Explore topic-wise InterviewSolutions in .

An endothermic process is any process which requires or absorbs energy from its surroundings, usually in the form of heat. It may be a chemical process, such as dissolving salt in water, or simply the melting of ice cubes.

insoluble of heavy impurities is the correct solution

BeO is covalent in nature due to its smaller size, also has high ionisation enthalpy and high electronegativity therefore it is insoluble in water. On the other hand, BeSO4 is ionic. Also because of small size of Be2+ ion, the hydration enthalpy of BeSO4 is much higher than its lattice enthalpy.

Note:-BaSO₄ It is!

Whereas, for BaSO4 it is not enough that's why it is notsoluble in water. MgSO4 issoluble in water butBaSO4 is not becuase the size of BaandSO4 ions isverylarge which leads to higher lattice enthalpy than that of hydration enthalpy. Therefore, BaSO4 isinsoluble in water.

As we know osmotic pressure (π) = iCST Where i is vant hoff factor, C is concentration i.e molarity, s is the universal gas constant and t is...

0·585 % (m/m)NaClmeans that we have 0.585 gNaClin 100 g solution

The solution is so dilute that we can assume thedensityis the same as that of water.

Thus, we have 0.585 gNaClin 100 mL of solution.

c=0.585g NaCl100mL solution×1000mL solution1 L solution×1 mol NaCl55.84g NaCl=0.1048 mol/L

Also,i=2forNaCl.

Hence,

Π=icRT=2×0.01048mol⋅L-1×0.083 14 bar⋅L⋅K-1mol-1×300K=5.23 bar

Answer:a)Boiling point depressionColligative properties of solutions are properties that depend upon the concentration of solute molecules or ions, but not upon the identity of the solute. Colligative properties include vapor pressure lowering, boiling point elevation, freezing point depression, and osmotic pressure.Thus it does not include boiling point depression

Ethanolis a volatile, colorless liquid that has a slight odor. It burns with a smokeless blue flame that is not always visible in normal light. The physicalproperties of ethanolstem primarily from the presence of its hydroxyl group and the shortness of its carbon chain.

In PCl5 molecule the central atom is P.

15P – 1s2,2s2,2p6,3s2,3p3

17 Cl- 1s2,2s2,2p6, 3s2, 3p5

The five sp3d hybrid orbitals are singly occupied . These hybrid orbitals overlap with singly filled 3pz atomic orbital of five Chlorine atom to form five sigma bond (P- Cl).

Geometry of PCl5 molecule is trigonal bipyramidal. Bond angle is 90°and 120°.

These six orbitals get hybridised to form six sp3d2hybrid orbitals. Each of these sp3d2hybrid orbitals overlaps with 2p orbital of fluorine to form S-F bond. Thus, SF6molecule has octahedral structure . The dotted electrons represent electrons from F-atoms.

sp2 hybridization occurs in Boron Trichloride BCl3 molecule.

When one s and two p orbitals of an atom mix themselves and produce three equivalent orbitals, the process is called sp2 hybridization. The three hybrid orbitals produced in sp2 hybridization lie on a plane and make angle 120° to each other.

Solidsarerigidbecause the intermolecular forces of attraction that are present insolidsare very strong. The constituent particles ofsolids cannot move from their positions they can only vibrate from their mean positive.

the main reason is the intermolecular forces of attraction .....

because in the solid state molecules are very closely packed

Solids are rigid because their atoms are packed tightly. So they do not bent & flow easily

Toluene is not an open chain compound. Answer is 3) toluene.

The intermolecular force is very strong. the solid is not compressible so the solid is a rigid .

A coordinate bond (also called a dative covalent bond) is a covalent bond (a shared pair of electrons) in which both electrons come from the same atom. In the formation of a simple covalent bond, each atom supplies one electron to the bond - but that does not have to be the case.

The molecule is exactly same, structure wise. Coordinate bond is essentially a type of covalent bond. One way to figure out if a molecule has a coordinate bond is to make a Lewis Dot Structure and then check whether or not a normal covalent bond can be formed. If not, the molecule is likely to have a coordinate bond.

