Explore topic-wise InterviewSolutions in .

Correct option is: (b) immobilized

(a) Both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is correct explanation of Assertion.

• The management of forest and wildlife resource is considered as a challenging task because,
• Due to deforestation, there is a lack of oxygen.
• People kill animals, for making cloth designs so it harms the wildlife.
• There is a lack of public awareness.
• There are global warming and climate change.
• Water scarcity and changes in rainfall pattern.
• People kill animals and cut down trees, for economic benefit.
• Poaching.
• Forests cannot be irrigated like fields they depend on rain.
• Changes in rainfall pattern, affect the development of forests and may lead to destruction.

Correct option is: (c) ice-pack

biomedical waste includes bandages, dressings, gloves, needles, saline bottle, medicines, medicine bottles, test tubes, body parts, blood etc. from clinics, hospitals, blood banks and laboratories.

(i) Garbage collected in classroom dustbin:

• Waste paper and paper bits. 
• Pencil shavings 
• Wrappers of chocolates, biscuits etc. 
• Left over food from tiffins and fruit peels. 
• Empty ball pen refills.

(ii) Out of these left over food from tiffins and fruit peels and pencil shaving can be used to make compost manure in school garden. The remaining waste can be sold to scrap dealers and sent for recycling.

(iii) Yes, we can do the same with the garbage generated in the house.

• We see that in picture A there is lot of garbage spread around making the place very dirty, whereas in picture B, there is no garbage and the place is absolutely neat and clean.

Primary consumers, secondary consumers, tertiary consumers or apex consumers are the different types of consumers. These types are according to the trophic level to which they belong.

If this food chain has to be converted into a food web, there should be interactions between the different components. Any living organism can be prey to different predators. Moreover, a predator can also be a prey for other. Frog eats different insects. The same frog can be either eaten by snake or by hawk.

The birds on the tree depend on the aquatic organisms in the lake for their feeding. Birds stay on the trees which are in the vicinity of the lake, so that it is easier for them to capture fishes, frogs, etc. They must also be using the same lake water for drinking.

In every ecosystem, there are always interactions between producers, consumers and decomposers. This sequence of feeding interactions is called food chain. In every food chain there are links between four to five trophic levels constituting the producers, primary consumers, secondary consumers, tertiary consumers, etc. The links of food chain are in linear sequence. But food web is a complex network of many small food chains. In fact, food web is the collection of many small food chains. Thus, when many food chains are interwoven, they form food web.

• Death. 
• Injuries. 
• Loss of limbs or body parts. 
• Burns. 
• Diseases. 
• Fractures. 
• Bleeding. 
• People becoming unconscious.

In any environment, there are biotic and abiotic components. There are interactions among these components. All such interactions make an ecosystem.

The different components in the ecosystem are as follows:

Abiotic components : Air, water, soil, sunlight, temperature, humidity, etc.

Biotic components: All the types of living organisms, like bacteria, fungi, plants and animals.

Biodiversity is documented on the following three levels, viz. genetic diversity, species diversity and ecosystem diversity.

1. Genetic Diversity: Diversity seen among the organisms of same species due to genetic differences is called genetic diversity. E.g. The individual human beings are different from each other. No two animals or plants are exactly alike.

2. Species Diversity: The difference between the different species is the species diversity, e.g. All the species of plants, animals and microbes which are seen in any natural environment.

3. Ecosystem Diversity: In one region there may be different ecosystems, such diversity in the ecosystems is called ecosystem diversity. Ecosystems are natural or artificial. Every region shows different types of ecosystems such as aquatic, terrestrial, desert or forest ecosystems. Each ecosystem has its own habitats with resident flora and fauna.

Biodiversity can be conserved by the following ways:

• Protection of the rare species of plants and animals.
• Creating habitats for the animals and plants by establishing National Parkland Sanctuaries.
• Declaration of bioreserves, the areas which are protected through conservation.
• Conservation projects for protecting special species.
• Conservation of all flora and fauna.
• Strict observance of the acts and rules.
• Use of traditional knowledge and maintaining record of traditional knowledge.

i. False. (Both abiotic and biotic factors play very important role in the ecosystem. Only abiotic factors will not decide the working of an ecosystem.)

ii. False. (Paddy fields are frequently attacked by grasshoppers. Frogs feed on grasshoppers and control the population of these insects that cause destruction of the crops.)

iii. Environmental pollution is necessary and acceptable change in the surrounding environment.

iv. X-rays and radiations from atomic energy plants are natural radiations.

v. The person breaching the Environmental Conservation Act is entitled for either one year imprisonment or fine up to ₹ 5 lakh.

a. Climate. 

Climate influences our basic needs like food, clothing and shelter as well as our occupations. Various factors of climate like temperature, atmospheric pressure, sunlight, rainfall, humidity etc. will decide which kind of plants and animals can survive there.

b. Weather.

Atmospheric conditions at a specific time at a particular place are referred to as weather. Weather is related to a specific location and specific time whereas climate is related to a longer duration and larger area.

c. Geographical favourability.

Geographical favourability includes location, availability of water, availability of natural resources and climate of a region. This has a great impact on the progress of human beings. Countries that have more favourable factors will progress more.

d. Observatories.

Most countries in the world have established meteorology departments for recording climatic factors. These departments have observatories which are equipped with modern instruments and technology.

