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Cucumber supports a variety of programming languages, including Java,.NET, Ruby, and OTHERS. It can also be used with other tools like Capybara and Selenium.

The Gherkin TEXT serves as a skeleton for your AUTOMATED tests and serves as documentation. Gherkin is based on TreeTop Grammar, which is used in more than 37 languages. As a result, you can write your gherkin in more than 37 different SPOKEN languages.

When testing a feature, CUCUMBER profiles make it SIMPLE to define groupings of TESTS in a feature file so that we can choose to execute only a subset of them rather than all of them. It was CREATED to help people SAVE time. In a cucumber.yml file, the user can reuse commonly used cucumber flags.

The PURPOSE of the Cucumber dry run is to verify compilation FAULTS and compile the Step Definition and Feature files. Dry run's value might be either TRUE or false. Dry run has the value false by default and it is PRESENT in the Test Runner Class file.

If the dry run value is true, Cucumber will check all steps in the Feature file. WITHIN the Step Definition file, it will also check the implementation code of steps in the Feature file.

If any of the steps in the Feature file is missing its implementation in the Step Definition file, a message is thrown. The @CucumberOptions has a dry run parameter that is used to configure the test parameters.

When we only have one, two, or maybe FIVE situations in a feature file, it appears to be simple. In reality, however, this does not occur. In a single feature file, we may have 10, 20, or even more scenarios for each feature under test. They could reflect various purposes (smoke test/regression test), perspectives (developer/QA/BA), and statuses (ready for execution/work in progress).
Tags in cucumber provide a way to run scenarios in a specific SEQUENCE from a runner file. Each situation can be LABELED with a useful tag. Later, in the runner file, we may specify which tag (and hence which scenario(s)) Cucumber should run. “@” is the first character in a tag. Any RELEVANT content after "@" can be USED to define your tag.
Example - ‘@InitialTest’ 

HOOKS are code blocks that execute before or after each Cucumber scenario in the execution cycle. This enables us to better control the development workflow and decrease code redundancy. Setting up the web driver and terminating the web driver session resembles a test setup. When dealing with different scenarios, it's best to do the setup and clean up only once. Hooks are used to bringing optimization.

Certain preconditions, such as executing the program, creating a database connection, preparing the test data, and so on, may be required in some CASES. There are also SEVERAL POSTCONDITIONS to be fulfilled, such as ending the database connection, closing the browser, refreshing test data, and logging out of the program. Cucumber handles all of these situations with the use of hooks.

The methods @Before and @After can be used to define hooks anywhere in the project or step definition layers. Before hook is executed before any other test situations, and after the hook is executed after all test scenarios have been COMPLETED.

A comment is a chunk of code that is intended for documentation rather than execution. To make it more legible and clear, whether it's a STEP definition file or a feature file. As a result, it's critical to use/insert comments in the right places THROUGHOUT the file. This is also beneficial for troubleshooting the code. Comments can be added to Cucumber feature files at any time. To add comments, simply begin the statement with the “#” sign.
Different programming LANGUAGES have different standards for commenting. Let's see how Cucumber handles the situation:

• For Step Definition File, if you're using Java as a platform, start your comments with "/."
• In the CASE of a feature file, we only need to type # before STARTING our comment.

The following are the files required for a Cucumber framework:

• Feature FILE: It has plain text descriptions of single or numerous test situations. Keywords like Then, When, Background, Scenario Outline, Feature, And, But, and so on are used in the tests. As a result, it's a file that keeps track of features and their descriptions.
• Step Definition File: It has the extension .java. It essentially acts as a TRANSLATOR between the test scenario steps provided in the feature file and the automation code. Cucumber SEARCHES the step definition file and EXECUTES the relevant functions that are assigned to that step when it RUNS a step described in the feature file.
• TestRunner: .java is the file extension for this file. It connects the feature file and the step definition file. It allows the user to run one or more feature files at the same time. It contains the locations of the step definition and feature files.

An annotation is a type of TEXT that has been pre-defined and has a specified meaning. It tells the compiler/interpreter what to do when the program runs. The annotations on Cucumber are as FOLLOWS:

• Given: It specifies the requirements for RUNNING the test.
  Example: Given I have an account on Interviewbit.
• When: It establishes the starting POINT for any test scenario.
  Example: When I log in to Interviewbit.
• Then: It contains the expected result of the test which is to be executed.
  Example: Then registration should be successful.
• And: Between any two statements, it gives the logical AND CONDITION. AND can be combined with the GIVEN, WHEN, and THEN statements.
  Example: When I enter my account number AND CVV.
• But: It denotes a logical OR relationship between two propositions. OR can be combined with the GIVEN, WHEN, and THEN statements.
  Example: Then I should be logged in BUT I must enter the OTP.

Step definitions connect Gherkin steps to programming CODE. The MAPPING between each step of the scenario defined in the feature file and a code of the function to be executed is STORED in the steps definition file. A step definition carries out the ACTION that should be performed by the step. So step definitions hard-wire the specification to the implementation.

