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Correct option is (a) True

To explain: A thin and short fiber, for example short, hair-shaped glass fiber, is only effective during the first hours after pouring the CONCRETE (its function is to reduce cracking while the concrete is stiffening), but it will not increase the concrete tensile STRENGTH. A normal-size fiber for European SHOTCRETE (1 mm DIAMETER, 45 mm length—steel or PLASTIC) will increase the concrete’s tensile strength.

Correct choice is (a) drop panel

The best EXPLANATION: Drop panel is used for RESISTING HIGH shear at the column, drop panels have thickness more than the slab thickness and they are mostly used when the SPAN is large or shear load is high.

While column capital is the upper head of the column which is thickened to REDUCE the punching shear on the column, column capital also reduces the clear span.

Correct answer is (a) 4cm to 5cm

Explanation: In R.C.C. work the end or side covers for steel BAR may be taken as 4cm to 5cm (1 1/2” to 2”) and the BOTTOM and TOP covers may be taken as 1.2 cm to 2 cm(1/2” to 3/4”) for SLAB and 2.5 cm to 5cm (1” to 2”) for beams.

The correct answer is (a) mansard roof

Best explanation: The four-sided slopes are not the characteristic FEATURE of only Mansard roofs; the Pyramid roofs ALSO come with this feature. As the name suggests, these roofs are shaped like PYRAMIDS, a roof with four sloping sides. These roofs are best-suited for smaller structures, like a farmhouse hut. These roofs are POPULAR in the contemporary architecture, with many structures getting these roofs.The walls of these houses are symmetrical and easy to build. A lower degree pitch works best for such four-sided roofs. They would work even better if the walls were smaller and the roof made for a significant part of the house. It is not only aesthetically pleasing, but also more energy efficient.

Right answer is (d) BASE of the foundation, subgrade and foundation soil

Explanation: A foundation (or, more commonly, base) is the element of an architectural structure which CONNECTS it to the GROUND, and transfers LOADS from the structure to the ground. FOUNDATIONS are generally considered either shallow or deep. Foundation engineering is the application of soil mechanics and rock mechanics (Geotechnical engineering) in the design of foundation elements of structures.

The correct answer is (b) Hammerbeam roof

To EXPLAIN I would SAY: The hammerbeam roof was the CULMINATION of the development of the arch-braced truss, allowing greater spaces to be spanned. The hammerbeam roof of Westminster HALL in London, designed by Hugh Herland and installed between 1395 and 1399, was the largest timber-roofed space in medieval Europe, spanning a distance of just over 20 metres (66 ft). It is considered to be the BEST example of a hammer-beam truss in England.

Hammer beam trusses can have a single hammerbeam or multiple hammerbeams. A false hammerbeam roof (truss) has two definitions: 1) There is no hammer post on the hammer beam as sometimes found in a type of arch brace truss or; 2)The hammer beam joins into the hammer post instead of the hammer post landing on the hammer beam.

The correct option is (c) RISERS minus one

Best explanation: The part of the STAIRWAY that is stepped on. It is constructed to the same specifications (THICKNESS) as any other flooring. The tread “depth” is measured from the outer EDGE of the step to the vertical “riser” between steps. The “width” is measured from one side to the other.

Correct answer is (a) Raised Heel Roof Truss

The best explanation: This is one of the most efficient TYPES of timber roof trusses, MOSTLY because it BRINGS a very good room for insulation, but at the same time it also provides you with a very good system for structural support. It might require some additional materials in order to make it bring the best results, not to mention that the costs can be a little HIGHER when compared to other truss types, but it does HELP you lower the energy bill value, so keep that in mind.

The correct CHOICE is (d) 1/30th of span

To elaborate: Beams are TRADITIONALLY descriptions of building or civil engineering structural elements, but any structures such as AUTOMOTIVE automobile frames, aircraft components, machine frames, and other mechanical or structural systems contain beam structures that are DESIGNED to CARRY lateral loads are analyzed in a similar.

Right OPTION is (b) True

The best explanation: Simply take the ground dimensions, MULTIPLY LENGTH times width (include overhangs) and multiply by the roof PITCH multiplier. For example, a 24 x 48 home with a 6:12 roof would calculate as follows: 24 x 48 = 1,152 x 1.12 = 1,290.24, or just over 1,290 square feet of roof.

