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Right choice is (C) 75 percent

Best explanation: The dry matter of plant and animal MATERIAL would be its solids, i.e. all its CONSTITUENTS excluding water. The dry matter of food would include CARBOHYDRATES, fats, proteins, vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants. Carbohydrates constitute about 75% of dry matter of PLANTS.

Right CHOICE is (d) SYMBIOTIC

The explanation is: The relationship between cows and their gut microorganisms is mutualistic. This relationship can ALSO be called symbiotic.

Right answer is (a) In the cell wall

Explanation: Polysaccharides are the most abundant carbohydrates. A polysaccharide molecule can contain thousands of glucose units. These highly COMPLEX carbohydrates INCLUDE starches, cellulose, and glycogen. STARCH is the usual FORM in which carbohydrates are stored as ENERGY by plants in the cell wall.

Right choice is (d) Net Energy

To explain I would SAY: Energy results from the digestion of CARBOHYDRATES, protein, and fat. Net Energy Lactation (NEl) is the feed energy available for maintenance and milk production after DIGESTIVE and metabolic LOSSES.

The correct answer is (B) Fats

To elaborate: all the ration ingredients provide ENERGY. However, in the above MENTIONED OPTION fat provides the HIGHEST concentration of energy.

Correct option is (a) Calories

The explanation: Calories are units of ENERGY. VARIOUS DEFINITIONS exist but fall into two broad categories. GRAM calorie is defined as the approximate amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of ONE gram of water by one degree Celsius at a pressure of one atmosphere.

The correct answer is (B) 87 percent

Best EXPLANATION: Whole milk, as defined by the Milk Act, which regulates milk content, contains at least 3.25 percent milk FAT. It also contains at least 8.25 percent PROTEIN, sugar (or carbohydrates) and vitamins and minerals. Otherwise, whole milk is made up of water-about 87 percent.

Correct OPTION is (d) 40 DEGREES F

To explain: A certain TEMPERATURE has to be met before the milk can be transferred to a milk truck. The milk should have at least attained the temperature of 40 degrees F before being transferred to a milk truck.

Correct option is (d) Body weight

Best explanation: Circumference of a chest (heart girth) has been found to be the measurement most CLOSELY correlated with weight. The Dairy Cattle Research Branch2 of the U.S.D.A. reported a table of heart girth weight EQUIVALENTS from which a measuring TAPE was prepared. This tape has been used EXTENSIVELY for more than 20 years in connection with D.H.I.A. work and for the ESTIMATION of body weight in dairy cattle generally.

Right answer is (c) 12-14 weeks

The EXPLANATION: Cows freshen after a CALF’s birth. Freshening OCCURS when milk PRODUCTION begins. She’s then a “wet” COW, as opposed to “dry,” non-milk-producing animal. Bout 12-14 weeks after freshening does a cow’s dry matter intake peak.

Correct option is (B) 305 days

To explain: The standard period of 305 days has been chosen because this is APPROXIMATELY the normal lactation length of cows calving at intervals of 12 MONTHS. In tropical cattle, RESTRICTING the lactation records to 305 days would have less effect, as few cow’s milk for more than 305 days.

Correct OPTION is (a) Lignin

Best explanation: Lignin composition and p-coumaric acid in the wall are less likely to affect digestibility. Voluntary intake of FORAGES is a critical determinant of ANIMAL PERFORMANCE and cell-wall concentration is NEGATIVELY related to intake of ruminants consuming high-forage diets.

Correct answer is (c) Between 40 to 50 days

The explanation: The main advantage of SCANNING is that it can GIVE an accurate diagnosis earlier than rectal palpation. Pregnancy can be DETECTED earlier with ultrasound COMPARED with rectal palpation. 10 to 16% of COWS diagnosed pregnant at 40-50 days.

Right OPTION is (a) Between 28 to 30 days

The BEST explanation: After breeding PREGNANCY takes place. The pregnancy can be DETECTED by ultrasound 28-30 days after the breeding.

Right answer is (d) Inguinal

Easy explanation: In human anatomy, the inguinal region refers to either the GROIN or the LOWER lateral regions of the abdomen. It may also REFER to as a conjoint tendon, PREVIOUSLY known as the inguinal aponeurotic falx, a structure formed from the transversus abdominis insertion into the pecten pubis.

Correct answer is (d) Between 55 and 95

The best I can explain: At approximately DAY 60 of gestation, male and female genital tubercles can be visualized on a high-resolution ultrasound MONITOR. Male and female genital tubercles APPEAR bilobed on the monitor; each lobe is in the shape of an oval, which AIDS in DIFFERENTIATION from surrounding structures.

The CORRECT choice is (C) Animal Improvement Program Lab

For explanation: In April 2014, the Animal Improvement PROGRAMS Laboratory (AIPL) and the Bovine Functional Genomics Laboratory (BFGL) were merged to form the Animal Genomics and Improvement Laboratory (AGIL). As part of the merger, the main AIPL RESEARCH project on the discovery and development of improved methods for the genetic and genomic evaluation of economically important traits of dairy animals has renamed the Animal Improvement Program (AIP).

The CORRECT option is (d) U S Animal Health Association

Best explanation: The United States Animal Health Association (USAHA), the nation’s animal health forum for over a century, is a science-based, non-profit, voluntary organization. USAHA works with state and FEDERAL governments, universities, veterinarians, livestock producers, national livestock and poultry ORGANIZATIONS, research scientists, the extension SERVICE and several foreign countries to control livestock DISEASES in the United States.

Right choice is (b) North American FREE Trade AGREEMENT

To explain: The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) is a piece of regulation implemented January 1, 1994, simultaneously in Mexico, Canada and the UNITED STATES that ELIMINATES most tariffs on trade between these nations.

