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Earth day is celebrated on 22nd April.

Man affects the environment in the following ways :

1. Deforestation ’for procuring agricultural land.

2. Making dams on rivers and changing the direction of- water towards deserts.

3. Mining to get minerals from the earth.

1.  Atmosphere,

2. Lithosphere,

3. Hydrosphere,

4. Biosphere.

The earth has three crusts

1. Sial

2. Mantel (Sima)

3. Nife.

1. Four

2. Three fourth

3. Road

4. 5 

5. Biotic.

The environment is of three types-Physical, Cultural and Biological.

• The physical environment is the prevailing natural conditions comprising the land, water and air.
• The environment of lifeforms plants, animals including humans and other organisms is called biological environment.
• Cultural environment includes man-made features like settlements, roads, industries etc.

emperature, humidity, air pressure, etc.

• It provides the air we breath.
• It provides water and drink.
• It provides food we eat.
• It provides land where we live.

On the surface, environment is ever changing because all its elements undergo a change. These elements are interdependent. The changes in natural environment brings about changes in Biological environment.

Plants and animals together form biospljere or the living world. It is narrow zone on the earth where land, water and air comes in contact with each other to support life.

On the basis, of lithosphere, hydrosphere and atmosphere, a different type of biosphere is created for flora and fauna. Like humans, these also depend upon their environment which is called Habitat.

• Biotic component is the world of living organisms for example – plants and animals.
• Abiotic components are non-living elements for example land and minerals etc.

1. True

2. True

3. False

4. True

5. True

1. It provides life-support gases.

2. It keeps the earth’s temperature moderate.

3. It protects us from hot-ultraviolet rays of the sun.

1. Environment is our basic life support system. It provides the air we breathe, the water we drink, the food we eat and the land where we live.

2. It provides us natural resources such as wood, fuel, energy and minerals.

3. Most of the human activities affect the environment in one way or the other.

4. Many parts of the environment have already been badly damaged by over use or irrational use of resources like forest, pastures and farms.

5. If we continue to do so, the damage will be irreparable and the consequences will be very serious.

The word ecology is derived from Greek word Oikos means a place to live and logos means to study. Ernst Haeckel was a German biologist who coined the term ecology. Ecology is the study of interrelationships of organisms between the biotic and abiotic components of their environment.

The combination of Bio-sphere and physical environment is called Ecology.

The answer is (B) A natural ecosystem

The answer is (D) All the above

The answer is (D) All of the above

The answer is (D) DDT

The answer is (B) Tansley

The answer is (A) CO₂

(d) All of the above

1. A large rain forest

2. A grassland

3. A desert

4. A mountain.

Following are the things that can be recycled.

1. Plastic

2. Papers

3. Polythene

4. Certain categories of waste of industries

5. Glass.

Dual Pricing: It means charging the prices in two ways. Farmers and industrial units were required to buy and sell fixed quantities of input and output on the basis of prices fixed by the government and the rest were purchased and sold at market price.

The answer is (C) Both biotic and abiotic components

The answer is (A) Environment

Biotic component means the living components of an ecosystem. On the basis of food relations, they can be put in the following categories-

(a) Producers

(b) Consumers,

(a) Producers: They are the living members of an ecosystem which synthesise their own food. Green plants are called producers because they are able to synthesise their food in the presence of sunlight and chlorophyll by taking carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and water from the soil. They are also called as autotrophs as they synthesise their own food. As green plants can convert solar energy into chemical energy of food, so they can also be called converter.

(b) Consumers or Heterotrophs:

Consumers or heterotrophs are those animals which eat foodstuffs manufactured by green plants. They cannot manufacture their own food. Phagotrophs are such heterotrophic organisms which digest their food within their body.

Consumers are of three types:

1. Primary Consumers: All the herbivores which feed on producers (green plants) are called primary consumers. Some common examples of primary consumers are insects, goat, cow, rabbit, grasshopper, deer, parrot etc.

2. Secondary Consumers: Carnivores eat the herbivores or primary consumers and are called secondary consumers. Some common examples of secondary consumers are a snake, frog, fox, lizard, etc. They are also called primary carnivores.

3. Tertiary Consumers: They are also called secondary carnivores. Big carnivores eat the secondary consumers and are called as tertiary consumers. Lion and tiger are common examples of tertiary consumers.

4. Omnivore: An animal which eats plants, as well as flesh of other animals, is called omnivore. Man is an example of an omnivore.

(c) Decomposers or Micro consumers or osmotrophs or saprotrophs: These are the micro-organisms which feed on dead bodies of plants and animals and break down complex organic substances into simpler inorganic substances. Putrefying bacteria and fungi decompose the dead plants and animal bodies into ammonia and other simpler substances. Through the decomposers, the elements enter the earth again, which are again taken up by plants. Thus, the cycle of matter continues.

The answer is (C) Humus

(a) Natural Ecosystem, 

(b) Artificial Ecosystem

Aquatic ecosystems are: 

(i) Freshwater ecosystem, 

(ii) Marine water ecosystem

1. Flamingos used to migrate from Silbeia to Mayani lake to build their nests and lay eggs. 

2. In the recent past, the water level in the dam has fallen.

3. Therefore, the flamingos have stopped coming to Mayani lake.

If deforestation is stopped and instead tree plantation is stepped up, animals that depend on plants will get protection and thrive.

Maharashtra State has declared the Nannaj area a sanctuary for Great Indian Bustard thus helping them from extinction.

Mayani lake homes flamingos from Siberia who migrate to this lake. Here they build nests, lay eggs and when the baby bird grows big enough they return with them to Siberia.

The population of the world is now close to six hundred crore.

Correct option is (a) plants

In Indian culture, people believe that a jungle is reserved for god which is known as Devrai.

1. In the first picture we can see a polluted area which is a dumping yard of garbage near a water body. I don’t like it because garbage should not be dumped near a drinking water source. The garbage should be burnt in an open unused area. If we dump garbage near a water source, it will lead to water pollution which in turn spreads diseases.

2. The first picture represents a polluted area whereas the second picture represents a clean and green village which is the best example of perfect, polluted-free environment. It is a beautiful village with full of lush green vegetation.

Yes, I feel good about it because we can see greenery everywhere which feasts our eyes and also we find cleanliness in this picture. As a responsible human being I wish such an environment might be in my surroundings which fills healthiness both in our body and mind. These two pictures indicate a best example for biodiversity.

If water from polluted sources keep soaking into the soil, the soil become infertile.

If forests are reduced, biodiversity is also depleted.

When the proportion of carbon dioxide in the air rises, it leads to rise in temperature.

• Land-29%,
• Water-71%.

The outer solid part of earth’s surface is called lithosphere.

Features:

• Its thickness is 80-100 km.
• Its thickness is more on land and less in water.

• It provides us forests.
• It provides grasslands for grazing.
• It provides land for Agriculture.
• It provides land for settlement.
• It is a source of mineral wealth.