(c) Forests do not conserve soill

• Man came last on the earth during evolution of animals. But due to his intelligence, imagination, critical thinking and memory, he made progress in all fields.
• By virtue of these qualities he became the supreme.
• All the natural resources on the earth were very rapidly exploited by man.
• Under the pretext of technology and. development he made degradation of almost all natural ecosystems.
• He never obeys the rules of nature.
• Phenomena like pollution, urbanization, industrialization and deforestation are exclusively his creations.
• Hunting and poaching other animals were his contribution to the extinction of many other animals.
• Except man no other organism on the earth can change the ecosystems in such a drastic way. Therefore, it is rightly said that human beings have important place in environment.

The contaminants can harm animals and damage the food chain.

• Deforestation becomes a threat to the economy, quality of life and future of the environment.
• Loss of many forests.
• It gives rise to ecological problems like floods, drought, soil erosion, loss of wildlife, extinction of species, imbalance of biogeochemical cycles, alteration of climatic conditions and desertification.

Rainwater harvesting is a process of collecting, filtering, storing and using rainwater for irrigation and for various other purposes.

1. It is non-biodegradable material which cause environmental pollution. It is harmful to wild life and marine life. It is very hard to clean or remove from environment. 

2. Alternatives to plastic bag are jute or canvas bags, paper bags. 

3. It control the pollution and clean the environment and make it better’ place to live for all organism.

Correct option is: (b) Strontium-10, Cerium-141, Barium-140

i. (a) Greenpeace

ii. (b) Sunderban

iii. (d) 22nd May

iv. (c) endemic

v. (a) indeterminate

vi. (c) producer

vii. (a) one horned rhino

1. Pollution is created only due to human activities. Air, water, soil, noise, radiation, thermal, light, plastic are different types of pollution.

2. All types of pollution affect environment and particularly threatening the survival of living organisms.

3. Pollution must be controlled in order to have good quality of the environment. E.g. When plastic is thrown anywhere, it causes pollution of the land, it clogs the rain water drains, it affects feeding of the animals. Plastic pollution can be completely stopped by us through proper management of plastic waste. By recycling or reusing, we can overcome the plastic pollution. This would be a powerful way of environmental management.

4. Similarly, when we reduce pollution of different types, we automatically help to regain the environmental health.

• To save human life from disasters. To help them for moving away from the place of disasters by rapid action.
• To supply essential commodities to the affected people. This helps to reduce the gravity of disaster. People are given grains, water and clothes and other basic necessities under this objective.
• To bring back the conditions of affected people to normalcy.
• To rehabilitate the affected and displaced victims.
• To think and execute the protective measures in order to develop capability to face the disasters in future.

A. This symbol tells us to keep our wastes carefully. The garbage should not be strewn anywhere. But it should be properly managed. Waste if managed properly can be a wealth.

B. This symbol tells us to save electricity. If electricity is carefully used, we can save our natural resources. This message is given through this picture.

C. Use of bicycle means use of green energy. By riding on a bicycle we save on fuel and use our own muscular energy. It is the best ecofriendly, non polluting vehicle.

The advantages of using biogas are as follows:

• It burns without smoke, causing less pollution.
• It is an excellent way to get rid of organic wastes like bio-waste and sewage material.
• The leftover slurry is good manure rich in nitrogen and phosphorus.
• It is safe and convenient to use. It can reduce the number of greenhouse gases emitted.

Solar energy is the energy obtained from the sun. This energy resources is available in unlimited amount in nature and it can be renewed over a short period of time, inexpensive and can be harvested continuously

(b) solar energy

Correct Answer is: (d) trees

(d) Saving trees.

(a) Domestic waste like vegetable peels can be disposed by composting where solid wastes is digested by microbial action or earthworms and converted into humus.

(b) The metallic ions melt into molten aluminium this removes the coating and inks that may be present on the aluminium. The aluminium is then made into large blocks which is used to make other products.

(d) all of the above

(d) a little less than 47%

(c) Wind, Wood, Sun

(b) the blades of windmill are operated with the help of the electric motor

(d) all of the above

Proper utilization and management of nature and its resources in conservations.

1. False – Biogas is a natural gas 

2. True 

3. True 

4. False – Nuclear energy is non-renewable energy 

5. False – Overgrazing causes soil erosion 

6. False – Poaching of wild animals is an illegal act. 

7. True

(b) Separating biodegradable and non biodegradable before disposing in bins.

1. False – The devices used for harnessing wind is wind mill. 

2. True 

3. True 

4. False – 12% of e-wastes are from telecommunication components 

5. False – LED bulbs consume less electrical energy.

If trees are cut down it give rise to ecological problems like floods, drought, soil erosion, loss of wild life, extinction of species, imbalance of biogeochemical cycles, alternation of climatic conditions and desertification.

Agents of soil erosion are high velocity of wind, air currents, flowing water, land slide, human activities like deforestation, farming and mining overgrazing by cattle.

1. (a) Both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is correct explanation of Assertion.

2. (b) Both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.

If the habitual wild animals disturbed, the biological diversity cannot be maintained and cannot promote economic activities, which generates revenue to the government.

A. (iii) 

B. (i) 

C. (v) 

D. (ii) 

E. (iv)

(d) All the above

Correct option is: (b) 1 month

Correct option is: (c) 10-15 years