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Right option is (b) False

Explanation: The Indian Patent Bill was put forward in the second amendment in 2000. It considers VARIOUS issues of RESEARCH and development initiatives. It also grants NEW rights for PATENTABLE inventions.

Correct choice is (a) Bio-piracy

The BEST I can explain: the term used to refer to the use of bio-resources by MULTINATIONAL companies and other organizations without proper authorization from the countries and PEOPLE concerned without contemporary PAYMENT is Bio-piracy. It happens when biological resources are taken or exploited without official sanction.

Right answer is (a) NEEM

The explanation: Neem an herbal medicinal plant is tried to be patented by India. T is also known as Indian lilac and is known for its pesticidal and INSECTICIDAL PROPERTIES.

The correct choice is (c) aroma

To EXPLAIN: Basmati RICE is a variety of rice GROWN in north India. It is distinct for its unique aroma and flavor. It is long and SLENDER in shape and is also grown in NEPAL and Pakistan.

Right ANSWER is (d) 27

Explanation: About 27 varieties of Basmati rice are grown in INDIA. Mostly this rice is grown in NORTHERN India. It is known for its fragrance and is ONE of the most popular rice known.

The CORRECT answer is (a) Traditional users

Best explanation: Traditional users are the major sufferers of bio-patents. The PATENTING procedure fosters the LEGAL uncertainty putting traditional users of ANIMALS and plants genetic resources in agriculture at a disadvantage.

The CORRECT ANSWER is (a) INDIAN

Explanation: GEAC is SET up by the Indian government which takes decisions REGARDING the validity of GM research and the safety of introducing GM products for public services. It is controlled by the Ministry of Environment, Forests and Climate Change.

The correct CHOICE is (a) BIOSAFETY

To explain I would say: Various measures taken to prevent any risks to normal organisms from transgenic organisms are KNOWN as biosafety. It is the APPLICATION of knowledge, techniques, and equipment to prevent exposure to biohazards.

The CORRECT answer is (d) regulation

Explanation: The manipulation of the human race GOES further with the help of regulation. It is done with the help of CERTAIN rules. VARIOUS agencies are set to regulate many different activities.

The correct choice is (c) Ethical

To EXPLAIN I WOULD say: Ethical standards are required to evaluate the morality of all human activities. Ethics regulate the activities by DEALING with moral principles and recommend the conduct of RIGHT or wrong.

The CORRECT answer is (c) Bioethics

Explanation: Bioethics includes rules of CONDUCT that may be used to regulate our activities CONCERNING the biological world. It blends philosophy, theology, history, and law with the MEDICAL FIELD.

Correct choice is (b) GEAC

The EXPLANATION: GEAC (Genetic Engineering Approval Committee) has been set by the Indian government to keep a check on GM research and GM product. It is controlled by the MINISTRY of Environment, Forests and CLIMATE Change. It takes decisions regarding the VALIDITY of GMOs for public services.

The CORRECT choice is (c) bio-patents

Easiest explanation: The patents granted for biological ENTITIES and products DERIVED from them are called bio-patents. It is granted for a limited period for the invention in the FIELD of biology.

The CORRECT option is (d) PATENTS

The EXPLANATION: Patents are the right granted by a government to an inventor to prevent others from the commercial use of his invention. It is a form of intellectual PROPERTY that gives legal rights to the inventor.

The correct option is (d) Genetic ENGINEERING Approval Committee

Easiest explanation: GEAC STANDS for Genetic Engineering Approval Committee. It is set up by the Indian Government which will take decisions regarding the VALIDITY of GM research and the safety of INTRODUCING GM products for public SERVICES.

Right ANSWER is (a) less

The best I can explain: TOXICITY TESTING in transgenic animals will ALLOW us to obtain results in less TIME. This happens because transgenic animals are sensitive towards ant toxin or show immediate reactions. Thus these animals can also be used for testing the safety of vaccines.

The correct ANSWER is (c) TRANSGENIC

Easiest explanation: To study the effects of the INCORPORATED GENE(s), the transgenic ANIMALS are subjected to toxic substances. These animals are developed by incorporating a foreign gene within them which is used to study the function of that particular gene. This gene may or may not act against the toxin.

The correct option is (B) sensitive

To elaborate: The genes carried by TRANSGENIC animals make them more sensitive to toxic substances as compared to non-transgenic animals. This happens because the NEWLY inserted gene may or may not act against that particular toxin making them more SUSCEPTIBLE to it.

The CORRECT answer is (b) toxicity

To explain I would say: The procedure of chemical safety TESTING is the same as that used for testing the toxicity of drugs. Since toxic substances contain VARIOUS CHEMICALS, the testing procedure for both i.e. toxins and chemical safety is the same.

Right option is (c) TOXICITY

The explanation is: Chemical safety TESTING is ALSO known as toxicity testing. It is said so because it measures the amount of toxic (chemical) substance in a sample that may affect living or non-living environment. It is also called as TOXICOLOGY testing.

The CORRECT option is (c) monkeys

To explain: Non-primate humans are extensively used for testing vaccine SAFETY. Monkeys are USUALLY used because they show SIMILAR reactions to any antigen as that of humans.

Right CHOICE is (b) humans

For explanation I would say: TRANSGENIC mice are being developed for use in TESTING the safety of vaccines before they are used on humans. They have been successfully used to TEST the safety of the POLIO vaccine.