1is the right answer of your questions

k(y) answer hai iskka

Slow step is rate determining step

in this rxn slow step is2X + Y -----------> C + D

Rate = k[X]²[Y]

SO option (1) is correct

option 1 is the best answer

1) is the right answer

option 1 is the best answer

option 1.. k(x)²(y) is correct answer

K[X]²[Y] is correct answer

option (1) is the right answer according to your question

the rate law expansion for this reaction will be k(x)2(y)

Correct answer is 1st option

A is a right answer 2X +Y--->c+d Rate=

[1] options right answer

4 is a right answer of your question

option 1st is the correct answer of following statement

Slowest step is the Rate determining step

so, here Rate will be based on slow process only

r = k[A][B]

option D should be correct

option B is the correct answer

Arrhenius equation gives the dependence of the rate constant of a chemical reaction on the absolute temperature, a pre-exponential factor and other constants of the reaction,k = A e^-Ea/RTWhere,k is the rate constant, T is the absolute temperature, A is thepre-exponential factor, Ea is the activation energy and R is the universal gas constant.The exponential factor in the Arrhenius equation corresponds to the fraction of collisions in which the reacting molecules have the appropriate activation energy to react at a given temperature.

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Although ionic compounds are composed of both positively and negatively charged ions, the overall compound and its formula are electrically neutral. In other words:

total positive charge (from cation) = total negative charge (from anion)

Forgetting to follow this rule is one of the most common mistakes that students make when writing formulas for ionic compounds.

The empirical formula for an ionic compound indicates the smallest whole number ratio of cations and anions needed to produce an electrically neutral compound. The empirical formula is written with the cation first followed by the anion.

To write the empirical formula for an ionic compound:

Identify the cation.

Cation is written first in the name of the compound.

Write the correct formula and charge for the cation.

Identify the anion.

Anion is written last in the name of the compound.

Write the correct formula and charge for the anion.

Combine the cation and anion to produce anelectrically neutral compound.

If the charges on the cation and anion are equal in magnitude (i.e. +1/-1, +2/-2, +3/-3), combine the cation and anion in a 1:1 ratio.

If the charges on the cation and anion are NOT equal in magnitude, use the charge on the cation as the subscript for the anion. Use the charge on the anion (omitting the negative sign) as the subscript for the cation.

Place parentheses around a polyatomic ion if you need more than one of them in the final formula.

Do not show the charges of the ions when you write the final formula for the compound.

Make sure that the subscripts for the cation and anion are the smallest whole number ratio.

1:-the symbol of the constituent elements2:-the combining capacity's of each atom constitutng the compound3:-the symbol of the metal written first

The main constant for ionic compounds is that they are composed of ametal(cation) and nonmetal (anion).

Properties of Ionic Compounds

Ionic Compounds have high boiling and melting points as they’re very strong and require a lot of energy to break.

Theelectrostaticforces of attraction between oppositely charged ions lead to the formation of ions.

Ionic compounds form crystals.

These compounds are brittle and break into small pieces easily.

Electrovalent compounds usually dissolve in water and are insoluble in solvents like oil, petrol, kerosene, etc.

Ionic compounds do not conduct electricity in a solid state but they do conduct electricity in the molten state.

In comparison to molecular compounds, ionic compounds have higher enthalpies of fusion and vaporization.

the hydration of ionic compounds involve both.

1.The compounds containing ionic bonds are known as ionic compounds. They are also known as electrovalent compounds.2. Example for ionic compound is NaCl.3.Properties of ionic compounds are:a) Ionic compounds have high melting points and high boiling points.High temperatures are required to overcome the attraction between the positive and negative ions in ionic compounds. Therefore, a lot of energy is required to melt ionic compounds or cause them to boil.b))Ionic compounds have Boiling and melting points(for eg: NaCl M.P is high that is 800 ° c.and High B.p of 1413 °cc). Ionic compounds are usually soluble in water but insoluble in organic solvents like alcohol, benzene etc.For example Nacl is soluble in water but insoluble in benzene.d). ionic compounds conduct electricity when dissolved in water or melted.For eg: when sodium chloride is dissolved in water it conducts electricity.3)

Solid to liquid-A is called melting. Liquid to gas -B is called evaporation. Gas to liquid - C is called condensation. Liquid to solid- D is called freezing

option 2 is the correct answer. all are planer structure having sp , sp2 or sp3 hybridisation..but it other options it not true.

In the reactionMnO2+4HCl->MnCl2+Cl2+2H2O, Cl (chlorine) is the substance which is oxidized from the HCl, and it is the reducing agent for theMnO2as well. As Cl is the oxidized substance in HCl, thus it is the oxidizing agent in the reaction.Reductionis the process of gaining one or more electrons. In anoxidation-reduction, or redox, reaction, one atom or compound will steal electrons from another atom or compound. A classicexampleof a redox reaction is rusting. ... Oxygen getsreducedwhile iron getsoxidized.

