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TheSN2reaction is concerted. That is, theSN2occurs in one step, and both the nucleophile and substrate are involved in the ratedeterminingstep.

Therefore the rate is dependent on both the concentration of substrate and that of the nucleophile.

TheSN1reaction proceeds stepwise

Substitution Nucleophilic bimolecular (SN2)

This reaction follows second order kinetics and the rate of reaction depends upon both haloalkane as well as participating nucleophile. Hence this reaction is known as substitution nucleophilic bimolecular reaction. In this reaction, the nucleophile attacks the positively charged carbon and the halogen leaves the group. Both the formation of carbocation and exiting of halogen take place simultaneously. In this process, unlike the SN1 mechanism, the inversion of configuration is observed. Since this reaction requires the approach of the nucleophile to the carbon bearing the leaving group, the presence of bulky substituents on or near the carbon atom has a dramatic inhibiting effect. So opposite to SN1 reaction mechanism, this is favored mostly by primary carbon, then secondary carbon and then tertiary carbon.

Let's say we have chlorofluoromethyl tosylate.

As we know that tosylate is a really good leaving group. We chuck in a bunch of iodide and we have an SN2 reaction between the chlorofluoromethyl tosylate and iodide leaving us with chlorofluoroiodomethane and tosylate leaves.

We know the stereocentre inverts from the mechanism and I've tried to draw it in a way that shows this. When we assign the stereocentres though, we find they're both R for the reaction as in figure. Note that the oxygen of the tosylate is priority 2 in the starting material, but it's replaced by iodine, which has a priority of 1 when assigning stereochemistry.

Examples like this do highlight that there is a bit of arbitrariness to the rules which we use to assign stereochemistry and they can be a little counter-intuitive.

1 calorie = 4.186 joule

Bomb calorimeter is a thick-walled steel container used to determine the energy contained in a substance by measuring the heat generated during its combustion.

CN- CO is isoelectronic

option 4 all of the above

Carbon monoxide, CO, can be thought of as having two ordinary covalent bonds between the carbon and the oxygen plus a coordinate bond using a lone pair on the oxygen atom.

In theLewis structure of CO32-, the C atom in the middle forms one double bond with an O atom and forms two single bonds with the remaining two O atoms. The two single C-O bonds include O atoms that have lone pairs that can form coordinate covalent bonds with atransitionmetal ion. CO32-can then become monodentate by creating one coordinate bond using one oxygen atom's lone pair, or become bidentate by creating two coordinate bonds using both the oxygen atoms with lone pairs. Carbonato cannot form a coordinate covalent bond using the O atom in the double C-O bond because oxygen is most stable when it has two bonding pairs and two non-bonding pairs. That O atom is already in a favorable state and would not likely want to form a coordinate bond.

option C is the correct answer

option C is correct answer

C) is the best answer

it is a octahedral structure and a high symmetric group so it should have S4 type

in this structure high symmetric group...it is S4 type

The answer of this question is CaCl2

A transfer of one electron from one atom to another resulting in opposite charges on the two atoms that holds them together by electrostatic (opposite charges attract) attraction is called an electrovalent or ionic bond. good examples of this is the bond formed between a Na (sodium) and a Cl (chlorine) atom, MgCl2, cacl2 KCl, etc

option d is the correct answer

B-Carbonate ion have no any dative bond..

the answer could be option 2

option D is the correct answer

Dative bond or coordinate bond is a type of bond where only one atom shares the electrons of another atom without affecting it. ... But in CO3^2-, the two O atoms , each are singly negatively charged ,i.e, they need one more electron to complete their octet

options b is the correct answer.

Chemical bond formed by the electrostatic attraction between two oppositely charged ions is called anelectrovalent bond.

Definitionofelectrovalent bond. : a chemicalbondformed between ions of opposite charge. — called also ionicbond. —distinguished from covalentbond.

a chemical bond formed between ions of opposite charge.____ called also ionic bond

a type of chemicalbondin which oneatomlosesanelectronto form apositiveionand the other atomgainsthe electron to form anegativeion. The resulting ions are held together byelectrostaticattraction .

in so3 there are 6 bond pairs with 2 attached to each so bond and 0 lone pair so x+y is equal to 6+0=6

yes you are right but answer given is 12

bond length is inversly proportional to bond order.

and bond order = no. of bonds shared between two atoms on average..

so, CO has bond order = 3 CO2 has bond order = 2 and (CO3)²- has bond order = 1.333

so, bond length will be CO3²- > CO2> CO.

2. option 3 is wrong.

Haloarenes are the chemical compounds containing arenes, where one or more hydrogen atoms bonded to an aromatic ring are replaced with halogens. The nature of C-X bond depends on both the nature of carbon in the aromatic ring and the halogen attached. Halogens are generally denoted by “X”.

Salient points on the nature of C-X bond in haloarenes are:

1.The C-X bond in haloarenes is polarized, as halogens are more electronegative than carbon. Due to high electronegativity of halogen, it attracts the electron cloud more towards itself and thus gains slight negative charge, on the other hand, carbon obtains a slight positive charge.

