussion
18312.

Question : Definitions/Explanation Endemic species

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SOLUTION :The species which is distributed only in a SMALL restricted AREA is KNOWN as endemic species.
Discussion
18313.

Question : Definitions/Explanation Ecotype

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Solution :A SUBSPECIES or VARIETY ADAPTED to SPECIFIC environmental conditions.
Discussion
18314.

Question : Definitions/Explanation Ecological niche

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SOLUTION :HABITAT or FUNCTIONAL ROLE of the ORGANISM in its habitat.
Discussion
18315.

Question : Definitions/Explanation DNA polymorphism :

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Solution :If an inheritable MUTATION is OBSERVED in a POPULATION at high frequency it is referred to as DNA POLYMORPHISM.
Discussion
18316.

Question : Definitions/Explanation DNA Nucleoside :

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SOLUTION :A nucleoside is FORMED, when a nitrogenous base is linked to a pentos SUGAR through N-glycosidic LINKAGE.
Discussion
18317.

Question : Definitions/Explanation DNA :

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Solution :DNA ACTS a genetic material in most organism. It is a LONG polymer of DEOXYRIBONUCLEOTIDE.
Discussion
18318.

Question : Definitions/Explanation Deforestation :

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SOLUTION :Deforestation MEANS CLEARING of FORESTS to claim land for use by man.
Discussion
18319.

Question : Definitions/Explanation Decompostion :

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SOLUTION :This is such a PROCESS in which complex organic MATERIALS get CONVERTED into simple organic material.
Discussion
18320.

Question : Definitions/Explanation Cryopreservation

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Solution :The reproductive unit of plants and reproductive cells of ANIMALS can be DEEP frozen at very low TEMPERATURE thus, method of CONSERVING at `-196^(@)C` in liquid nitrogen is called CRYOPRESERVATION.
Discussion
18321.

Question : Definitions/Explanation Cloning :

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Solution :FOREIGN DNA is CONNECTED with proper VECTOR and copies are CREATED. This is called cloning.
Discussion
18322.

Question : Definitions/Explanation Climate

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SOLUTION :It refers to the average weather CONDITIONS of a PARTICULAR area.
Discussion
18323.

Question : Definitions/Explanation Chromatin :

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Solution :NUCLEOSOMES constitute the repeating UNIT of a structure in nucleus called chromatin, thread like STAINED bodies SEEN in nucleus.
Discussion
18324.

Question : Definitions/Explanation Cistron :

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SOLUTION :CISTRON is a SEGMENT of DNA that codes for a polypeptide.
Discussion
18325.

Question : Definitions/Explanation Capping :

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SOLUTION :In capping an UNUSUAL nucleotide (METHYL guanosine triphosphate) is added to the 5.-end of HNRNA.
Discussion
18326.

Question : Define menstrual cycle. Explain its various phase.

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Solution :The menstrual or ovarian cycle occurs approximately once in every 28/29 days during the reproductive life of the female from menarche (PUBERTY) to menopause except during pregnancy. The cycle of events starting from ONE menstrual period till the NEXT one is called the menstrual cycle during which cyclic changes occurs in the endometrium every month. Cyclic menstruation is an INDICATOR of NORMAL reproductive phase.
Discussion
18327.

Question : Definitions/Explanation Census

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SOLUTION :COMPLETE COUNT of individuals in an area. It is done after every 10 years for human population.
Discussion
18328.

Question : Define menopause.

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Solution :Menopause is the phase in a women.s LIFE when ovulation and menstruation STOPS. The average AGE of menopause is 45-50 years. It indicates the permanent cessation of the PRIMARY FUNCTIONS of the ovaries.
Discussion
18329.

Question : Define Menarche.

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SOLUTION :The FIRST MENSTRUATION BEGINS at PUBERTY.
Discussion
18330.

Question : Definitions/Explanation Biological Magnification :

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Solution :DDT is a NONBIODEGRADABLE pollutant. It gets biomagnified at different TROPHIC levels. From water it ACCUMULATES in phytoplankatons, then to FISH and finally to predatory BIRDS.
Discussion
18331.

Question :Define linkage. Who discovered linkage in Drosophila?

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Solution :Morgan and others observed that when the two GENES in a dihybrid cross are located on the same chromosome, the proportion of PARENTAL gene combination in the progeny was much higher than the non-parental or combinations (ALSO called RECOMBINATION) of genes.
Discussion
18332.

