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. A granum is a coin-shaped stack of thylakoids, which are the membrane-like structures found inside the chloroplasts of plant cells. Photosynthesis, or the process by which plants make their own food, occurs in the chloroplasts. Grana, or groups of granum, are connected by way of stromal thylakoids.

Amoeba forms it when there is less amount of food available

Respiratory philosophy is a philosophy which thinks about, examines and experiences all phenomena and all philosophical questions and of life in general, within theatmospheres of breathing. This means that in respiratory philosophy a person always looks at the world in collaboration with the breath.

In Asexual : only one parent involvedIn Sexual : Both parents are involved.Therefore they differ from each other.

D. sprinkler system,sprinkler system : The water is pumped under pressure to the fields. The pressure forces the water through sprinklers or through perforations or nozzles in pipelines and then forms a spray

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Carolus Linnaeus(1707- 1778), regarded as the “Father of Systematic Botany”', published artificial system based exclusively on floral characters

Humans make have two different types of chromosomes which are X and Y.

the correct answer is 263

SP of washing machine 1 = Rs. 9900

Gain = 10 percent.

So let the CP be x,

So, 9900 ( SP)= x + 10x/100 = 11x/10; So, x = 99000/11 = 9000 rupees

SP of washing machine 2 Rs. 9900

Loss = 10 percent

So, let the CP be x,

So, 9900 (SP) = x - 10x/100 = 9x/10; SO, x = 99000/9 = 11000 rupees

So, Total CP = 9000 + 11000 = 20000 rupees

Total SP = 9900 + 9900 = 19800 rupees

So, profit = 200 rupees

So profit percent = 200/ 20000 * 100 = 1 percent

Answer : Gain percent of 1 percent

Gain of 10% in whole transaction

Loss 1% is in that whole transaction

Ans :- They are the producers inafood chain, such as plants on land or algae in water (in contrast to heterotrophs as consumers ofautotrophs). They do not needaliving source of energy or organic carbon. Autotrophscan be photoautotrophs or chemoautotrophs.

For the most part, autotrophs often make their own food by using sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water to form sugars which they can use for energy. Some examples of autotrophs include plants,algae, and even somebacteria. Autotrophs are important because they are a food source forheterotrophs(consumers).

The chemical reaction involved in acid-base titration is known as neutralisation reaction. It involves the combination of H3O+ions with OH-ions to form water.In acid-base titrations, solutions of alkali are titrated against standard acid solutions. The estimation of an alkali solution using a standard acid solution is calledacidimetry. Similarly, the estimation of an acid solution using a standard alkali solution is calledalkalimetry.

a)Ostwald, developed a theory of acid base indicators which gives an explanation for the colour change with change in pH. According to this theory, a hydrogen ion indicator is a weak organic acid or base. The undissociated molecule will have one colour and the ion formed by its dissociation will have a different colour.

Let the indicator be a weak organic acid of formulae HIn. It has dissociated into H+and In-. The unionized molecule has one colour, say colour , while the ion, In-has a different colour, say colour. Since HIn and In-have different colours, the actual colour of the indicator will dependent upon the hydrogen ion concentration [H+]. When the solution is acidic, that is the H+ions present in excess, the indicator will show predominantly colour. On other hand, when the solution is alkaline, that is, when OH-ions present in excess, the H+ions furnished by the indicator will be taken out to form undissociated water. Therefore there will be larger concentration of the ions, In-. thus the indicator will show predominantly colour .

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Glucoseis a common nutrient that is absorbed in the small intestine and reabsorbed by the kidney tubules.

Glucoseis a monosaccharide obtained by the digestion ofcarbohydratesin the small intestine. It is one of the most important sources of energy in the life forms.

A sudden burst of hot water can kill aquatic organisms by thermal shock. Fish have to adjust to new temperatures slowly.

Continued hot water can raise the receiving water's general temperature. This in turn reduces the oxygen levels so that only more hardy species can live there (carp not trout), encourages the growth of plant life, and impacts breeding success rates of aquatic organisms

Warmer streams encourage birds to over winter, potentially leading to bird kills die to lack of food

Warmer water can leach out metals and organics from the stream bed

photochemical reactionas by excitation of chlorophyll chemical reaction take place.

Renewable ka flora and fuana

Non renewable ka rocks and metals

renewable flora,funa.non renewable rock,metals

Renewable energy is energy that is collected from renewable resources, which are naturally replenished on a human timescale, such as sunlight, wind, rain, tides, waves, and geothermal heat.

As of 2015 worldwide, more than half of all new electricity capacity installed was renewable

Renewable sources of energy are better than nonrenewable sources because they refill themselves over a short period of time. The use of renewable sources of energy means that as we use it, the Earth refills it. Like hydropower, fueled by water, or solar power, fueled by the sun.

A small amount of curd added to the fresh milk as inoculums contains millions of Lactic Acd Bacteria (LAB) , which at suitable temperatures multiply, thus converting milk to curd.

option 1 4 different types of gametes can be formed.

