Explore topic-wise InterviewSolutions in .

(a) 2, 3, 4, 1

 Ni²⁺ is called Lewis acid in [Ni(CO)₄]

The ligands are the atoms or groups of atoms bound to the central metal atom / ion. The atom in a ligand that is bound directly to the central metal atom is known as donor atom. 

For e.g; In K₄[Fe(CN)₆] the ligand is CN ion but the donor atom is carbon.

(b) Potassium hexa cyanido Ferrate (II)

1. K₂ [Fe(CN)₃(Cl)₂(NH₃)] – Potassium amminedichloridotricyanidoferrate (III) 

2. [Cr (CN)₂ (H₂O)] [CO (ox)₂ (en)]  - Tetraaquadicyanidochromium (II) ethenel,2diaminebis (oxalato) cobalate (II) 

3. [Cu (NH₃)₂Cl₂]  – diamminedichloro copper (II) 

4. [Cr (NH₃)₃(NC)₂ (H₂O)]⁺ – triammineaquodicyanido – KN Chromium (Ill)ion 

5. [Fe (CN)₆]^4- – Hexacyanidoferrate (II) ion

The complex ion in K₄[Fe (CN)₆ ] is [Fe (CN)₂ ]^4-.

(d) Octahedral

Ni²⁺ is called Lewis acid in [Ni(CO)₄]

Chlorophyll is a pigment present in plants acting as a photosensitiser in the photosynthesis.

The complex ion at the coordination compound containing the central metal atom / ion and the ligands attached to it, is collectively called coordination sphere and are usually enclosed in square brackets with the net charge. 

For e.g; The coordination compound K₄[Fe(CN)₆] contains the complex ion [Fe(CN)₆]^4- is referred as coordination sphere.

The coordination number of cobalt in [CO (NH₃)₄ Cl₂ ]Cl is 6.

The IUPAC name of [Fe F₆]^4- is Hexafluriodoferrate(II)ion.

The coordination number of Fe in K₃ [Fe (CN)₅ NO] is 6.

(b) Tetrahedral

Coordination entity is an ion or a neutral molecule composed of a central action, usually a metal and the array of other groups of atoms (ligands) that are attached to it. 

For e.g; in potassium ferrocyanide K₄[Fe(CN)₆] the coordination entity is [Fe(CN)₆]^4- .

(a) Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation of A.

In a coordination compound, if the metal ion has a secondary valence of six, it has an Octahedral geometry.

The coordination polyhedral of [Ni (CO)₄ ] is Tetrahedral.

(b) [Fe(CN)₆]^4-

In the coordination entity [Fe (CN)₆]^4- , the oxidation state of iron is represented as II.

In [CO (NH₃)₅Cl]²⁺ let the oxidation number of cobalt is x. 

The net charge = +2 

= x + 5 (0) + 1 (-1) 

x – 1 = +2 

∴ x = +3

The three dimensional spatial arrangement of ligand molecules / ions that are directly attached to the central metal atom is known as coordination polyhedron (Polygon). 

For e.g; In K₄[Fe(CN)₆] the coordination polyhedra is octahedral.

The number of ligand donor atoms bonded to a central metal ion in a complex is called the coordination number of a metal. In other words, the coordination number is equal to the number of o bonds between ligands and the central metal atom. 

For e.g; In K₄[Fe(CN)₆] the coordination number of Fe²⁺ is +6.

The exchange of free solvent molecules such as water, ammonia, alcohol etc., in the crystal lattice with a ligand in the coordination entity will give different isomers. These type of isomers are called solvate isomers. If the solvent molecule is water, then these isomers are called hydrate isomers. For example, the complex with chemical formula CrCl₃. 6H₂O has three hydrate isomers as shown below.

1. In an octahedral complex, the d – orbitals of the central metal ion divide into two sets of different energies. The separation in energy is the crystal field splitting energy. 

2. The d orbitals lying along the axes dx² , dy² and dz² orbitals will experience strong repulsion and raise in energy to a greater extent than the orbitals with lobes directed between the axes (d_xy , d_yz and d_zx ). Thus the degenerate d – orbitals now split into two sets and the process is called crystal filled splitting.

The coordination number of cobalt in [CO (NO₂)₃ (NH₃)₃ ] is 6.

1-d, 2-b, 3 -a, 4-e, 5-c d) Sense organs receive the information from the environment. 

b) Sensory nerves carry the information from sense organs to brain, a) brain receives the information analyse and produces the response. e) Motor nerves carry the response from the brain to effector muscles. 

c) Effector muscles exhibit the response.

Three compounds A ,B and C are:

A. [Cr(H₂O)₃ Cl₃]. 3H₂O 

B. [Cr(H₂O)₄Cl₂]Cl. 2H₂O

C. [Cr(H₂O)₆]Cl₃

Solvate isomerism

(C) Efferent nerves

Answer is (D) Axon

(B) Cucumber

Voluntary actions: 

1. Standing 

2. sitting 

3. laughing 

4. drinking 

5. moving 

6. clapping 

7. carrying books 

8. reading 

9. writing 1

0. talking 

Involuntary actions: 

1. Blinking of eyes 

2. swallowing 

3. breathing

4. listening etc.

Answer is (B) Adrenal

(B) a is true, b is false

1. More auxins collects on light falling side of the stem. 

2. Cells on that side grow faster and make the stem bends towards light due to phototropism.

(B) Thigmotropism

Answer is (D) i, ii and iv

(B) Gibberellins

B) helps in release of ovum from ovary

B) It regulates carbohydrate, protein and fat metabolism.

i) Cerebrum.

ii) Cerebellum, medulla oblongata.

iii) Cerebellum.

iv) Medulla oblongata.

(A) Chemotropism

Root shows Geo type of tropism.

B) naked portion of a myelinated axon

1. How does alcohol cosumption affect the brain? 

2. Which part of brain is responsible for creativity? 

3. How do we get fits ? 

4) How do we get paralysis? 

5) What kind of food should we take to increase?

The responses to a stimulus on which we do not have control are called reflexes or reflex action.

The junction between nerve cells is known as Synapse

A) a, b both are true