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Salient features of Pteridophyta:1)Pteridophyta is predicted as an oldest Cormophyta. Cormophyta is plant having real roots, stems, and leaves. Its means that the roots, stems, and leaves have vascular bundle. 2)Pteridophyta also known as Tracheophyta. Fossil of Pteridophyta found in the stone since carbon era past of 345 millions ago.3)Pteridophyta lives in water (hydrophyte), in moist area (hygrophyte), sticking in other plant (ephiphyte), or living in residue/ waste of other plant (saprophyte).4)Pteridophyta is not produce seeds but it produces spores. Spores are produced by leaves, usually in under surface of leaves. The young leaves are roll up. 5)Stems of Pteridophyta located under of soil called rhizome. From rhizome will grow the roots like a hair called fibrous roots and also grow leaves stalk.

Answer:D) Carrot

In the conical form of root modification the roots are swollen and are broad at the base, the apex part gradually tapers forming a con like structure like in carrot.

root modifications in carrot

DNA is deoxyribonucleic acid, and is contained in your body's cells. It is a double, long chain of molecules called nucleotides that tell each cell what proteins to make. The DNA itself makes up chromosomes.

46 chromosomes are present in brain cells

answer is 11×11×11=1331

Respirationis the biochemical process in which the cells of an organism obtain energy by combining oxygen and glucose, resulting in the release of carbon dioxide, water, and ATP (the currency of energy in cells).

Plumule is future shoot

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Ethane is an organic chemical compound with chemical formula C 2H 6. At standard temperature

Ethane is an organic chemical compound with chemical formula C ₂H ₆. At standard temperature and pressure, ethane is a colorless, odorless gas. Like many hydrocarbons, ethane is isolated on an industrial scale from natural gas and as a petrochemical by-product of petroleum refining.

Ethane is an organic chemical compound with chemical formula C ₂H ₆. At standard temperature and pressure, ethane is a colorless, odorless gas. Like many hydrocarbons, ethane is isolated on an industrial scale from natural gas and as a petrochemical by-product of petroleum refining.

LH is one of the hormones produced by the pituitary gland. Ordinarily, it’s secreted at very low levels throughout your menstrual cycle. But once a developing egg follicle reaches a certain size — usually around the midpoint of your cycle — LH secretion surges to really high levels. This hormone surge is what triggers ovulation about 24 to 36 hours later.

It is called Species.

A species is agroupoforganismsthat can interbreed to produce fertile offspring.Individualsof the same species have more characteristics in common than they do withorganismsof a different species.

Adrenaline hormone produced by adrenal gland

adrenaline is the hormone responsible for it

1. The term broad-spectrum antibiotic can refer to an antibiotic that acts on the two major bacterial groups, gram-positive and gram-negative, or any antibiotic that acts against a wide range of disease-causing bacteria. An example of a commonly used broad-spectrum antibiotic is ampicillin.

2. Fermentation is a metabolic process that produces chemical changes in organic substrates through the action of enzymes. In biochemistry, it is narrowly defined as the extraction of energy from carbohydrates or sugars in the absence of oxygen.

3.A drug used to treat bacterial infections. Antibiotics have no effect on viral infections. Originally, an antibiotic was a substance produced by one microorganism that selectively inhibits the growth of another.

Inside thekidneysare a number of pyramid-shaped lobes. Each consists of an outerrenalcortex and an innerrenalmedulla. Nephrons flow between these sections. These are the urine-producingstructuresof thekidneys. Blood enters thekidneysthrough therenalarteries and leaves through therenalveins.

Diarrhoea is when you have frequent loose watery bowel motions. In most cases, the symptoms resolve on their own within a couple of days without the need for medical treatment.

Diarrhoea that lasts one or two days and goes away on its own is known as acute diarrhoea, which is a common condition that affects people of all ages. Diarrhoea lasting four weeks or more (whether continuous or intermittent) is known as chronic diarrhoea and can be a symptom of an underlying chronic disease or condition.

