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We may EXECUTE a single test from a set of tests in the Cucumber framework using the tags idea. This is found in the TestRunner file's @CucumberOptions section. With the use of the @t<agname> keyword, we may tag a scenario in the feature file. A scenario can have one or more tags within the feature file. We can separate test scenarios with the assistance of TAGGING. We must PASS the <tagname> value within the tags ARGUMENT to execute a selected test in Cucumber, and we must pass the <~tagname> value within the tags parameter to exclude a test from running.

Cucumber is frequently used in BDD because it is an open-source technology. It's also quite simple to grasp, has a lot of room for ADDITIONAL features, and it's rather easy to connect Cucumber with Selenium or other third-party tools/jars, etc.
It is quite easy for anyone who has just started learning Cucumber or for those who have intermediate experience in Cucumber/BDD because it has active help groups/members.
Cucumber also allows for connectivity with an excel sheet and Jenkins.

References: 
Cucumber Documentation

Recommended Resources:

Selenium Interview
Automation Testing

Despite the fact that Cucumber and JBehave have the same goal in mind, acceptance TESTS are two QUITE distinct frameworks:

• Cucumber is BUILT on Ruby, while JBehave is a pure JAVA Framework.
• Cucumber is built on features, whereas JBehave is based on stories.

We consider the following before building a SELENIUM Cucumber automation application:-

• DETERMINE the type of application you'll be TESTING. Is it a Web app, a mobile app, or a DESKTOP application?
• Is there a need for backend testing? Databases or SDKs, for example.
• Is it necessary to run the app through an internationalization test?
• It must include a report that allows you to track down a problem with minimal effort.
• It must be able to generate parametrization tests automatically.
• Any setup-related SETTINGS or global attributes should be defined in a config file.
• To segregate the functionality, use abstraction at every level.

The Cucumber JVM PARALLEL Plugin, which MAY be USED with Serenity BDD, can be used to conduct parallel tests in Cucumber. The plugin will look in the src/test/resources directory for FEATURE files. After that, it will create runners for each file.

Cucumber is UNCONCERNED about the NAMES of your step definition files or the order in which you place them. INSTEAD of maintaining all steps in a single file, we can create steps.rb file for each MAJOR action/feature. This is referred to as grouping.

Cucumber execution will BEGIN at the support level. In support, it will FIRST load the env.rb file, then hooks.rb, and LAST start EXECUTING feature file scenario STEPS.

The OPTIONS tag is a part of the TestRunner file in the CUCUMBER framework, and it takes the form of an annotation named @CucumberOptions. 

It has two parameters: glue and feature:

1. Feature: The PATH to the feature file is specified by the feature option.
2. Glue: The glue argument is used to provide the step definition file's location.

Example:

TDD is an abbreviation that stands for Test-Driven Development. This is a development practice in which the test CASES are created first, followed by the code that underpins the test cases. TDD may also be used to construct automation testing. TDD takes longer to develop due to the fact that it finds fewer FLAWS. The TDD development practice has increased the quality of code, which is more reusable and flexible as a result. TDD also aids developers in achieving high test COVERAGE, ranging from 90% to 100%. The sole disadvantage of TDD for developers is that they must build test cases before PRODUCING code.

The following is a list of the TDD methodology's basic six-step process:

• First, all the test cases are WRITTEN. Based on your requirements, you must create an automated test case.
• Carry out all of the tests: Carry out these automated test cases on the code that has been developed so far.
• Modify the code for that test case: You must develop the code to make that test casework as intended if it fails throughout this step.
• Rerun the test cases: Now you must rerun the test cases to ensure that all of the previously developed test cases have been implemented.
• Modularize your code as follows: This is a step that can be skipped. However, refactoring your code to make it more readable and reusable is recommended. That is why it is necessary.
• For new test scenarios, repeat steps 1–5: This is the final phase in the process. You must now repeat the process for the remaining test cases till all of them have been implemented.

A feature file in Cucumber can INCLUDE a maximum of 10 SCENARIOS. This quantity can differ from one PROJECT to the next and from one organization to the next. It's advisable to keep the number of scenarios in the feature file to a minimum.

Cucumber and Selenium are two widely used testing frameworks and technologies. Selenium is widely used for functional testing in many ORGANIZATIONS. These companies USE Cucumber in conjunction with Selenium because Cucumber makes the application flow easier to read and comprehend. The most important advantage of combining Cucumber and Selenium is that it allows developers to build test CASES in simple feature files that managers, non-technical stakeholders, and business analysts can UNDERSTAND. It allows you to develop tests in Gherkin, a human-readable programming language. Java,.NET, PHP, Python, Perl, and other programming languages are supported by the Selenium-Cucumber FRAMEWORK.

Open-source testing TOOLS, Selenium and Cucumber are both used for FUNCTIONAL testing. However, there are some distinctions between them.

Here are some key distinctions between Selenium and Cucumber:

• Cucumber is a behavior-driven development automation tool that may be used with Selenium. Selenium is a web browser automation tool for web projects (or Appium).
• Cucumber is used for acceptance testing, while Selenium is used for AUTOMATED UI testing.
• Technical teams (SDETs/programmers) favour Selenium, while non-technical teams often choose Cucumber (business stakeholders and testers).
• Cucumber isn't required for Selenium to WORK. Cucumber's step-definition implementation is based on Selenium or Appium.
• The script creation with Selenium is complicated, whereas Cucumber is straightforward.

RSpec and Cucumber are two examples of testing frameworks. Traditional UNIT Testing is used by RSpec. It refers to the practice of testing a section of an application separately from the REMAINING part of the application. As a result, your model performs what it's expected to do, the controller does what it's expected to do, and so on. Both RSpec and Cucumber are used for Acceptance Testing, also known as ATDD, BDD, and other terms.
The following are the major differences between RSpec and Cucumber:-

• The fundamental distinction between RSpec and Cucumber is the element of business readability.
• Unit testing is the primary purpose of RSpec. Cucumber, on the other hand, is primarily utilized in behavior-driven development. It can be used for System and Integration Testing as well.
• Cucumber separates the specs or features from the test code, allowing product owners to provide or review the specification without having to walk through the code.
• RSpec INCLUDES a similar method, but instead of ELABORATING a step with a Describe, it executes the statement using the business specification. This method is easier for developers to use, but a little more difficult for non-technical people.

The test harness in Cucumber helps in separating the task of establishing the context and interacting with the browser from cleaning up the step definition files. It gathers the stubs, DRIVERS, and other tools needed to enable test execution automation in testing.

The following is the purpose of the test harness:-

• To run a set of tests either within the framework or with the help of the test harness
• To enter DATA into the PROGRAM being tested.
• Debugging becomes more flexible and supported.
• To record the outputs of the software under test
• To keep track of the test results (pass/fail) for each test.
• Aids developers in determining code coverage at the code level.

The advantages of the test harness are as FOLLOWS:-

• As a result of automation, productivity increases.
• Improved software quality as a result of automation allows us to be more productive.
• Tests can be scheduled.
• Can handle complex conditions that testers have a hard TIME simulating.

There are majorly three steps in the working of BDD. They are as follows:-

• BEHAVIOUR Description: We list down the features of our APPLICATION first in the FEATURE file.
• Making the Step Definition file: The mapping between each step of the scenario defined in the feature file and a code of the FUNCTION to be executed is stored in the steps definition file.
• Testing and running: We run the test cases to check if we PASS. In general, a lot of failures are observed before achieving the final code.