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Because it is not certain that theseed,after reaching the soil,wouldgrow.So,seedsareproducedin large numbers to increase the chances of the dispersal ofseedsand the formation of newplants.Plants produce seedsbecause of their active cells.

Please be specific with the question you want to ask. the microorganisms can be seen only through microscope pathogens are disease causing organisms

scientific name of common bread mould is Rhizopus

morels is an example of edible mushroom

penicillium is a fungus used in the preparation of antibiotics

penicillin was discovered by Alexander Fleming

viruses are smaller in size than bacteria

rhizobium is found in the root nodules of leguminous plants

under unfavorable conditions microorganisms form a cyst around themselves

food poisoning is usually caused by clostridium

he nerve impulse in our body travels in the form of electrical impulse.

The information acquired at the dendrites of the neuron sets off a chemical reaction that helps to create an electric impulse.

This impulse travels from the cyton to a one and reaches the nerve endings.

At the nerve endings, the electrical impulse sets off chemical reactions to release certain chemicals which travel through the synapse and reach the dendrite of next neuron. Similarly this cycle goes on.

Aerobic:1. occurs in presence of oxygen.2. CO2 and water is produced3. lot of energy is liberated (38 ATP)4.occurs in plants' and animals' cells 5. C6H12O6 --> CO2 + H2O + ATP ( Energy)6. It occurs in cytoplasm and mitochondria.

Anaerobic:1. occurs in absence of oxygen2. Lactic Acid or Alchol is produced3. relatively small energy is liberated (2ATP)4. occurs in many anaerobic bacteria and human muscle cells.5. in muscles, lactic acid is produced while bacteria as Yeast produces Alcohol (Ethanol)6. C6H12O6 --> Lactic acid / C2H5OH7. It only occur in cytoplasm.

The main components of the transport system in human beings are the heart,blood, andblood vessels. Heart pumps oxygenatedbloodthroughout the body. It receives deoxygenatedbloodfrom the various body parts and sends this impurebloodto thelungsfor oxygenation.

Why is it necessary to separate oxygenated and deoxygenatedblood inmammals and birds? Ans.�It isnecessaryinmammals and birdstoseparate oxygenatedand de-oxygenatedblood because this makes their circulatory system is more efficient and helps in maintaining constant body temperature.

In highly organized plants, vascular tissues (Xylem and Phloem) are the main components of transportation system. In general, xylem carries thewaterandmineralsfrom roots to the aerialpartsof the plants, whereas phloem carries food from leaves to otherpartsof the plants.

Plantsmusttransport waterfrom the roots to the leaves where it is needed for the process of photosynthesis. Nutrients produced in the leaves by photosynthesis aretransportedto all the parts of theplant. The phloem carries nutrients up and down theplant. Thexylemonly carrieswaterup theplant.

Phloem transportsfoodmaterials from the leaves to different parts of theplant. Thetransportationoffoodin phloem is achieved by utilizing energy from ATP which helps in creating osmotic pressure thattransport foodfrom the area of high concentration to low concentration

main components are heart, blood and blood vessels. The heart pumps oxygenated blood throughout the body and receives de- oxygenated blood then sends it to the lungs for oxygenation. Blood helps in the transport of oxygen, nutrients, CO2, and nitrogenous wastes. Blood vessels, arteries, and veins carry blood to all parts of the body.

2. It is necessary to separate oxygenated and de - oxygenated in mammals and birds because it makes the circulatory system more efficient and helps in maintaining constant body temperature.

Leucoplast - 1) They are colourless plastids. 2) Leucoplast usually occur in unexposed parts of plants.3)Internal lamellae are present.4) They take part in storage of various substances like starch ( amyloplast), fat(elaioplasts) and protein (aleuroplasts).5) The shape is more regular, mostly rounded.6) They can change to other types of plastids.7) Leucoplast do not attract animals as they are colourless.Chromoplast- 1) chromoplast are orange - red plastids.2) They are commonly found exposed parts like fruits and flower.3) Internal lamellae degenerate.4)Chromoplast are rich in charotenoid and lipids.5)The shape is irregular and having angles due to crystallisation of pigments.6) They do not get change to other types .7) Being coloured chromoplasts attract animals for pollination and fruit dispersal.