The CORRECT answer is (c) Hipped roof

To explain I would say: A hip roof, hip-roof or hipped roof, is a type of roof where all sides slope downwards to the WALLS, usually with a fairly GENTLE slope (ALTHOUGH a tented roof by definition is a hipped roof with steeply PITCHED slopes rising to a peak).

The correct choice is (a) Queen post truss

To explain: A queen post truss has two principal rafters and two vertical queen posts. The queen post truss extends the span, and combined with spliced joints in the longer members extends the useful span for TRUSSES of these types. As with a king post, the queen posts may be replaced with iron rods and thus called a queen rod truss. This truss is OFTEN KNOWN as a palladiana (Palladian truss) in Italy, as it was FREQUENTLY used by the VENETIAN architect Andrea Palladio. Sometimes a palladian truss is defined as a compound truss with a queen post and king post truss in the same assembly.

The queen post truss and the king post truss may be combined, by using the straining beam of the queen post truss as the tie beam for a king post truss above. Such combinations are known as compound trusses.

Right CHOICE is (d) 78.5 QUINTAL per cu m

To explain: The density of steel may be TAKEN as 78.5 quintal per cu m or 7.85 grams per cu m, 390 lbs per cu ft. The percentage of steel REINFORCEMENT depends on the design of the STRUCTURE.

The correct option is (b) True

For EXPLANATION: Then measure all exterior WALL sections from corner to corner, adding in any roof overhangs or bump-outs. Put these DIMENSIONS in their PLACE on the diagram.

The CORRECT CHOICE is (a) two

The explanation is: The concrete work including centering and SHUTTERING, and BINDING of steel bars in position is taken under one item in cu m (cu ft) and the steel reinforcement and its bending is taken under one item in (cwt).

Right option is (b) True

Best explanation: A REINFORCED concrete section where the concrete resists the compression and steel resists the tension can be made into ALMOST any shape and SIZE for the construction industry. FRP composites and Construction Parameters.

Right option is (b) False

The best explanation: Resistant to weak acids and especially sulfates, this cement cures quickly and has very high durability and strength. It was frequently used after World War II to MAKE precast concrete objects. However, it can lose strength with HEAT or time (conversion), especially when not properly cured. After the collapse of three ROOFS made of prestressed concrete beams using high alumina cement, this cement was BANNED in the UK in 1976. Subsequent inquiries into the matter showed that the beams were improperly manufactured, but the ban remained.

Right choice is (b) arch BRACES

Easiest explanation: Lacking a tie BEAM, the arch-BRACED (ARCHED brace) truss gives a more open LOOK to the interior of the roof. A double arch braced truss has a second pair of arched braces lower down, from the rafter to a block or inner sill: This form is called a wagon, cradle, barrel or tunnel roof because of this cylindrical appearance.

Right choice is (d) 12 mm

To explain: Due to buckling we don’t use DIAMETER of LONGITUDINAL bars of a COLUMN less than 12 mm diameter.

Correct choice is (a) True

The explanation is: Roof SLOPE, which is typically DEFINED in inches. Some customers will know the roof slope and can SUPPLY it to you, but DETERMINING the slope yourself is easy. Unless there is a low-hanging roof eave, you may have to get on a ladder and work with a 1- or 2-foot LEVEL.

Right OPTION is (a) Reinforced Cement Concrete

For explanation: When we say concrete in the building TRADE, we actually mean reinforced concrete. Its FULL name is reinforced cement concrete, or RCC. RCC is concrete that contains STEEL bars, called reinforcement bars, or REBARS.

The correct option is (b) Madras

For explanation: The terrace bricks of 15*7.5*2.5cm in SIZE are laid on-edge in diagonal rows with LIME mortar 1:11/2 proportion closely packed spanning over the beams. The BRICKWORK is then cured by sprinkling with water for a PERIOD of 10 days. After the brickwork has set, a layer of lime concrete is laid and consolidated so as to give a compact THICKNESS of 7.5cm and cured for 6 days.

Correct OPTION is (b) False

For explanation I would say: Slope defined as vertical RISE (in INCHES) per foot of horizontal run. For example, A roof that RISES 6 inches for every 12 inches of run is a “six-in-twelve,” or 6:12 roof, with a pitch of ¼.