Question : Definitions/Explanation Biodiversity

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Solution :BIODIVERSITY refers to the VARIETY of MICROBES, PLANTS and animals of an area. It indicates the degree of variety in nature.
Discussion
18333.

Question : Define linkage . Mention its types.

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SOLUTION :Tendency of genes to REMAIN TOGETHER during separation of chromosmes is called LINKAGE.
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18334.

Question : Definitions/Explanation beta- diversity

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SOLUTION :It is the RELATIVE richness of different SPECIES along a gradient from one habitat to ANOTHER habitat within the community.
Discussion
18335.

Question : Define light year.

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Solution :The DISTANCE travelled by LIGHT in VACUUM in one YEAR
Discussion
18336.

Question : Definitions/Explanation Bacteriophages :

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Solution :VIRUSES that infact bacteria is called BACTERIOPHAGES.
Discussion
18337.

Question : Definitions/Explanation alpha - diversity

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SOLUTION :It is the RELATIVE RICHNESS of DIFFERENT species in a habitat.
Discussion
18338.

Question : Define lactation and explain its hormonal background.

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SOLUTION :LACTATION is the production of MILK by mammary glands. The mammary glands show changes during every menstrual cycle, during pregnancy and lactation. Increased level of oestrogens, progesterone and human Placental Lactogen (hPL) TOWARDS the end of pregnancy stimulate the hypothalamus towards prolactin - releasing FACTORS. The anterior pituitary responds by secreting prolactin which plays a major role in lactogenesis.
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18339.

Question : Definitions/Explanation Age composition

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Solution :RELATIVE ABUNDANCE of ORGANISM of different age groups in the population.
Discussion
18340.

Question : What is korsakoff syndrome ?

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Solution :Korsakoff SYNDROME ,a chronic memory disorder is most COMMONLY caused by ALCOHOL MISUSE.
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18341.

Question : Definitions/Explanation Aestivation

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SOLUTION :SUMMER sleep, or inactive PERIOD during summer MONTH.
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18342.

Question : Define LAB.

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SOLUTION :Lactic ACID bacteria (LAB) are the probiotics that CHECK the growth of pathogenic microbes in the stomach and other DIGESTIVE parts.
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18343.

Question : Definitions/Explanation A promoter :

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Solution :A promoter is a DNA sequence that PROVIDES binding SITE for RNA polymerase. It is LOCATED at 5. end of the structural gene.
Discussion
18344.

Question : Explain the process of Karyotyping.

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Solution :Karyotyping is a TECHNIQUE through which a complete set of CHROMOSOMES is separated from a cell and the chromosome are arranged in pairs. An idiogram refers to a diagrammatic REPRESENTATION of chromosomes.
Discussion
18345.

Question : Definitions/Explanation A terminator :

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Solution :A terminator is LOCATED towards the 3. end (downstream) of the CODING strand. It usually defines the end of TRANSCRIPTION PROCESS.
Discussion
18346.

Question : Define Jumping genes. Classify them on the basis of their mechanism.

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Solution :I. Definition of jumping GENES : Sequences of DNA that can move or TRANSPOSE themselves to new positions within the geneome of a single cell.
II. Type of Jumping genes on the basts of their MECHANISM are as follows:
(1) Retrotransposons: The transposons which always WORK With RNA intern1ediate are called retrotransposons. They bring about copy and paste mechanism.
(2) DNA transposons : The transposons that do not work with RNA intemediates are called DNA transposons. They bring about cut and paste mechanism.
Discussion
18347.

Question : Definition of T-lymphocytes.

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SOLUTION :HELPS B-lymphocytes to PRODUCE ANTIBODIES.
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18348.

Question : Define Juvenile phase

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Solution :JUVENILE phase: It is the period of GROWTH from the birth of an ORGANISM TILL it reaches REPRODUCTIVE maturity.
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18349.

Question : Definition of Tumor.

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Solution :MASS of unorganized CELLS, formed DUE the uncontrolled DIVISION of cells.
Discussion
18350.

Question : Define inter - specific hybridization? Give an example

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SOLUTION :a) It REFERS to crossing between male and female animals of two different species
b) The progeny may or may not COMBINE desirable features of both the parents and be of economic value.
C) For example, a mule was obtained by crossing a male donkey and a female horse.
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