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Ans :- The reason is global warming. Itchanges the precipitation in the air which leads to change in weather and climate to extreme.

The reason is global warming. Itchanges the precipitation in the air which leads to change in weather and climate to extreme

The reason is global warming. Itchanges the precipitation in the air which leads to change in weather and climate to extreme

The cause of decrease in snowfall in kashmir is global warming.

The classification of organisms into a hierarchy of groups, namely, kingdoms, phyla (or divisions), classes, orders, families, genera and species, is based on their similarities and differences.

EvolutionIt is the sequence of gradual changes whichtake place in the primitive organisms over millionsof years in which new species are produced.

Evolution is change in the heritable characteristics of biological populations over successive generations. These characteristics are the expressions of genes that are passed on from parent to offspring during reproduction

option A is the correct answer.

d is the correct answer

Urey and Miller were the champions

In the first stage of chemical evolution, molecules in the primitive environment formed simple organic substances, such as amino acids. This concept was first proposed in 1936 in a book entitled, "The Origin of Life on Earth," written by the Russian scientist, Aleksandr Ivanovich Oparin.

Human evolution is the process by which humans developed on earth from now extinct primates. The physical and behavioral traits shared by all people is originated from Adeline ancestors and evolved over a 6 million years.

It is true that human evolution began 7 - 10 million years ago. Theories like the 'The Origin of Species' by CharlesDarwin suggested that humans emerged from the apes who lived in the African regions which was confirmed by the study of the 3-4 million oldAustralopithecusfossils. Genetic studies and studies of the fossil evidences by methods like radio-dating, etc. has confirmed these theories.

Studies by paleo-anthropologists on different types of fossils from different regions have led to the theory of evolution of man from apes which have been recorded in the evidence books.

option C is correct because; nucleolus is present in the nucleoplasm,and ribosomes are present in prokaryotic cells.

Non-alcoholicfatty liverdisease (NAFLD) is a very common disorder and refers to a group of conditions where there is accumulation of excess fat in theliverof people who drink little or no alcohol. ... In NASH, fat accumulation is associated withlivercell inflammation and different degrees of scarring.

A fatty acid is one of the major components of a triglyceride, which is a form of lipid that is used in the body to store energy. A fatty acid is a long hydrocarbon chain capped by a carboxyl group (COOH). Fatty acids provide the building blocks for your body to make prostaglandins, agents that increase and decrease inflammation in the body. Fatty acids, in particular essential fatty acids (EFAs) -- alpha-linolenic (omega-3) and linoleic acid (omega-6) -- are intimately related to managing inflammation in the body.

Yes,there is a need to deposit waste in a proper way because if the mixture of types of waste like plastic, recycleble and once used combined then it leads to the wastage of resources and scarcity of the availablity of recycled materials and it may lead to the pollution also

the wast should be deposited properly because it can cause various infections and diseases.

(a) Regeneration is not the same as reproduction, as regeneration is a mode of asexual reproduction. Also in regeneration, in certain organisms, not the whole organism, but only a part of the organism is regenerated (Example, the tail of a lizard can be regenerated). On the contrary, reproduction involves the formation of an entirely new organism. Hence we can say that regeneration is not the same as reproduction.(b) Budding: In Budding, a small part of the body of the parent organism grows out as a bud which the detaches and becomes a new organism. For eg-Yeast

Regeneration: It is the ability to regenerate any fractured body part. For Eg-Planaria

technique is genetic engineering...

Genetic engineering, also called genetic modification or genetic manipulation, is the direct manipulation of an organism's genes using biotechnology.

thanks you have any questions

in mathematics

muscle cramps occur due to formation of lactic acid in muscle cells. This lactic acid is formed due to anaerobic respiration in them which happens due to excessive exercise which prevents the reach of oxygen to them in proper time .

Idiopathic legcramps. ... abnormal nerve activity during sleep whichcausesthemuscleof the leg tocramp. excessive strain placed on legmuscles, such as when exercising, maycausethemusclestocrampat certain times. a sudden restriction in the blood supply to the affectedmuscles.

One of the major reasons whywe get muscle cramps after heavy exerciseis dehydration. ...

Dehydration also causes you to lose potassium, sodium, magnesium and other vital minerals and salts from the body. This results in salt imbalance in the body giving rise to painfulmuscle cramps after heavy exercise

Biodegradable-waste materials which are and can be degraded by natural factors like microbes (e.g. bacteria, fungi and few more), abiotic elements like temperature, UV, oxygen, etc. Some examples of such wastes are food materials, kitchen wastes and other natural wastes. Microorganisms and other abiotic factors together break down complex substances into simpler organic matters which eventually suspend and fade into soil. The whole process is natural which can be rapid or slow.

