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Correct answer is (d) Forelimbs of whales, bats, cheetah and humans

For EXPLANATION: Forelimbs of whales, bats, cheetah and humans are HOMOLOGOUS organs. They all have SIMILAR structure but perform different functions. The remaining options are EXAMPLES of analogous organs.

Correct CHOICE is (d) Brachiosaurus

The BEST explanation: Tyrannosaurus belongs to the ANCESTRY line of Brachiosaurus. Here, crocodile belongs to the ancestral line of ARCHAEOPTERYX, whereas TRICERATOPS belongs to the ancestral line of Stegosaurus.

The CORRECT choice is (a) Variations

Easiest EXPLANATION: Darwin couldn’t explain why a few species develop useful variation and others have HARMFUL variations. Also, he was not able to tell the difference in between SOMATIC and germinal variations.

Right ANSWER is (c) Natural selection

To explain: Due to industrial revolution, the color of the trees VARIES and the population of white and black moths also varies accordingly. Absence of industries enhanced the population of white moths and reduced the GROWTH of black moths and vice versa. Hence, the species capable of surviving is selected by the NATURE.

Correct choice is (d) HERBERT Spencer

Explanation: Herbert Spencer gave the original IDEA of survival of the fittest. But ACCORDING to Darwin, fitness refers mainly only to reproductive fitness. Lamarck proposed use and disuse THEORY of organs. Mendel did EXPERIMENTS on genetics.

Correct answer is (b) Globe

Explanation: Millions of years ago, all the continents were present in the form of a single mass called PANGAEA. It was DUE to a PHENOMENON called continental drift; the whole land mass SPLIT into SEVEN respective continents.

Right option is (b) stochastic

Best EXPLANATION: EVOLUTION is a stochastic process, which means that it is focusing on chance mutations. Based on determinism, evolution is not a direct process. It is ALSO based on events that occurs in a chance.

Right choice is (a) True

To explain I would SAY: Darwin in his journey around the world, visited Galapagos ISLAND, where he discovered finches. He noticed the CHANGE in the modification of beaks of these finches and PROPOSED adaptive radiation.

Right OPTION is (c) ALFRED Russel Wallace

To elaborate: On the basis of flora and FAUNA, Alfred Wallace divided the world into SIX major biogeographical regions called realms. This was BASED on biogeographical distribution. He worked and researched in Malay Archipelago.

Right option is (a) Father Suarez

For explanation I WOULD say: Father Suarez was the GREATEST supporter of theory of SPECIAL CREATION. ABBE Lemaitre proposed the Big-bang theory whereas the use and disuse of organs theory was put forward by Lamarck.

Correct CHOICE is (a) REPRODUCTIVE

The best explanation: According to Darwin, reproductive fitness was the fitness required to survive in nature. It is the ABILITY to ADAPT and get selected by nature. They will produce more off springs than other SPECIES, and have better chance for survival.

Correct choice is (b) H.M.S Beagle

To explain I would say: Charles DARWIN had set voyage around the world in a ship NAMED H.M.S Beagle. He traveled to DIFFERENT ISLANDS to research about evolution. He found out that the existing living organisms had MANY similarities with life forms that existed millions of years ago.

The correct ANSWER is (d) The solar system CAME from a massive body

Explanation: Theory of special creation said that life has not changed a bit since its origin. Our solar system was formed from BIG bang and not from a massive body. The REMAINING options are the connotations of theory of special creation.

The correct option is (a) Haldane

Easiest explanation: Haldane had called water of PRIMITIVE sea as pre biotic soup or hot dilute soup. It is because the primitive OCEANS were rich in mixture of ORGANIC compounds, and was the GROUND for emergence of life.

The correct CHOICE is (d) CYANOBACTERIA

Explanation: The primitive ATMOSPHERE had no oxygen and reducing i.e. no free oxygen was available. It was converted into oxidizing NATURE by the emergence of cyanobacteria. They released oxygen into atmosphere by converting water into hydrogen and oxygen.

The CORRECT option is (a) Oparin

Explanation: Oparin’s theory was called Naturalistic theory or Theory of chemical EVOLUTION. This theory STATES that life originated by the COMPOSITION of chemicals, or life come from pre-existing nonliving organic.

The correct OPTION is (b) Hydrogen ATOMS were active and many in number

To explain I would say: The active hydrogen atoms reacted with free oxygen atoms forming water. So, the primitive ATMOSPHERE was reducing WITHOUT free oxygen unlike the present oxidizing atmosphere with free oxygen.

Correct answer is (b) 0.5 billion years

To EXPLAIN I WOULD say: Earth was formed about 4.5 billion years AGO whereas life ORIGINATED about 4 billion years ago. So, the time gap is about 0.5 billion years.

The correct choice is (d) Stanley Miller and Harold C. Urey

To explain I WOULD SAY: These two scientists, in their experiment showed the formation of simple amino acids and organic acids. They CONCLUDED life came from organic compounds.