Following are the advantages of using Cucumber:-

• Cucumber supports a VARIETY of programming languages, including Java.net and Ruby.
• It serves as a link between COMMERCIAL and technical language. This can be DONE by writing a test case in plain English text.
• It enables the test SCRIPT to be developed without any prior knowledge of programming, as well as the participation of non-programmers.
• Unlike other tools, it functions as an end-to-end test framework.
• Cucumber ALLOWS for code reuse thanks to its simple test script architecture.

We NEED the following minimum requirements to successfully run a Cucumber Web test CASE:-

1. The COMPILER and the development kit for the programming language we will be using. Example: JDK and JRE for using Java as our programming language.
2. An IDE (Integrated Development Environment) WHEREIN we can write our code. Example: Eclipse.
3. Build tools so as to do tasks such as compiling code, packaging code to a jar, creating source code. Example: Maven, Gradle.

A project's FEATURE can be described as a stand-alone unit or FUNCTIONALITY. A list of scenarios to test for a feature is frequently included with it. The Feature File is a file in which we store features, descriptions of features, and situations to be evaluated. For each feature under test, it is recommended that a separate feature file be created. The feature file must have the extension ".feature." You can make as many feature files as you want.
Here's an example:-

For an e-commerce website, we can have the following features:-

• User registers and SIGNS up on the website.
• User tries to log in to their ACCOUNT using their credentials.
• Users add a product to their cart.
• User clicks on checkout now.
• User pays for their items.
• User logs out from the website.

All these are different features. The website will have many such features. All these features will have a separate Feature File.

Consider the situation when we need to run a test scenario multiple times. Assume we need to ensure that the login FEATURE is functional for all TYPES of subscribers. This necessitates repeating the login functionality scenario. Copying and pasting the identical instructions to just re-run the code does not APPEAR to be a good approach. Gherkin ADDS ANOTHER framework, the scenario outline, to help with this. The scenario outline is similar to scenario, with the exception that several inputs are provided.
Example:-

Scenario Outline - Sign In Feature for a website.
Explanation: The website can have multiple users and so we need to consider all the users while implementing the sign-in functionality.

Scenario is a FUNDAMENTAL GHERKIN structure. Every scenario BEGINS with the keyword "Scenario:" (or a localized version of it) and ends with a scenario title. Every feature can have one or more scenarios, each of which has one or more steps. 

As an EXAMPLE of a scenario, consider the following:

Scenario − Verify My Orders Functionality.
Explanation: When a user CLICKS on the My Orders option he/ she should be taken to the My Orders page.

Cucumber understands Gherkin. It's a straightforward ENGLISH representation of the APP's functionality. It is used for defining test cases. It is intended to be non-technical and human-readable, and it DESCRIBES USE cases for a software system as a whole. It's a domain-specific (DSL), business-friendly LANGUAGE.

Following are the PRIMARY keywords in Cucumber:-

• Feature: The Feature keyword's aim is to collect relevant SCENARIOS and provide a high-level description of a software feature.
• Rule: The Rule keyword is used to express a single business rule that should be followed. It adds to the information about a feature.
• Example: This is a practical illustration of a business rule. It comprises a series of steps.
• Given: The given steps are used to describe the system's initial context - the scenario's scene. It usually refers to an EVENT that occurred in the past.
• When: When describing an occurrence or an action, When is EMPLOYED. It could be a user interacting with the system or an event generated by another system.
• Then: Then steps are employed to indicate an anticipated outcome, or result.
• Background: A background helps you to give the situations that follow it some context. It can have ONE or more Given steps, which are executed prior to each scenario but after any Before hooks.

Behaviour Driven Development (BDD) is a SYNTHESIS and refinement of practices stemming from Test Driven Development (TDD) and Acceptance Test-Driven Development (ATDD). BDD augments TDD and ATDD by
applying the “FIVE Why’s” principle to each proposed user story so that its PURPOSE is clearly related to business outcomes. Five Why's is an ITERATIVE interrogative approach for uncovering the cause-and-effect links at the ROOT of a problem. The main purpose of this technique is to uncover the core cause of a flaw or problem by asking "Why?" repeatedly. Each response serves as the foundation for the next question.

Gherkin is a readable business language that allows you to DEFINE business activity without getting bogged down in implementation specifics. It's a domain-specific language for defining specs tests in Cucumber format. It describes USE cases in plain English and helps USERS to remove logic elements from behaviour testing.

Cucumber is a behavior-driven development (BDD) TESTING tool. The BDD framework's major goal is to bring together a variety of project RESPONSIBILITIES, such as quality assurance, developers, and business analysts, to understand the application without diving too deeply into the technical components.
Testers use Cucumber to create test cases for evaluating program BEHAVIOUR. It is an important tool to automate acceptance tests written in logical language that customers can understand. It's primarily USED to develop acceptance tests for web apps BASED on their features' behaviour.