Causes

Acute (or brief) diarrhoea is usually caused by a bacterial (eg, salmonella), viral (eg,norovirusorrotavirus), or parasitic (eg, giardia)infection of the bowels. Diarrhoea caused by any of these infections is referred to asgastroenteritis.

Travel to places where the climate or sanitary practices differ form one's home country may cause short-term gastroenteritis (eg from contaminated food or water) and is known as traveller's diarrhoea. Diarrhoeaassociated withjet lagwill usually subside in a matter of days without treatment

The most common causes of chronic diarrhoea are underlying diseases or conditions, including:

Gluten intolerance (e.g.coeliac disease)

Lactose intolerance(inability to properly digest lactose in dairy products)

Irritable bowel syndrome

Chronic bowel infection

Inflammatory bowel diseases, such asCrohn’s diseaseandulcerative colitis

Bowel cancer.

You should see your doctor if you are concerned that you might have any of these conditions.

Chronic diarrhoea can also occur when taking certain medications, e.g. some antibiotics and cancer drugs.

Signs and symptoms

The main symptom of diarrhoea is loose, watery bowel motions (stools, faeces) three or more times a day.

Accompanying signs and symptoms may include:

Urgent need to go to the toilet

Abdominal pain and cramping

Change in colour of your stools

Mucous, pus, blood, or fat in your stools

Vomiting

General body weakness and tiredness.

Diagnosis

Diarrhoea is easily diagnosed by its symptoms.

If the diarrhoea lasts longer than two or three days, or is accompanied by symptoms such as fever or bloody stools, your doctor may perform diagnostic tests to determine the cause.

These diagnostic tests could include:

Stool culture to test for infection

Blood tests to rule out other diseases

Fasting tests to reveal food intolerances

Sigmoidoscopy or colonoscopy to look for signs of inflammatory bowel diseases (these tests involve using a device with thin flexible tube and a camera and light at one end to look inside the bowel).

You should see a doctor if you or your baby / child develop any of the following signs:

Blood, pus, or mucous in stools

Arash

Diarrhoea lasting longer than one week or gets better and comes back

New or worse symptoms.

Chronic or severe diarrhoea can lead to rapiddehydration, which is the excessive loss of fluids from the body. Dehydration is particularly dangerous in infants and children, the elderly, and people with weakened immune systems (e.g. people with HIV/AIDS or undergoing chemotherapy).

A doctor should also be seen if you, or a family member, becomes dehydrated. The signs and symptoms of dehydration include:

Extreme thirst

Little or no urine passed in the last eight hours

Urine is dark in colour and smelly

Reduced saliva in the mouth, dry lips, no tears, sunken cheeks or eyes

Infants may have dry nappies (for longer than 4-6 hours) and/or have a sunken fontanelle (the soft spot on top of a baby’s head)

Dizziness, lethargy, floppiness

Rapid heart rate and breathing

Cold hands and feet

Skin that does not relax after being pinched.

Treatment

Because most cases of diarrhoea resolve on their own within a day or two, self-care to relieve symptoms is usually sufficient for treatment:

Avoid caffeine, dairy products, and greasy, high fibre, or sugary foods

Placing a hot water bottle or wheat pack on your stomach, or taking paracetamol (e.g. Panadol), may provide some relief from abdominal cramps

Apply zinc and castor oil ointment or a barrier cream to affected areas if you, or your child, develops a rash (like nappy rash) from the diarrhoea

Avoid taking non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), such as aspirin, ibuprofen, or diclofenac, for pain relief as these medications can cause diarrhoea

Anti-diarrhoeal medications that slow diarrhoea (e.g. Imodium) should be avoided as these drugs prevent your body from getting rid of the bacteria or virus that may have caused the diarrhea.