Living organisms can be differentiated from non-living objects on the basis of simple characteristics likeintrinsic growth,reproduction,metabolismand,consciousness. Living organisms show internal growth as increase in the number and size of cells, reproduce to form similar offsprings, have essential chemical processes occurring within them and are affected by their surroundings. Non-living objects don't show any of these qualities.

On the basis of level of organisation, non-living objects can be simply differentiated from the living beings as these non-living objects do not consist of cells. Cells are the structural and functional units of life and any organism that comprises of living cells is considered living

Birth rate : The number of live births per thousand people is known as birth rate. Increase in birth rate can lea to population growth

Death rate: the number of deaths per thousand people is known as death rate. decrease in death rate can lead to population growth

Migration: the movement of people within the country or between different countries. Migration is of two types, internal migration (within the country) and international migration(out side the country)

These three factors are responsible for the population growth in a country

You can take your household waste to theLandfillor to one of theDrop-Off Locations (Convenience Centers).

One standard half-ton pickup truckload of household garbage is accepted at the Convenience Centers per household per week. Additional volumes can be taken to theLandfillat a per-ton disposal fee.

Citizens who use theConvenience Centersto dispose of their household garbage are required to purchase a decal annually and affix it on the vehicle's windshield.

Electronics

There are several recycling options for used electronics.

Manufacturer take-back programs are available through several of the local electronics stores and over the internet.Local Goodwill and Salvation Army stores will take used electronic items that still work.Local scrap yards will take certain items.Used electronic items can be dropped off at the Landfill collection point or at any of the 12 convenience sites.

No decal is required to recycle electronics at the convenience sites.

It isabranch of biology, and isalso called plant biology. It is sometimescalled phytology.

Egg is liberated from ovary and enters into fallopian tube in secondary oocyte stageHence option a

Monocotshave only one seed leaf inside the seed coat. It is often only a thin leaf, because the endosperm to feed the new plant is not inside the seed leaf.

Dicotshave two seed leaves inside the seed coat. They are usually rounded and fat, because they contain the endosperm to feed the embryo plant.

Monocots differ from dicotsin fourdistinctstructural features: leaves, stems, roots and flowers. ... Whereasmonocotshave one cotyledon (vein),dicotshave two. This smalldifferenceat the very start of the plant's life cycle leads each plant to develop vastdifferences.

dicots but very rarely in monocots

2)The criteria for classification of plants is they are seed bearing or not, they bear flowers or not, if they are seed bearing the seed is covered or not, then the seed is dicot or monocots.

3)Monocotsdiffer fromdicotsin four distinct structural features: leaves, stems, roots and flowers. But, thedifferencesstart from the very beginningof theplant's life cycle: the seed. Within the seed lies the plant's embryo. Whereasmonocotshave one cotyledon (vein),dicotshave two.

Option (2) Reticulate venation is the feature that differentiates leaves of dicots from monocots.

the correct option is 2

Apedigree chartis a diagram that shows the occurrence and appearance orphenotypesof a particular gene ororganismand itsancestorsfrom one generation to the next most commonlyhumans, showdogs, and racehorses.

silicon and silver are the two elements

silicon and silver are the two elements

False

Direct current(DC) electricity is whatsolar panels produce

cladistic is a system of biological ( bio chemical) classification. so opinion is D

Indesert plants, the stomataisopen during night. During night,desert plantsabsorbcarbon dioxideand form an intermediate. Then during day time when the stomataisclosed to prevent loss of water, theyusethis storedcarbon dioxideto perform photosynthesis.

in night desert plant perform photosynthesis

Photosynthesis takes place faster in white light

The oval, bony case that protects the brain is the: Cranium.

Explanation:The cranium (skull) is the skeletal structure of the head that supports the face and protects the brain. It is subdivided into the facial bones and the braincase, or cranial vault. The facial bones underlie the facial structures, form the nasal cavity, enclose the eyeballs, and support the teeth of the upper and lower jaws. The rounded braincase surrounds and protects the brain and houses the middle and inner ear structures.