Examples :

• Human and animal waste• Plant products, wood, paper, food waste, leaves, grass clippings• Remains from the death of living creatures

Non-Biodegradable- Waste which cannot be decomposed by biological process is known as “Non-biodegradable wastes”. Most of the inorganic waste is non-biodegradable. Non-biodegradable wastes which can be recycled are known as “Recyclable waste” and those which cannot be recycled are known as “Non-recyclable waste”.

Examples:• Glass• Metals• Plastics• Electronic devices• Medical waste

Non-degradable garbage is an umbrella term which covers a huge varieties of garbage such as plastic, glass, metal, steel and paper etc.

How to use bio-degradable garbage depends upon the variety we are referring to. Each type needs to be dealt differently. For example, steel and metal can be reused to new material and so does the glass whereas other materials can be incinerated at high temperature to produce electricity and heat.

FalseExplanation:The skull is made up of 22 bones

no the skull is made up of 22 bones

skull is made up of 22 bones so Its is false

False because skull is made up of 22 bones.

Such kind of relationship is known as symbiotic relationship.

The tectonic plates whose turbulent interactions formed Iceland, are the Eurasian tectonic plate and the North American tectonic plate. Spanning the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, Iceland emerged as a result of thedivergent, spreading, boundary between these two plates and the activity of Iceland´s own hotspot or mantle plume.

DivergentOption-B

Butterflies are beautiful, flying insects with large scaly wings.

Like all insects, they have six jointed legs, 3 body parts, a pair of antennae, compound eyes, and an exoskeleton.

The three body parts are the head, thorax (the chest), and abdomen (the tail end).

The butterfly's body is covered by tiny sensory hairs.

The four wings and the six legs of the butterfly are attached to the thorax.

The thorax contains the muscles that make the legs and wings move

please like my answer if you find it useful

Teeth assist animals in obtaining food and breaking it down for efficient digestion. Animals who lose their teeth are generally unable to ingest enough nutrients to survive.

The specific mechanical functions that teeth must perform depends on the animal’s food source. The animal may need to pierceskinand tear meat, grind up fibrous vegetables, or do some combination of the two.

many are there but most are fungi and algae ..... also coliform bacteria

Tracheais supported by c-shaped rings of cartilage which hold them in place when there is less air inside it. So, thewalls of trachea do not collapseeven when there is a little air.

in the form of excerta

Glycogen is the internal energy reserve in plants so the unused energy is stored in the form of glycogen in plants and animals.

Theunused energyisstoredbyplantsin the form of starch, known better as carbohydrate. Whileanimalsuse a glucose polymer tostoretheunused energywhich is also called Glycogen. For long-termenergy storage plantsuse nucleotide andanimalsuse lipids tostoretheenergywithin them.

in plants form of starch and animals glucose

Let AO=HCD=OB=60mA'B=AB=(60+H)m

In triangke AOD,tan30'=AO/OD=H/OD

H=OD/√3OD=√3 H

Now, in triangle A'OD,tan60'=OA'/OD=(OB+BA')/OD√3=(60+60+H)/√3 H =(120+H)/√3 H=>120+H=3H 2H=120 H=60m

Thus, height of the cloud above the lake = AB+A'B =(60+60) = 120m

which of the chapters given below ABC order should fill the empty sector in circle

Water hyacinth floats on the water surface due to the presence of air cavities present in its parenchyma. This type of a tissue us called arenchyma and it gives buoyancy to the plant thereby making it float on water

it is of 5 marks

Immunization is done through various techniques, most commonly vaccination. Vaccines against microorganisms that cause diseases can prepare the body's immune system, thus helping to fight or prevent an infection.

Immunization works by tricking the body into believing it is experiencing a full-scale invasion by an infectious agent so that the immune system can fortify its defenses. During vaccination, a harmless version of a germ is introduced to the body and the immune system responds by producing antibodies to attack the intruder. Thereafter, a memory of this “invasion” remains so that the immune system can quickly recognize and neutralize disease-causing agents when they appear.

thnx dears

The basicprinciple of immunizationis that on administration of vaccine, the body starts developing antibodies against it such that person is protected form disease. Body remembers the infectious agents and memory cells are formed which can immediately produce antibodies on further exposure to the infectious agents.

DPT is a combination vaccines against three infectious diseases in humans: diphtheria, pertussis, and tetanus

Herbivorous animals have longerintestines than that ofcarnivorous animals. Thisisbecause their dietisgrass and plants, made up of fibre and cellulose whicharehard to digest. As a result theherbivorous animals needalongerdigestive track to digest their foods completely.

Epidermis:The upper or outer layer of the two main layers of cells that make up theskin. The epidermis is mostly made up of flat, scale-like cells calledsquamous cells. Under the squamous cells are round cells called basal cells. The deepest part of the epidermis also contains melanocytes. These cells producemelanin, which gives the skin its color.