In the reactionMnO2+4HCl->MnCl2+Cl2+2H2O, Cl (chlorine) is the substance which is oxidized from the HCl, and it is the reducing agent for theMnO2as well.

As Cl is the oxidized substance in HCl, thus it is the oxidizing agent in the reaction.

Chemical reactions that release energy are called exothermic. In exothermic reactions, more energy is released when thebondsare formed in the products than is used to break thebondsin the reactants. Chemical reactions that absorb (or use) energy are called endothermic.

hence, option (c) is correct.

In the reactionMnO2+4HCl->MnCl2+Cl2+2H2O, Cl (chlorine) is the substance which is oxidized from the HCl, and it is the reducing agent for theMnO2as well. As Cl is the oxidized substance in HCl, thus it is the oxidizing agent in the reaction.

Thesignof ΔG will change from positive to negative (or vice versa) where T = ΔH/ΔS. In cases where ΔG is: negative, the process isspontaneousand may proceed in the forward direction as written. positive, the process isnon-spontaneousas written, but it may proceedspontaneouslyin the reverse direction.

positive..................

if the reaction is spontaneous in back direction.. then ∆s is +ve for back direction.

so here for forward direction.. the value of ∆S is -ve.

A single-displacement reaction, also known as a single-replacement reaction, is a reaction by which one element replaces an/other element in a compound. It can be represented generically as: A + B-C → A-C + B This will most often occur if A is more reactive than B, thus giving a more stable product.

Reductionischemical reactionthat involves the gaining of electrons by one of the atoms involved in thereaction. The term refers to the element that accepts electrons, as the oxidation state of the element that gains electrons is lowered. ... In that example, the iron is oxidized and the oxygen isreduced.

Acombination reaction(also known as a synthesisreaction) is areactionwhere two or more elements or compounds (reactants) combine to form a single compound (product). Suchreactionsmay be represented by equations of the following form: X + Y → XY.

This type of reaction is single displacement reactioncarbon undergoes oxidation to form CO

theentropyof the surroundingsincreases. The second law of thermodynamics states that the totalentropyof the universe alwaysincreasesfor aspontaneous process.

Thesecond law of thermodynamicsstates that the entropy of an isolated system never decreases. Such systems spontaneously evolve towardsthermodynamic equilibrium, the state with maximum entropy. Non-isolated systems may lose entropy, provided their environment's entropy increases by at least that amount so that the total entropy increases. Entropy is a function of thestate of the system, so the change in entropy of a system is determined by its initial and final states. In the idealization that a process isreversible, the entropy does not change, while irreversible processes always increase the total entropy.

In pure iron oxide (FeO), iron and oxygen are present in the ratio 1 : 1.

However, here number of Fe2+present = 0.93

Or No. of Fe2+ions missing = 0.07

Since each Fe2+ion has 2 positive charge, the total number of charge due to missing (0.07) Fe2+ions = 0.07 * 2 = 0.14

To maintain electrical neutrality, 0.14 positive charge is compensated by the presence of Fe3+ions. Now since, replacement of one Fe2+ion by one Fe3+ion increases one positive charge, 0.14 positive charge must be compensated by the presence of 0.14 Fe3+ions.

In short, 0.93 Fe2+ions have 0.14 Fe3+ions

100 Fe2+ions have = 0.14/0.93 * 100 =15.05%

Photosynthesis is considered an endothermic reaction because in this process light energy from sunlight is absorbed to produce oxygen and glucose from carbon dioxide and water in the presence of chlorophyll.

Ans :- In the course of a chemical reaction between a metal and a nonmetal, electrons are transferred from the metal atoms to the nonmetal atoms.

For example, when zinc metal is mixed with sulfur and heated, the compound zinc sulfide is produced. Two valence electrons from each zinc atom are transferred to each sulfur atom.

Since the zinc is losing electrons in the reaction, it is being oxidized. The sulfur is gaining electrons and is thus being reduced. Anoxidation-reduction reactionis a reaction that involves the full or partial transfer of electrons from one reactant to another.Oxidationis the full or partial loss of electrons or the gain of oxygen.

Reductionis the full or partial gain of electrons or the loss of oxygen. Aredox reactionis another term for an oxidation-reduction reaction.