In the adult, the skull consists of 22 individual bones, 21 of which are immobile and united into a single unit. The 22nd bone is the mandible (lower jaw), which is the only moveable bone of the skull.

For given AP 21, 18, 15........First term a = 21, common difference d = 18 - 21 = - 3

We know,nth term of an APan = a + (n-1)d

Let mth term of an AP be - 81Then,-81 = 21 + (m-1)*(-3)-81 = 21 - 3m + 33m = 81 - 243m = 57m = 57/3 = 19

Therefore 19th term of an AP is - 81

Definition of Cycas. : a genus (the type of the family Cycadaceae) of widely distributed tropical trees having pinnate leaves and columnar stems covered with the persisting bases of the old leaves — see sago palm.

MedicalDefinition of Pinus. : a large and economically important genus (the type of the family Pinaceae) of coniferous evergreen trees chiefly of temperate regions of the northern hemisphere that includes a number which yield products (as pine tar) with medicinal applications

At maturity the female cones are 3–60 cm long. Each cone has numerous spirally arranged scales, with two seeds on each fertile scale; the scales at the base and tip of the cone are small and sterile, without seeds

Please let me know if you have understood or notplease try to write more about what you want to know as it would be easier for us

cycle kha hai

do you want to know about pinus cycle?

No

Function of cycas

Pinus reproduces sexually. Pinus is mono­ecious, but the male and the female cones are produced on separate branches of the same plant. The male cones develop on the lower branches, while the female cones are formed on the upper branches. The male cones, which replace the dwarf shoots, develop in clusters on the base of the current year’s long shoot at early spring

The number of male cones in a cluster varies considerably from 15 (P. wallichiana) to 140 (P. roxburghii). At the onset of spring, the male cones fall off and simultaneously the young female cones are borne in pairs or in clusters round the tip of the long shoot

The female cones grow very slowly and the growth may persist for several years. Thus, the female cones of different ages may be seen in acropetal succession in the long shoot

Arab yar please

Ye bata

Functional characteristics of cycas

Roots in Cycas are of two types, i.e., normal tap roots forming a tap root system, and coralloid roots. Normal tap-roots are positively geotropic, grow deep into the soil and generally possess no root hairs. Their function is to fix the plant in the soil and to absorb water and other minerals.

From the normal roots develop some lateral branches near the ground surface. These lateral roots get infected with some bacteria, fungi and algae, and are called coralloid roots They grow- first horizontally in the soil and become swollen at their tips.

They divide repeatedly to form big bunches of greenish or brownish structures, which are coral like in appearance. They divide dichotomously, come out of the soil on the ground surface and are phototrophic in nature. Young plants bear more coralloid roots than the older ones.

Pincus Jon de ga

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Function of pinusPinus is a large, perennial, evergreen plant.

2. Branches grow spirally and thus the plant gives the appearance of a conical or pyramidal structure.

3. Sporophytic plant body is differentiated into roots, stem and acicular (needle-like) leaves

4. A tap root with few root hair is present but it disap­pears soon. Later on many lateral roots develop, which help in absorption and fixation.

5. The ultimate branches of these roots are covered by a covering of fungal hyphae called ectotrophic mycorrhiza.

6. The stem is cylindrical and erect, and remains cov­ered with bark. Branching is monopodial.

7. Two types of branches are present: long shoots and dwarf shoots. These are also known as branches of unlimited and limited growth, respec­tively.

8. Long shoots contain apical bud and grow indefi­nitely. Many scaly leaves are present on the long shoot.

9. Dwarf shoots are devoid of any apical bud and thus are limited in their growth. They arise on the long shoot in the axil of scaly leaves.

10. A dwarf shoot () has two scaly leaves called prophylls, followed by 5-13 cataphylls arranged in 2/5 phyllotaxy, and 1-5 needles.