The other main layer of the skin is thedermis, the inner layer of skin, that contains blood andlymphvessels, hair follicles, and glands. These glands producesweat, which helps regulate body temperature, andsebum, an oilysubstancethat helps keep the skin from drying out. Sweat and sebum reach the skin's surface through tiny openings called pores.

Experiment # i. Back Cross:

When F1individuals are crossed with one of the two parents (either CC—red flowered or cc—white flowered) from which they have been derived, then such a cross is called back cross.

In such cases there are two possibilities (Fig. 5.4):

(A) When F1(Cc) is crossed to the parent with dominant phenotype i.e., homozygous for red colour (CC). In such a cross plants will be 100% red (Fig. 5.4-A).

(B) When F1plant (Cc) is crossed to the parent with pure recessive (cc) white flowered plant. In such a cross 50% plants will be red flowered and 50% plants will be white flowered (Fig. 5.4-B).

Experiment # ii. Test Cross:

Test cross is the mating of a dominant phenotype (with unknown genotype CC or Cc in the above given example) to a genotype which is homozygous recessive at all the loci under consideration (Figs. 5.5 & 5.6).

The phenotypes of the offspring produced by a test cross reveal the number of different gametes formed by the parental genotype under test.

There can be two possibilities of such a cross:

(a) When impure dominant (Cc) is crossed with the pure recessive. In this cross 50% plants will be red and 50% will be white B. (Backcross is a test cross also)

(b) When pure dominant (CC) is crossed with a pure recessive (cc). In such a cross 100% plants will be red flowered.

Thus if we want to study whether the red flowered plants are homozygous or heterozygous we can take the help of a test cross.

A monohybrid test cross of heterozygous dominant with pure recessive gives a 1: 1 phenotypic ratio.

A di-hybrid test cross (of a heterozygous dominant with pure recessive) gives a phenotypic ratio of 1: 1: 1: 1 (Fig. 5.6).

B) Energy of oxidation-reduction

energy of oxidation reaction

Energy obtained from Oxidation reduction is utilised for production of proton gradiant.

B) Energy of oxidation-reduction

energy of oxidation and reduction is the correct answer as we know light energy and photo chemical energy are seen in photosynthesis

It's the energy of oxidation

it's the energy of oxidation

After conversion of glucose into pyruvate , energy can be released by any of the 3 pathways .1. by aerobic respiration - Pyruvate is oxidized in the presence of enough oxygen to release water, carbon dioxide and energy in the form of 38 ATPs. This process is conducted in mitochondria.2.by anaerobic respiration - energy is released in the presence of less amount of oxygen then required. The end products are 2ATPs and lactic acid.3.fermentation-This pathway is followed by yeast to respire. Energy is released in the absence of oxygen. The end products are energy

After conversion of glucose into pyruvate , energy can be released by any of the 3 pathways .1. by aerobic respiration - Pyruvate is oxidized in the presence of enough oxygen to release water, carbon dioxide and energy in the form of 38 ATPs. This process is conducted in mitochondria.2.by anaerobic respiration - energy is released in the presence of less amount of oxygen then required. The end products are 2ATPs and lactic acid.3.fermentation-This pathway is followed by yeast to respire. Energy is released in the absence of oxygen. The end products are energy

Secondary sex characteristicsare features that appear duringpubertyinhumans, and atsexual maturityin other animals. These are particularly evident in thesexually dimorphicphenotypic traitsthat distinguish thesexesof a species, but unlike thesex organs, are not directly part of thereproductive system. They are believed to be the product ofsexual selectionfor traits which displayfitness, giving an individual an advantage over its rivals incourtshipandaggressiveinteractions. They are distinguished from theprimary sex characteristics, the sex organs, which are directly necessary forsexual reproductionto occur.

Acquired Immunodeficiency syndrome is a chronic, potentially life threating condition caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). By damaging your immune system, HIV interferes with your bodies ability to fight the organisms that causes diseases. - practise safe sexual relation, use a required protection sure intercourse.- do not used, already used syringes. - use disposable gloves when in direct contact with blood

To reduce the risk of gettingHIV, people who are sexually active should: use a condom every time they have sex (including vaginal, oral, or anal sex) ... reduce their number of sexual partners. get tested and treated for STDs (sexually transmitted diseases); having an STD increases the risk ofHIVinfection.

AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome) is the final and most serious stage ofHIVdisease, which causes severe damage to the immune system. Prevention of AIDS requires foresight and self-discipline. The requirements often seem personally restrictive, but they are effective and can save your life.