Right choice is (d) A positively CHARGED ion

To elaborate: CATIONS and anions are both ions. The difference between a cation and an anion is the net electrical CHARGE of the ion. Ions are atoms/ molecules those who have gained or lost one or more VALENCE electrons giving the ion a net positive or negative charge. Cations are ions with a net positive charge.

Right ANSWER is (d) A negatively CHARGED ion

To explain: Anions are atoms or radicals (groups of atoms), that have gained ELECTRONS. As they now have more of electrons than protons, anions have a negative charge.

Right option is (B) Cation-Anion DIFFERENCE

Explanation: Dietary cation-anion difference, or DCAD, is a measure you should be used in both DRY and LACTATING cows. In close-up dry cows, a negative (-ve ) DCAD helps to prevent metabolic problems and in lactating cows, a POSITIVE DCAD can help increase milk production and milk components.

The correct answer is (b) It is administered under the skin

Explanation: A subcutaneous injection is administered as a BOLUS into the subcutis, the layer of skin directly below the DERMIS and epidermis, collectively REFERRED to as the cutis. Subcutaneous injections are highly effective in administering vaccines and medications such as insulin, morphine, DIACETYLMORPHINE and goserelin.

The CORRECT CHOICE is (a) It is administered in the muscle

Easy explanation: An INTRAMUSCULAR injection is a technique used to deliver a medication deep into the muscles. You may have received an intramuscular injection at a doctor’s office the last TIME you got a vaccine, like the FLU shot.

The correct choice is (C) Between 6.0 and 6.5

To EXPLAIN: For Holstein LACTATING cow URINE pHs within a RANGE of 6 to 6.5 should be recorded.

Right option is (c) Foreign Agricultural Service

Easy EXPLANATION: The Foreign Agricultural Service (FAS) is the foreign affairs agency with primary responsibility for the United STATES DEPARTMENT of Agriculture’s (USDA) overseas programs—market development, international trade agreements and NEGOTIATIONS, and the collection of statistics and market information.

Correct choice is (c) EXTREMELY fat

To elaborate: This SYSTEM concentrates its accuracy toward the mid-range scores (2.50 to 4.00), which includes most cows. This mid-range is the most critical for MAKING management decisions. Scores of 1.00 DENOTE a very thin cow, while 5.00 indicates an excessively fat cow.

Right OPTION is (B) COMMODITY Credit Corporation

Explanation: The Commodity Credit Corporation (CCC) is a Government-owned and operated entity that was created to stabilize, support, and protect farm INCOME and prices. CCC also HELPS maintain balanced and adequate supplies of agricultural commodities and aids in their orderly distribution.

Correct answer is (a) Nonfat DRY Milk

For explanation: Nonfat dry milk and skimmed milk powder are very SIMILAR but are defined by two different sets of regulations and authorities. Both contain 5% or LESS moisture (by weight) and 1.5% or less milkfat (by weight). The DIFFERENCE is that skimmed milk powder has a minimum milk protein CONTENT of 34%, whereas nonfat dry milk has no standardized protein level.

Right answer is (d) General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade

Easy explanation: General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) was a legal agreement between many countries, WHOSE overall PURPOSE was to PROMOTE INTERNATIONAL trade by reducing or ELIMINATING trade barriers such as tariffs or quotas.

The correct choice is (b) Parallels out performed herringbones by NEARLY 8 percent

To explain I would SAY: There was a study CONDUCTED for milk parlor at the University of FLORIDA. The results concluded that parallels out performed herringbones by nearly 8 percent.

The correct option is (c) About 25 percent

To explain: Whole milk can be DIVIDED into FAT and DRY matter. Fat is almost 25% of milk when compared on a dry matter basis.

The correct CHOICE is (b) Basic Formula PRICE

To elaborate: BFP is the Basic Formula Price. Federal milk marketing orders USE the BFP as the mover for the price structure of regulated milk.

The correct choice is (c) NATIONAL Farmers Organization

To elaborate: The National Farmers Organization (NFO) is a PRODUCER movement when it was founded in the United States in 1955. Notoriety came in 1967 when it organized milk farmers to ENGAGE in a holding action to improve the price of milk paid to PRODUCERS.

Correct answer is (c) National Milk Producers Federation

Easiest explanation: NMPF (National Milk Producers Federation) is a national milk marketing cooperative in the United STATES. It is OWNED by and serves nearly 15,000 dairy farmer-members REPRESENTING more than 9,000 dairy farms in 48 states.

Right option is (b) 10%

EASY explanation: Bovine somatotropin or bovine somatotrophin (abbreviated bST and BST), or bovine growth hormone (BGH), is a peptide hormone produced by cows’ pituitary glands. Like other hormones, it is produced in small quantities and is USED in regulating metabolic processes. It increases MILK PRODUCTION by about 10%.

Right option is (b) To provide an accurate ACCOUNTING for amounts of MILK solids SOLD in the order

Easy explanation: In order to provide an accurate accounting for amounts of milk solids sold in the order testing of milk is done in laboratories of the USDA Milk Market Orders.

Correct choice is (d) 70

Explanation: Processed products that CONTAIN at least 70 percent ORGANIC ingredients can use the phrase “made with organic ingredients” and list up to THREE of the organic ingredients or food groups on the principal display PANEL.

Correct ANSWER is (b) Capper-Volstead Act

The explanation is: Capper–Volstead Act, the Co-operative Marketing Associations Act was adopted by the United States Congress on February 18, 1922. It gave “associations” of persons producing agricultural products CERTAIN exemptions from ANTITRUST LAWS.