To avoid dehydration, drink plenty of liquid every day, taking small, frequent sips. Ideal liquids are clear thin broths or soups, diluted non-caffeinated sports drinks (e.g. Powerade or Gatorade), and rehydration formulations (e.g. Gastrolyte) that are available without prescription from a pharmacy.

Prevention

Hand washing is one of the most effective ways of preventing the spread of viruses and bacteria that can cause diarrhoea. You should always wash your hands thoroughly after using the toilet, changing nappies, and before meals.

The following rules when preparing food can also help prevent diarrhoea:

Always put foods that could spoil in the fridge

Ensure that meat is cooked thoroughly

Avoid eating raw meats, fish, and shellfish unless you are sure that they have been freshly prepared and are from a reliable source

Never place cooked meat on surfaces or plates that have held raw meat

Disinfect bench tops, stove tops, and chopping boards with a diluted bleach solution.

A vaccine for rotavirus is available free for babies in New Zealand. The oral vaccine - Rotarix - is given in two doses at the six-week and three-month immunisation visits to reduce the incidence or severity of rotavirus infection. Rotavirusis acommon cause of diarrhoea in infants and young children.

1)We obtain energy by aerobic respiration. .2)But anaerobic respiration can sometimes take place in our muscles.3)During vigorous exercise oxygen gets used up faster in the muscle cells that can be supplied by the blood.4)When anaerobic respiration takes place in human muscles, glucose is converted into lactic acid with the release of a small amount of energy.5) The anaerobic respiration by muscles bring about partial breakdown of glucose to form lactic acid.6)The accumulation of lactic acid in the muscles causes muscular pains or cramps.

Some substances are radioactive: they naturally split into simpler substances and give off tiny particles or energy in the process. Again, this makes sense ifatoms existand they're built from smaller particles (protons, neutrons, and electrons). Scientists can split bigatomsinto smaller ones.

a. Mycobacterium tuberculosisis the organism that is the causative agent for tuberculosis (TB).

b. The causative agent of measles is arespiratoryinfection known as 'morbillivirus

c. Thecausal agentis parasitic nematodes

d. Infectious agent of malaria. Malaria is caused byparasitesof thePlasmodiumgenus

e. athletic foot- Athlete's foot is caused by a number of different fungi, including species of Trichophyton, Epidermophyton, and Microsporum

f. Cholera- Vibriocholerae

GIVEN:FORCE=F=100NLet q be the magnitude of two charges.According to Coulomb's law :For constant DISTANCE,Force is directly proportional to product of chargesF1= qxqIf one charge is increased by 10% and the other is reduced by 10% Then New charges will be 0.9q and 1.1 qSo New force will be F2F2=0.9q x 1.1qTake the ratio of F1/F2F1/F2=qxq/0.9qx1.1q=1/0.99=1.01F2=F1/1.01=100/1.01=99NTherefore, the force of repulsion at the same distance is 99NSo option B - 99N is correct answer.

the answer is correct b -99N

a) glucose is the form of protien

Good

The simplest of theamino acids,glycine, has just H as anR-group.Amino acidsare the structural elements from which proteins are built. Whenamino acids bondto each other, it is done in the form of an amide , making a connection which is called apeptide linkage.

Transamination is the process by which amino groups are removed from amino acids and transferred to acceptor keto-acids to generate the amino acid version of the keto-acid and the keto-acid version of the original amino acid.

Importance:The transfer of an amino group from one molecule to another without the intermediate formation of ammonia. Enzymatic reactions of this type play a prominent role in the formation and ultimate breakdown of amino acids by living organisms. Enzymes that catalyze such reactions are widely distributed and are termed transaminases, or amino-transferases. Perhaps the most prominent transamination reactions in higher animals are those in which glutamate is formed from α-ketoglutarate and other amino acids.