Do not have sexual intercourse with:

People known or suspected to be infected with AIDS

Multiple partners

A person who has multiple partners

People who use IV drugs

Do not use intravenous drugs. If IV drugs are used, do not share needles or syringes. Many communities now have needle exchange programs where used syringes can be disposed of and new, sterile needles obtained for free. These programs can also provide referrals to addiction treatment.

Avoid exposure to blood from injuries or nosebleeds where the HIV status of the bleeding individual is unknown. Protective clothing, masks, and goggles may be appropriate when caring for people who are injured.

Anyone who tests positive for HIV may pass the disease on to others and should not donate blood, plasma, body organs, or sperm.

From a legal, ethical, and moral standpoint, they should warn any prospective sexual partner of their HIV positive status. They should not exchange body fluids during sexual activity and must use whatever preventative measures (such as a latex condom) will afford the partner the most protection.

HIV positive women should be counseled before becoming pregnant about the risk to unborn children and medical advances which may help prevent the fetus from becoming infected. Use of certain medications can dramatically reduce the chances that the baby will become infected during pregnancy.

Mothers who are HIV positive should not breast feed.

"Safe sex" practices, such as latex condoms, are highly effective in preventing HIV transmission. HOWEVER, there remains a risk of acquiring the infection even with the use of condoms. Abstinence is the only sure way to prevent sexual transmission of HIV.

Other information on sexual risk reduction: The riskiest sexual behavior is unprotected receptive anal intercourse -- the least risky sexual behavior is receiving oral sex. Performing oral sex on a man is associated with some risk of HIV transmission, but this is less risky than unprotected vaginal intercourse.

Female-to-male transmission of the virus is much less likely than male-to-female transmission. Performing oral sex on a woman who does not have her period carries low risk of transmission.

HIV-positive patients who are taking anti-retroviral medications are less likely to transmit the virus. For example, pregnant women who are on treatment at the time of delivery transmit HIV to the infant about 5% of the time, compared to approximately 20% if medications are not used.

The U.S. blood supply is among the safest in the world. Nearly all people infected with HIV through blood transfusions received those transfusions before 1985, the year HIV testing began for all donated blood.

Currently, the risk of infection with HIV in the United States through receiving a blood transfusion or blood products is extremely low and has become progressively lower, even in geographic areas with high HIV prevalence.

If you believe you have been exposed to HIV, seek medical attention IMMEDIATELY. There is some evidence that an immediate course of anti-viral drugs can reduce the chances that you will be infected. This is called post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP), and it has been used to treat health care workers injured by needlesticks for years.

There is less information on the effectiveness of PEP for people exposed via sexual activity or intravenous drug use -- however, if you believe you have been exposed, you should discuss the possibility with a knowledgeable specialist (check local AIDS organizations for the latest information) as soon as possible. All rape victims should be offered PEP and should consider its potential risks and benefits in their particular case

HIV(human immunodeficiency virus) is a virus that attacks the immune system. The immune system becomes weaker, making it harder for the bodytofight off infections and some kinds of cancers. Most people who are diagnosed early and take medicines forHIV canlive long, healthy lives.

Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a chronic, potentially life-threatening condition caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). By damaging your immune system, HIV interferes with your body's ability to fight the organisms that cause disease.

HIV is a sexually transmitted infection (STI). It can also be spread by contact with infected blood or from mother to child during pregnancy, childbirth or breast-feeding. Without medication, it may take years before HIV weakens your immune system to the point that you have AIDS.

Pollution is when something is added to the environment harmful or poisonous to all living things. Polluted water or garbage in the water bodies is a type of pollution.In other words, pollution means a sudden change in the environment due to emission of pollutants such as carbon monoxide etc.

Air pollution is one of the most dangerous forms of pollution. Soil pollution occurs when the presence of pollutants, contaminants, and toxic chemicals in the soil is in high concentration that has negative effect on wildlife, plants, humans, and ground water.

we sprinkle water on root or ground because in evaporation

because water takes latent heat of ground and evaporates it gives cooling effect

Asexual reproduction is a mode of reproduction in which the new offspring arise from a single parent. The offsprings are identical to each other, both physically as well as genetically. They are the exact copies of their parent cell.

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Ans :- As with all remodeling, new bone is laid down following resorption, forming circumferential lamellae on theendosteal surface. A Volkmann canal is avascular channel that runs perpendicular to the long axis of Haversian canals and connects adjacentHaversian systems.

Glandular epitheliumis a type ofepithelialtissue which covers the glands (both exocrine and endocrine) of our body. Coming to their function, The main function is SECRETION. Both endocrine and exocrine glands produce their secretions through theglandular epitheliumvia special cells called goblet cells.

Ciliated Epithelium – When the columnar epithelial tissues have cilia, then they are ciliated epithelium. They are present in the lining of the trachea, kidney tubules etc. The rhythmic movement of the cilia helps in the movement of material in one direction.