If u want explanation then, Hereditary diseases are the diseases which are inherited in an offspring from his/her parents due to the transfer of genes during gamete formation.

It is a disease or disorder that is inherited genetically. Hereditary Diseases are passed on from one generation to another through defective genes. These diseases are transmitted in the same family. The chromosomes in the humans are responsible for passing the traits from the parent to the offspring.

As we know that theozone layerprotect us from harmful ultra violet radiations of sun. Damage to theozone layer is a causeforconcernbecause the harmful ultraviolet radiation from the sun will reach the earth. ... Reduce the use ofozone depletingsubstances such as chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs).

Dicot seed has two cotyledons. It has plumule and radicle

Objective:

To identify the different parts of an embryo of a dicot seed (Pea, gram or red kidney bean).

Apparatus and Materials Required:

Permanent slides of dicot embryo showing different stages, and a compound microscope.

Procedure:

1. Observe each permanent slide in sequence from early stages to maturity first under low-power magnification and then under high-power magnification of a compound microscope.

2. Draw diagrams and identify the different parts.

3. Label the different regions of the embryo.

Observation:

1. Zygote divides transversely forming a basal cell towards the micropyle and a terminal cell towards the chalaza.

2. The basal cell divides by transverse divisions and finally forms 6-10 celled suspensors.

3. The uppermost cell of suspensor swells up to form a vesicular cell while the lowest cell of the suspensor is called hypophysis. Hypophysis forms part of the radical and root cap.

4. The terminal embryonal cell divides by transverse and vertical divisions and forms 16-celled globular embryo.

5. The globular embryo later becomes heart-shaped due to its differentiation into cotyledons.

6. The embryo and cotyledons become larger and curved.

to make more fertile

earth worms make the soil fertile vermicompost is the mixture of organic wastages with humus which gives land high fertility

Compost:It is prepared by the process in which farm waste materials like livestock excreta, vegetable wastes, animal refuse, domestic waste, straw, eradicated weeds are decomposed and used as manure.

Vermicompost: It is the compost prepared from organic matter using earthworms which hasten the process of decomposition

Epithelial tissuesare widespread throughout the body. They form the covering of all body surfaces, line body cavities and hollow organs, and are the majortissuein glands. They perform a variety of functions that include protection, secretion, absorption, excretion, filtration, diffusion, and sensory reception.

Aquacultureis the cultivation of aquatic products under controlled conditions. It involves all the fish products obtained from farming on both salt water and fresh water.Maricultureis the branch of aquaculture which involves cultivation of marine organisms in the open ocean.Capture fishinginvolves catching fish from natural resources like pond, lake, sea , estuary etc.

These leaf changes make evergreen conifers exceptionally resilient in the face of situations that might kill their deciduous broadleaf cousins.

The needles exist different adaptive qualities that allow them to persist in growing in areas that challenge most plants, such as places with huge snowfall or where soils become extremely dry.

These needles kind of leave help to retention of water and assistance to get rid of the snow.

Evergreen conifes tend to grow in areas where snow falks needless have a dopate to reduse of snow Aeedles are narrow its difficult for snow to remai on the leave and it falls ti the ground .

Netis a kind of cloth that you canseethrough.

It is made of very finethreadswoventogether so that there are small equal spaces between them.

Anetis a piece of netting which is used as aprotectivecovering for something, for example to protectvegetablesfrom birds.

The typical needle-shapedleafis found in all species of the Pinaceae family and it is the arrangement of these needles in bundles or fascicles that is the most characteristic feature of the genusPinus

P- vq - ivr- is - iit - iii

Vinegar- Acetic acidCheese- polylactic acid

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NacHo3 is the best answer

NaHCO3 SODIUM BICARBONATE is right answer

Baking Soda - खाने वाला सोडा

Formula-NaHCO3

Name - Sodium By Carbonate या

Sodium Hydrogen Carbonate

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NaHCO3 (Sodium Bicarbonate)

sodium bicarbonate NaHCO3

the chemical formula of baking soda is NaHCO3

NaHCO3 Sodium Bicarbonate is the best answer

Baking soda - NaHo3Also called as sodium bycarbonate

NaHCO3 is correct answer

NaHCO3 is chemical formula of baking soda

Chemical formula of Baking Soda is NaHCO3 (Sodium Bicarbonate ) .

nahco3 is the chemical formula for baking soda

NaHCO3 (Sodium Bicarbonate)

formula of baking soda is NaHco3

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c) is the right answer of the following

Molecular biology. DNA and genetic code reflect the shared ancestry of lifeFossils

Evidences of Evolution

1.Fossils are the preserved remains or traces of animals, plants, and other organisms from the past.2.Fossils are important evidence for evolution because they show that life on earth was once different from life found on earth today.3.Usually only a portion of an organism is preserved as a fossil, such as body fossils (bones and exoskeletons ), trace fossils (feces and footprints), and chemofossils (biochemical signals).4.Paleontologists can determine the age of fossils using methods like radiometric dating and categorize them to determine the evolutionary relationships between organisms.