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first send the function of cycas

kar said

Functions of cycas

Roots in Cycas are of two types, i.e., normal tap roots forming a tap root system, and coralloid roots. Normal tap-roots are positively geotropic, grow deep into the soil and generally possess no root hairs. Their function is to fix the plant in the soil and to absorb water and other minerals.

From the normal roots develop some lateral branches near the ground surface. These lateral roots get infected with some bacteria, fungi and algae, and are called coralloid roots They grow- first horizontally in the soil and become swollen at their tips.

They divide repeatedly to form big bunches of greenish or brownish structures, which are coral like in appearance. They divide dichotomously, come out of the soil on the ground surface and are phototrophic in nature. Young plants bear more coralloid roots than the older ones.

you can find this question kahan se

The plant body is sporophyte. It is an evergreen tall tree. Plant body is divided into root, stem and leaves Stem: The main trunk is unbranched. It has branches confined to the apical region. These branches form a characteristic canopy. It is covered with a scaly bark. Its branches are dimorphic.

a)Branches of unlimited growth: The main branches have an unlimited growth. They bear only scale leaves.

(b)Branches of limited growth: Branches of limited growth or dwarf branches are produced in the axil of the scale leaves on the main branches. These are about 1 -2cm long. These are covered by one or two scale leaves. These branches also bear foliage leaves. A dwarf shoot with its foliage leaves is called spur.

Leaf:Pinus has two types of leaves: scale leaves and foliage leaves.

(a) Scale leaves: The scale leaves are small, membranous and brownish in colour. These are protective in function. They are present on the main and dwarf shoots.

(b)Foliage leaves: The foliage leaves are green and needle-like. They are found only on the dwarf shoots forming the spur.

Roots: Pinus has a well developed tap root. It remains short and grows on hard ground or rocks. The lateral roots are well developed. These roots spread over a large area. Young roots are infested with a fungus to form mycorrhizae.

1. Pinus is a large, perennial, evergreen plant. 2. Branches grow spirally and thus the plant gives the appearance of a conical or pyramidal structure.

cone(in formalbotanicalusage:strobilus, pluralstrobili) is an organ onplantsin the divisionPinophyta(conifers) that contains thereproductivestructures. The familiar woody cone is the female cone, which producesseeds. The male cones, which producepollen, are usuallyherbaceousand much less conspicuous even at full maturity. The name "cone" derives from the fact that the shape in some species resembles ageometric cone. The individual plates of a cone are known asscales.

The male cone (microstrobilusorpollen cone) is structurally similar across all conifers, differing only in small ways (mostly in scale arrangement) from species to species. Extending out from a central axis are microsporophylls (modified leaves). Under each microsporophyll is one or severalmicrosporangia(pollensacs).

The female cone (megastrobilus,seed cone, orovulate cone) containsovuleswhich, when fertilized by pollen, become seeds. The female cone structure varies more markedly between the different conifer families, and is often crucial for the identification of many species of conifers.

Variations occurs due to some variations in genes of DNA, due to variations new type of species occur, as variation occurs in genes the new type of species which also have some differences from previous population. The creation of variation in species promote survival as the new species formed have some new quality in them & they are fittest to survive in nature & the species which don't have variations will not fight for food, place & their survival & died.

let a be theta and k = p

Ans :- Life cycle of Plasmodium vivax is digenetic i.e. they complete their life cycle in two hosts: 1. Primary host or definitive host: Female Anopheles mosquito is the primary host. The organism which contains sexual phase of the parasite and is regarded as definitive host.

Baby rats are born without fur and are blind. The gestation period for rats lasts for less than 3 weeks, allowing a female rat to produce 5 families per year.

A female rat reaches her menopause after 18 months. During the menopause process, the reproduction cycle of a female rat becomes more irregular. Breeding during this period causes the size of her litters to be smaller than average.

Similarly, the mating of roof rats with domestic rats causes unhealthy breeding, and the babies are unlikely to survive.

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A butterfly passes through 4 developmental stages:

Egg, caterpillar (5–6 instars), pupa and adult. The characteristics of all 4 stages are described here.