Correct answer is (b) Oxygen

To ELABORATE: Oxygen was absent because due to the presence of high TEMPERATURE, active hydrogen atoms COMBINED with all oxygen atoms present to form water. This left no free oxygen in the atmosphere.

Right option is (d) AZOIC period

For EXPLANATION: Azoic period was the primitive era of no LIFE. It was the period in which the earth was created. Whereas life existed during the other periods mentioned above.

The CORRECT option is (c) Precambrian

Easy explanation: Precambrian is the period in which origin of life TOOK place. Devonian is CALLED the age of fishes, when fishes evolved. Cenozoic is called the age of mammals whereas MESOZOIC is called the age of REPTILES.

The correct choice is (a) True

For explanation I would say: Nucleic acids and enzymatic proteins combine together to form protocell or EOBIONTS. They were LIKE VIRUSES, that became ACTIVE when they entered into other eobionts. They originated in primitive oceans.

Correct ANSWER is (d) U.V rays and LIGHTENING

The best I can explain: All the synthetic PROCESSES obtained energy from the Sun and lightening. ALSO, other alternate sources like volcanic eruptions and ionizing radiations like X-rays. These were the only available sources of energy during primitive time.

The correct answer is (b) False

For explanation: Universe was created due to BIG bang THEORY and not life. Life originated about 4 billion YEARS ago whereas the Big bang TOOK place about 20 million years BACK.

Correct option is (b) 800°C

The explanation is: It was at 800°C in which the flask was MAINTAINED along with ELECTRIC discharge. A moderately high TEMPERATURE was required to KEEP the flask sterilized. Thus, creating AMINO acids as the product.

Right option is (d) AMINO acid

To explain I would say: Miller created a closed flask containing an electric discharge along with GASES MAINTAINED at 800°C. It RESULTED in the formation of amino acids. They had similarity with meteorite content which indicated that life CAME from outer space.

Correct option is (C) 4 BILLION years ago

The BEST I can explain: Life originated on earth about 4 billion years ago. That is life appeared 500 million years after the formation of earth. FIRST non-cellular forms of life originated 3 billion years ago.

Right option is (C) Germ theory of disease

Explanation: Louis Pasteur FOUND the Germ theory of DISEASES or Germ theory. He stated that life did not come from killed yeast in pre-sterilized flask. Whereas the flask OPENED to air, the NEW organisms arose from the killed yeast.

Correct choice is (a) PASTEUR

Easiest EXPLANATION: Pasteur is very famous for his Germ Theory. This theory DISPROVED spontaneous generation, as he had done an EXPERIMENT to prove that life came from pre-existing cells.

Correct answer is (a) Water

Explanation: Water is essential for origin of life, SINCE FIRST life originated in the water of oceans. After a long time, the water of primitive oceans had rich mixtures of ORGANIC compounds. This produced a platform for origin of life.

Correct option is (a) 1953

For EXPLANATION I WOULD say: Stanley Miller performed his experiment of the origin of life in 1953 whereas in 1809, Lamarck published his theory of evolution in Philosophie Zoologique. Louis Pasteur in 1864 demonstrated that life COMES only from preexisting life. In 1901, HUGO de VRIES put forward the mutation theory.

Correct answer is (d) Only SPONTANEOUSLY

Easiest explanation: This theory states that life ORIGINATES from nonliving things or decaying MATTER LIKE MUD, straw etc. spontaneously. It was theory which had no specific explanation. It was soon rejected.

Right OPTION is (b) Hydrogen, METHANE, ammonia, water

The best explanation: Hydrogen, methane, ammonia and water was kept in a closed flask with ELECTRICAL discharge. He PRODUCED a small living atmosphere in a lab experiment. The flask was MAINTAINED at 800C.

The correct OPTION is (C) Oxygen

The BEST I can explain: Oxygen was not found in FREE FORM. It was produced mainly by blue green algae. U.V rays broke down water vapor present in molten mass to oxygen and hydrogen.

Right option is (a) LOUIS Pasteur

For explanation I would say: Louis Pasteur in his swan neck FLASK experiment, FOUND out that LIFE originated from pre-existing life. He prepared sterilized syrup of sugar and later killed yeast by boiling them in FLASKS.

The CORRECT ANSWER is (a) 2000

The best explanation: It was 2000 million years back, when the FIRST cellular form of LIFE appeared. First non-cellular form of life originated about 3000 million years. Life appeared on earth about 4000 million years. The Earth was formed 4500 million years ago.

Correct answer is (a) Ernst HAECKEL

To explain: Ernst Haeckel stated this theory, which MEANS that life history REPEATS evolutionary history. This ALSO means that an organism during its development, repeats ancestral history. This theory helped in the research of ADVANCED evolution.

The correct answer is (B) Light years

For EXPLANATION: STELLAR distances are measured in light years. MAINLY used to measure the distance between EARTH and stars. Other units are not suitable for measuring such distances.