Regulates Digestion:-One of the main benefits of eatingroughageis that it helps to regulate your digestion. Insoluble fiber provides bulk in your intestines and helps to keep food moving through your digestivetract.

salivary glandit secrets a digestive enzyme called salivary amaylase which breaks down starch into matlose(a form of sugar)

salivary gland it secrets a digestive enzyme called salivary amylase

salivary gland it secret a digestive enzyme called amylase

salivary gland secrets a digest

salivary gland it secrete digestive enzyme called salivary amylase

salivary glandit secretes a digestive emzyme known as salivary amylase which break down starch into matlose(a form of sugar)

The first enzyme that initiates digestive process isSALIVARY AMYLASE. It issecretedin thesalivaof our mouth and first acts on the carbohydrates in the food. It helps in breaking the complex compunds into simpler forms.

Zygotene is the sub-stage where synapsis between homologous chromosomes begins. It is also known as zygonema.

Homology refers to the traits inherited by two different organisms from a common ancestry. Organs such as bat's wing, wings of birds, seal's flipper, forelimb of a horse, and human arm have a common underlying anatomy that was present in their last common ancestors; therefore their forelimbs are homologous organs.

blood , cartilage, bone, nerves are examples of connective tissue

Cartilageis a special connectivetissue. ... Hyalinecartilagewhich is found as the embryonic skeleton, costal cartilages,cartilageof the nose, trachea, lining of the ends of some bones and the larynx. www.chiropractic-help.com. Elasticcartilagewhich is found in the external ear and epiglottis.

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1) volume of cube edge^3 converting in meter gives 1.728×10^6 cm^3

so approximately 2) is answer 1.728 is rounded to 1.73

Smog is a type of air pollution caused by tiny particles in the air. The word comes from a mixture of the words smoke and fog and was first used to describe The atmospheric pollutants or gases that form smog are released in the air when fuels are burnt. When sunlight and its heat react with these gases and fine particles in the atmosphere, smog is formed. It is purely caused by air pollution.

De starching means removal of starch from the leaves of the plant by keeping it in dark place or room 2 days. the plant must be de starched because it may confuse the results of the further experiments.

removal of starch from a plant

Wastewater is treated in a sewage treatment plant.

Treatment plants reduce pollutants in wastewater to a level where naturecan take care of it.

Where underground sewerage systems and refuse disposal systems arenot available, the low cost on-site sanitation system can be adopted.

By-products of wastewater treatment are sludge and biogas

Natural waterairoxygen

man made bulbs tvsmart phonecloths

Health status indicators are a set of surveillance data that has been analysed in a way that permits assessment of the health status of the population so that public health priorities and actions can be appropriately identified. The selection of indicators should be primarily based on existing and comparable data sets for which regular monitoring is feasible, but it should also take into consideration likely future data needs and diagnostic and treatment developments. Indicators should be comprehensive, valid (sensitive), standardised, meet quality criteria, and be flexible (never fixed and final) to support evolving health policies. Based on the suggestions of the ECHI project1, indicators are subdivided into health status indicators (disease specific mortality, morbidity and disability), determinants of health (biological risk factors and health behaviours) and health systems (surgical procedures, medication use, use of health services).

The biosphere is the global ecological system integrating all living beings and their relationships, including their interaction with the elements of the lithosphere, geosphere, hydrosphere, and atmosphere.

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Apomixis is the mechanism of seed production without involving the process of meiosis and syngamy. It plays an important role in hybrid seed production. The method of producing hybrid seeds by cultivation is very expensive for farmers. Also, by sowing hybrid seeds, it is difficult to maintain hybrid characters as characters segregate during meiosis. Apomixis prevents the loss of specific characters in the hybrid. Also, it is a cost-effective method for producing seeds.

Hydrochloric acid issecretedby the glands present on thestomachwalls. It dissolves bits of food and creates an acidic medium. The acidic medium allows pepsinogen to be converted into pepsin. Therefore,if HCl were not secreted in the stomach, then pepsinwould notbe activated.

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