The eggs are laid mostly singly but they may be in clusters too in few species. Egg period is of a week but temperature is the major deciding factor for the egg period longevity. Higher the temperature the quicker is the egg maturity. Parasites are the single major egg mortality factor in the case of butterflies.

The eggs hatch out into tiny larvae called as caterpillars. They are equipped with 3 pairs of thorasic legs and 4 or more pairs of abdominal leggs. The mouth parts are biting and chewing type. The larvae are voracious feeders. The tiny larvae moult into a bigger and stronger second instar larvae and the process repeats 4 to 5 times before the caterpillars are full grown. About 90 percent larvae are dead either due to diseases or parasitism.

The final instar caterpillar then turns into a quiescent stage called pupa. All internal and external body parts of a caterpillar are dissolved inside pupal shell. A full grown butterfly then comes out from the pupa in about a weeks time.

The adult butterflies possess siphoning type mouth parts by which the feed on nectar and juices. They mate and lay eggs to produce next generation.

Life Cycle of Frog

1) Egg : The first stage is the egg stage. Eggs are usually laid in or near water.

2) Tadpole : The second stage is the tadpole stage. A tadpole hatches from the egg.

3) Froglet : The third stage is the froglet stage. It grows lungs and legs.

4) Adult : The last stage is the adult stage.

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Mitosis produces four daughter cells

who taught u biology

It chooses multiple fission, asexual mode of reproduction for producing the cells. The specific reason behind the organism reproducing by multiple fission is that, it can divide itself into many cells at the same time inside the cyst during unfavourable conditions in the host.

option 2 might be the answer

Theheartof an amphibian, such as afrog, hasthree chambers, one ventricle and two atria. Blood from the ventricle travels to the lungs and skin where it is oxygenated and also to the body. ... Warm blooded animals such asbirds and mammalshave a high metabolic rate and anefficientcirculation of blood is a necessity.

The four-chambered heart has a distinct advantage over simpler structures: It allows us to send our "dirty" blood to the cleaners-the lungs-and our "clean" blood to the rest of the body without having to mix the two. That system is veryefficient.

Three chamber of frog is not as efficient than four chamber heat bird because in frog intermixing of pure and impure blood take. place while in bird four chamber are there so the impure blood which come from superior vena cava and inferior vena cava passes through right auricle and then right ventricle and then blood pass through lung where. oxygen is added and it comes to left auricle and Left ventricle as bird as 4, chamber so intermixing of blood does not take place

The four-chambered heart has a distinct advantage over simpler structures: It allows us to send our "dirty" blood to the cleaners-the lungs-and our "clean" blood to the rest of the body without having to mix the two. That system is veryefficient.

Answer: Presence of four chambered heart serves two purposes. First, it ensures complete segregation of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood. Second, blood is received by the upper chambers and is pumped out by the lower chambers. This segregation between received blood and sent blood increases the efficiency of the heart.

prevents blood mixing

A four chambered heart seperates oxygenated and deoxygenated blood. It prevents oxygenated and deoxygenated blood from mixing. It also helps in efficient supply of oxygen.

Answer : d) FishExplanation :Vertebrate hearts can be categorized by the number of chambers they have:Twochambers: one atrium and one ventricle (fish)Threechambers:twoatria and one ventricle (amphibian and reptile)Fourchambers:twoatria andtwoventricles (bird and mammal)

it prevents the mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood in heart

Presence of four chambered heart serves two purposes. First, it ensures complete segregation of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood. Second, blood is received by the upper chambers and is pumped out by the lower chambers. This segregation between received blood and sent blood increases the efficiency of the heart.

the mammalian has das chambered

1) d. De Candolle2) c. Species

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Summer ploughingimproves soil structure due to alternate drying and cooling. Tillage improves soil aeration which helps in multiplication of micro-organisms. Farmerscan get relief in purchasing fungicides and pesticides because of the inhibition of plant diseases due tosummer ploughing

summer ploughing improves soil structure due to alternate draying and cooling.tillage improves soil aeration which helps in multiplication of micro organisms.

it also improves soil structure due to alternate draining and cooling and soil aeration which helps in multiplication of micro - organisms. farmers plough their field during summer