Right ANSWER is (a) Transgenic mice

Best EXPLANATION: Nowadays transgenic mice are being developed to REPLACE monkeys for vaccine testing. Mice are also used to test a vaccine against various DISEASES such as polio and are also used for the PREPARATION of antibodies and various biological products.

The correct choice is (b) polio

The EXPLANATION is: MONKEYS are being USED to test the safety of the polio vaccine. The kidney CELLS of monkeys were used to test the polio vaccine before USING it on humans.

Correct CHOICE is (c) 95%

To elaborate: Many transgenic animals have been PRODUCED to DATE like transgenic sheep, rabbits, fish, cows, PIGS, etc. But the maximum number i.e. APPROXIMATELY 95% of transgenic animals are transgenic mice. They are extensively used in various biotechnology experiments.

Right OPTION is (a) Monkey

Explanation: MONKEYS are widely USED for TESTING vaccine safety before they are used on humans. Primates are commonly used because their metabolic pathway is similar to humans. They show similar reactions to that of humans against any vaccine.

Correct choice is (d) MONKEYS

Easy explanation: The most widely used animal for testing VACCINE safety is monkeys. Primates are commonly used because their metabolic PATHWAY is similar to HUMANS. Monkeys are used to test the BEHAVIOR vaccines against various diseases.

Correct answer is (c) cystic fibrosis

The best I can EXPLAIN: Transgenic animals useful in better understanding and finding new TREATMENTS against a particular disease. SEVERAL attempts are made to treat cystic fibrosis USING transgenic animals. Cystic fibrosis is an inherited, genetic, life-threatening disorder that affects the LUNGS and digestive system.

Right answer is (b) HUMAN alpha-lactalbumin

Explanation: The milk produced by transgenic cow CONTAINED human alpha-lactalbumin protein. It is also known as LALBA and it regulates the production of LACTOSE in the milk. It is present in ALMOST all mammalian species.

Right option is (b) 2.4

Easy explanation: The FIRST transgenic COW named ROSIE produced human-protein enriched MILK. This milk contained 2.4 grams of protein per liter.

Correct ANSWER is (d) ROSIE

To explain I would say: The first transgenic cow was produced in 1997. The first transgenic cow named Rosie produced human-protein enriched MILK that was RICH in human alpha-lactalbumin protein.

Correct option is (c) 1997

The explanation is: The first transgenic COW was produced in 1997. In 1983, KARY Mullis developed PCR. The genome of Haemophilus influenzae was sequenced. 2000 was the YEAR of completion of the HUMAN Genome Project.

Right choice is (c) Growth hormone

Explanation: α-1-antitrypsin is an INHERITED DISORDER. It CAUSES LUNG and liver diseases. It may lead to EMPHYSEMA. Thus this emphysema can be cured by giving the person α-1-antitrypsin.

The correct option is (B) gene

To elaborate: Biological products can be created with the help of transgenic ANIMALS by the introduction of a PORTION of a gene that code for that product. This gene will then express and GIVE us the desired product.

Right option is (c) rheumatoid arthritis

Explanation: TRANSGENIC ANIMALS serve as a model to humans for the TREATMENT of many DISEASES. Today transgenic models exist for diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatoid arthritis is an auto-immune disease that CAUSES inflammation in joints.

The correct ANSWER is (d) mice

The best I can explain: Many transgenic animals have been produced to date like transgenic sheep, RABBITS, FISH, cows, pigs, etc. But the maximum number i.e. APPROXIMATELY 95% of transgenic animals are transgenic mice. They are extensively used in VARIOUS biotechnology experiments.

Correct choice is (a) True

To elaborate: Transgenic animals are the ones whose DNA has been manipulated in such a way that they can POSSESS and express an extra foreign gene. This gene GIVES an extra CHARACTER to that animal. This property can be EXPLOITED for the production of many biological products such as hormones, antibodies, etc.

Correct choice is (a) foreign

For EXPLANATION: Transgenic animals are used to study what is the function of foreign genes. These changes are studied by OBSERVING or studying the changes in the organism after the introduction of a foreign gene. These changes can be useful or HARMFUL.

The correct answer is (c) model

Best explanation: TRANSGENIC animals serve as a model for humans for a better understanding of genes and their FUNCTIONS. They are USEFUL in better understanding and finding NEW TREATMENTS against a particular disease.

Right option is (b) BIOLOGICAL

Easiest explanation: The biological role of the INTRODUCED foreign gene can be predicted or observed by studying the effects of the gene in transgenic animals. The manipulated gene can introduce a new character or MAY LEAD to the loss of a character.

Correct answer is (b) INCREASE

To explain: Many TRANSGENIC ANIMALS are designed to increase our understanding of the role of GENES in a particular disease. They are also useful in finding treatment regarding that particular disease. They serve as model organisms for studying human DISEASES.

The correct choice is (c) GENE

The BEST I can explain: Transgenic ANIMALS can be designed to STUDY the change in a gene. These genes can be easily regulated and their functions can be studied. This can be used to study the change in the normal physiology and the function of an animal.

Correct answer is (b) FOREIGN gene

Explanation: Transgenic ANIMALS are those who have a foreign gene within them. This gene mostly produces a functional product that will LEAD to a change in the characteristics of that ANIMAL.