The correct choice is (B) collar BEAM

For explanation I would say: The PRINCIPAL rafters are linked by a collar beam supported by a pair of arch BRACES, which stiffen the structure and help to TRANSMIT the weight of the roof down through the principal rafters to the supporting wall.

Right answer is (b) principal rafters

For explanation I would say: The principal rafters are linked by a collar BEAM supported by a pair of arch braces, which stiffen the structure and HELP to transmit the weight of the roof down through the principal rafters to the supporting WALL.

The correct answer is (B) False

Easy explanation: ANOTHER, cheaper way of protecting rebars is coating them with ZINC phosphate. Zinc phosphate slowly reacts with calcium cations and the hydroxyl anions present in the cement pore water and forms a STABLE HYDROXYAPATITE layer.

Correct option is (b) Lancet arch

Easiest explanation: The SIMPLEST shape is the long OPENING with a pointed arch known in England as the lancet. Lancet openings are often GROUPED, usually as a cluster of three or five. Lancet openings may be very NARROW and steeply pointed. Lancet arches are typically DEFINED as two-centered arches whose radii are larger than the arch’s span.

The CORRECT option is (d) jack arch

Easiest explanation: Unlike REGULAR arches, jack arches are not semicircular in form. Instead, they are flat in profile and are used under the same circumstances as lintels. Unlike lintels, which are subject to bending stress, jack arches are composed of individual masonry elements CUT or formed into a wedge shape that efficiently uses the compressive STRENGTH of the masonry in the same MANNER as a regular arch.

The correct answer is (C) 350 kg/cm^2

The best explanation: M35 is minimum required CONCRETE for PRESTRESSED concrete.

Here 35 is in N/mm^2. So convert it into kg/cm^2.

N/mm^2 = 10 kg/cm^2.

So 35 N/mm^2 = 350 Kg/cm^2.

The correct answer is (a) False

The EXPLANATION is: Because it is subject to additional INTERNAL stress caused by THERMAL expansion and contraction, this type of ARCH is considered to be statically indeterminate.

Correct answer is (a) True

Explanation: An average value for the COEFFICIENT of THERMAL expansion of concrete is about 10 millionths PER degree Celsius (10×10-6/C), although values RANGING from 7 to 12 millionths per degree Celsius have been observed.

Right option is (a) True

Easiest EXPLANATION: A timber roof truss is a STRUCTURAL framework of TIMBERS designed to bridge the space above a room and to provide support for a roof. Trusses usually occur at regular INTERVALS, linked by longitudinal timbers such as PURLINS. The space between each truss is known as a bay.

Timber roof trusses were a medieval development. Earlier roofs had been supported by coupled rafters – pairs of rafters linked by horizontal beams. But such roofs were structurally weak, and lacking any longitudinal support were prone to racking, a collapse resulting from horizontal movement.

Roof made with timber

Right option is (a) True

To explain I would say: General principles to be observed while laying damp proof course are:

i. The DPC should COVER full thickness of walls excluding rendering.

ii. The MORTAR bed upon which the DPC is to be laid should be made LEVEL, even and free from projections. Uneven base is likely to cause damage to DPC.

iii. When a horizontal DPC is to be continued up a vertical FACE a cement concrete fillet 75mm in radius should be provided at the junction prior to the treatment.

iv. Each DPC should be placed in correct relation to other DPC so as to ensure complete and continuous barrier to the passage of water from floors, walls or roof.

Right answer is (a) True

Easy explanation: Such a building may be called an apartment building, apartment complex, FLAT complex, block of flats, tower block, high-rise or, OCCASIONALLY, mansion block (in British English), ESPECIALLY if it consists of many apartments for rent. In Scotland, it is called a block of flats or, if it is a traditional sandstone building, a tenement, a term which has a pejorative connotation in the United States. Apartments may be owned by an owner/occupier, by leasehold tenure or RENTED by tenants (two types of housing tenure).

Correct answer is (b) False

Best EXPLANATION: The most reliable estimate is detailed estimate. Detailed estimating, sometimes referred to as “Prime Cost”, “Bottoms Up” or “Grass Roots” estimating requires a thorough and detailed analysis of all the TASKS required to DELIVER a PROJECT or product. The estimate can be DEVELOPED using a combination of estimating methods.

The CORRECT option is (b) True

Explanation: FIGURE SHOWING JACK arch