Sociology helps us look more objectively at our society and other societies. It directs attention to how the parts of society fit together and change, as well as makes us aware of the consequences of that social change. We are faced with an ever increasingly complex and rapidly changing social milieu in modern industrial-bureaucratic societies. A study of sociology provides the conceptual tools and methods for understanding the social milieu as it is expressed in:

group attitudes,

values,

behaviors,

political processes of workers,

families,

organizations,

consumers, and

governments.

we study sociology because it gives us knowledge about social rules ,social norms,social groups, societies and organizations etc..

b. crossing them with new varieties

River crossing

A ford (crossing)

A bridge.

A tunnel.

Anytypeof ferry. A cable ferry. A reaction ferry. A water taxi.

Types of Crossing Over(ii) DoubleCrossing Over: In thistypetwo chiasmata are formed along the entire length of the chromosome leading to breakage and rejoin of chromatids at two points. The gametes produced are called double crossovergametes

Crossing over is the process of exchange of genetic material or segments between non-sister chromatids of two homologous chromosomes. Crossing over occurs due to the interchange of sections of homologous chromosomes.

1. Meaning of Crossing Over:

Crossing over refers to the interchange of parts between non-sister chromatids of homologus chromosomes during meiotic prophase (pachytene). In other words, crossing over results from exchange of genetic material between non-sister chromatids involving breakage and reunion at precise point. The term crossing over was first used by Morgan and Cattell in 1912.

2. Feature of Crossing Over:

:

The main features of crossing over are given below:

1. Crossing over takes place during meiotic prophase, i.e., during pachytene. Each pair of chromosome has four chromatids at that time.

2. Crossing over occurs between non-sister chromatids. Thus one chromatid from each of the two homologus chromosomes is involved in crossing over.

3. It is universally accepted that crossing over takes place at four strand stage.

Crossing Overon the Chromosomes: Mechanisms,Kinds, Factors and Significance!Crossing overis the process of exchange of genetic material or segments between non-sister chromatids of two homologous chromosomes. ... The chromosomes usually undergo breakage during gametogenesis.

Crossing Overon the Chromosomes: Mechanisms,Kinds, Factors and Significance!Crossing overis the process of exchange of genetic material or segments between non-sister chromatids of two homologous chromosomes. ... The chromosomes usually undergo breakage during gametogenesis.

Crossing Overon the Chromosomes: Mechanisms,Kinds, Factors and Significance!Crossing overis the process of exchange of genetic material or segments between non-sister chromatids of two homologous chromosomes. ... The chromosomes usually undergo breakage during gametogenesis.

(i)Single Crossing Over:In this type of crossing over only one chiasma is formed all along the length of a chromosome pair. Gametes formed by this type of crossing over are called single cross over gametes .

(ii)Double Crossing Over:In this type two chiasmata are formed along the entire length of the chromosome leading to breakage and rejoin of chromatids at two points. The gametes produced are called double cross over gametes .

(iii)Multiple Crossing Over:In this type more than two chiasmata are formed and thus crossing over occurs at more than two points on the same chromosome pair. It is a rare phenomenon.

A reflex, or reflex action, is an involuntary and nearly instantaneous movement in response to a stimulus. A reflex is made possible by neural pathways called reflex arcs which can act on an impulse before that impulse reaches thebrain.

Thecellsare usually bigger and normally have more than one nucleus percell. As the sporogenouscellsundergo mitosis, the nuclei oftapetal cellsalso divide. Sometimes, this mitosis is not normal due to which manycellsof maturetapetum becomemultinucleate. Sometimes polyploidy and polyteny can also be seen.

Most of the organisms that we see today are formed due to accumulation of some changes in some interval of time to adjust with environment.Some characteristics are more fundamental then others , it means thatnot every characters of an organism changes , some remain basics .The complexity comes into existence in organisms due to requriment of environmental conditions .This leads to change from simple body structure to complex.

The most common reason which seems to be is the lack of hygiene in the colony due to which the disease would have been spread by the vectors.

The most common reason which seems to be is the lack of hygiene in the colony due to which the disease would have been spread by the vectors.

Cholera is a water born dideaese so it is possible that,the water in society is not clean

Many people suffer from cholera its have many reason like lack nutrition and Mal nutrition and unpure water and climate and weather conditions so most of people suffer from cholera

Recyclingprevents the emissions of many greenhouse gases and waterpollutants, and saves energy. Using recovered material generates less solid waste.Recyclinghelps to reduce thepollutioncaused by the extraction and processing of virgin materials.

Types-

Waste Paper Recycling & Cardboard Recycling. ...

Plastic Recycling. There are about 50 different groups of plastics, with hundreds of different varieties. ...

Metal Recycling. All grades of metal can be recycled for future use. ...

Wood Recycling. ...

Glass Recycling. ...

Textiles Recycling. ...

Bricks/Inert Waste Recycling.

TheRecycling Process. Therecycling processinvolves 3 mainsteps, which form a circle or loop. They are (1) collecting the recyclables, (2) processing the recyclables and turning them intorecycled-content products, and (3) purchasingrecycledproducts. All threestepsare crucial for the loop to be closed