2.As halogens need only one electron to achieve their nearest noble gas configuration, only one sigma bond is formed between one carbon and one halogen atom.

3 .Due to the increase in atomic size from fluorine to astatine, the C-X bond length in haloarenes increases from fluorine to astatine and bond dissociation strength decreases.

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Provide the figure attached to the question for a complete answer.

18 is argon no of protons 18 no of electrons 1840 is Zirconium no of protons 40 no of electrons 40

atomic number is 9valency is 1element is flourine

Atomic number= 9as valency = 1Element will be Fluorine

Bleedingcan bestoppedby coagulation of the blood (formation of a clot). ... Potashalumhas highly charged Al3+ and (SO4)2- ions which act as neutralizing ions for the protein colloid in blood. This causes aggregation or clotting and this in turnstopsthebleeding.

Hydrogen flouride is liquid at room temperature due to association.Hence option (iii) is the correct answer.Though HF is a diatomic molecule, it forms very strong intermolecular hydrogen bonds and thus at room tempertaure it forms a zig-zag chain of molecule by association as shown below:

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1

2

7.2

When warmairrises, coolerair willoften move in to replace it, so wind often moves fromareaswhere it's colder toareaswhere it's warmer. The greater the differencebetweenthehighand low pressure or the shorter the distancebetweenthehighand low pressureareas, the faster the windwillblow.

2ex tan 2x + ex log con2x is the correct answer

y=e^x log(sin2x)lny=xlog(sin2x)log(sin2x) =z10^z=sin(2x)or z ln10=lnsin(2x)i.e z =lnsin(2x)/ln10Hence lny =xln(sin2x)/ln10Differentiating both sides wrt 'x'we get(1/y)(dy/dx)=[lnsin(2x)+x{2cos(2x)/sin2x}]/ln10or dy/dx= y[lnsin(2x)+x{2cos(2x)/sin2x}]/ln10={xlog(sin2x)}×[lnsin(2x)+x{2cos(2x)/sin2x}]/ln10

two amino acids are connected by a peptide bond

Amino acids is the basic building block of proteins; they are composed of a carbon atom attached to a hydrogen, a carbonyl group, an amine group, and an R group. Large proteins are formed by linking amino acids with peptide bonds.

bond between carbon and nitrogen

Two of the largest phyla in the world, Arthropoda and Mollusca, have an open circulatory system.

The answer is option i)

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Corrct option: (i)The open circulatory system exists in Mollusca and Anthropoda.

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It is Sodium Lauryl Sulphate.

Initial pH=2

As pH=-log [H+]

[H+]= 10 raise to -2

ON DILUTION

[H+]=10 raise to -3

Hence pH=-log (10 raise to -3)

=-(-3)

pH=3

Dilution means minimisation of the electrolyte.

In electrolysis dilution means decreasing the concentration of salts per litre of water. So it means decreasing the conc. of substance

Ostwald's Dilution Law tells us that the equilibrium constant, and the initial concentration of an electrolyte (prior to dissociation or association), can be used to calculate the extent of this dissociation or association for the electrolyte

Dipole moment of p – dichlorobenzene is zero because of symmetrical structure. o- and m-dichlorobenzene have higher dipole moments than toluene due to high electronegativity of chlorine than –CH3group. Further, to the o-dichlorobenzene has higher dipole moment due to lower bond angle than the m-isomer.so the answer is (b)

1) decomposition reaction 1→ 2

2) double decomposition reaction.

Crystal structure. The caesium chloride structure adopts a primitivecubiclattice with a two-atom basis, where both atoms have eightfold coordination. The chloride atoms lie upon the lattice points at the edges of the cube, while the caesium atoms lie in the holes in the center of the cubes.

the pH value of acid rain is 4.2 to 4.4 and rainwater is 5.6

530 ml is right answer of your question

आर्सेनिक, एंटीमोनी और बिस्मथ के मामले पर विचार करने पर, +3 सबसे ज्यादा इस्थाई अवस्था है।

बिस्मथ एक रासायनिक तत्व है जिसका प्रतीक बीआई और परमाणु संख्या 83 है। यह एक ..... ऑक्सीकरण अवस्था +3 में है, बिस्मथ सभी हैलोजेन के साथ ट्राइहलाइड बनाता है: BiF 3, BiCl 3, BiBr 3, और BiI 3

Galaxies are classified into four classes: spirals, barred spirals, ellipticals and irregulars. It is based on the shapes of the galaxies.Explanation:Galaxies are very important fundamental building blocks of the Universe. Some are simple, while others are very complex in structure. As one of the first steps towards a coherent theory of galaxy evolution, the American astronomer Edwin Hubble, developed a classification scheme of galaxies in 1926.The Hubble classification of galaxies, also referred to as the ‘tuning fork’ diagram because of its shape, classes galaxies along three main lines into:Elliptical galaxiesSpiral galaxiesBarred Spiral Galaxies