Explore topic-wise InterviewSolutions in Current Affairs.

In 1992 in Rio De-Janeiro in Brazil convened environment and development conference, also known as Earth summit’. More than 150 representatives of the world participated in it. 

The important subjects related to the environment were discussed in the summit.

1. Issue Related to Climate Change : Earth summit on climate change in Rio-deJaneiro was ratified by the member countries in which they pledged to reduce the emission of harmful gases to the level of 1990 by 2000. It was also decided to establish Global Environment Facility (GEF), a world bank for financial assistance. 

2. Protection of Biodiversity : The nations which participated in this summit hoped to protect biodiversity of the world. 

3. Agenda 21 : In this conference a historic document Agenda 21 of 800 pages was also prepared. It highlighted the important points which needed the attention of the world. Also under Socio-economic council of UNO, sustainable development commission was established. 

4. Financial Help to Developing Countries for the Implementation of Agenda 21: In the earth summit 1992 the developing countries tried to prove the fact that developed countries were more responsible for the damage of environment in comparison to developing countries. Thus developed nations accepted their greater responsibility and agreed to provide financial assistance through ‘Agenda 21’. 

5. Criticism of Developed Countries for not Shouldering the Responsibility of Environmental Pollution : The representatives of the summit showed environmental concerns, however they resisted the ratification of treaties related to this. For this action 77 developing countries criticised developed countries in Rio-De-Janeiro summit for not shouldering the responsibility of environmental pollution.

Correct option is B) 100%

Correct option is (B) 100%

Let the number be a.

\(\therefore\) Increasement = 2a - a = a

\(\therefore\) Increase in percent \(=\frac{\text{Increasement}}a\times100\)

\(=\frac aa\times100\) = 100%

Correct option is  B) ₹495

Correct option is (B) ₹495

Discount = 10% of 550

\(=\frac{10\times550}{100}\) = 55

\(\therefore\) Selling Price = Cost price - Discount

= 550 - 55 = Rs 495

A) M.P – discount

Correct option is (A) M.P – Discount

Selling Price = M.P. – Discount

Correct option is  A) 8%

Correct option is (A) 8%

Discount = Marked price - Selling price

= Rs (3600 - 3312)

= Rs 288

Discount in present \(=\frac{\text{Discount}}{\text{Marked price}}\times100\%\)

\(=\frac{288}{3600}\times100\)

\(=\frac{288}{36}=8\%\)

D) Rate of interest

Correct option is  B) ₹ 477

Correct option is (B) ₹ 477

Sales tax = 6% of Rs 450

= Rs \((\frac6{100}\times450)\)

= Rs 27

\(\therefore\) Cost after sales tax = Rs (450+27)

= Rs 477

It has been stated in the ninth mandal of Rigveda : 

• Moghamanna Vindate Apracheta 
• Satya bravimi Vadh itsa tatsya 
• Narmana Pusyati No Sankayam 
• Kewatagho bhavati Kevatadi

It means the one who eats alone without sharing with others intake sins. This implies that the resources must be shared commonly without concentration to one class of the society.

The term ‘Cold War’ stands for hostile and tense international relations between USA and USSR. It was based on political distrust, espionage and diplomatic manoeuvering. When both parties (America and USSR) involved, threaten each other on international platform to wage open war if their interests are not secured, this situation is termed as ‘Cold War’.

Cold War was the result of ideological differences which fose in the post world war era. One ideology was capitalist led by USA and another was communist headed by USSR. The idea of armed supremacy was visualised to become the superpower of the world.

In the Indian tradition, a year is divided into six two-monthly seasons. This cycle of seasons that the people in north and central India follow is based on their practical experience and age-old perception of weather phenomena. There is a slight variation in the timing of the seasons between northern and southern India. 

The seasons are :

1. Vasantha 

2. Grishma 

3. Varsha 

4. Sharad 

5. Hemantha 

6. Shishira

There are 10 provisions in the charter of SAARC.

Afghanistan became the 8th member of SAARC.

D) All the above

C) November – December

Correct Answer is: (b) Seventh

Correct Answer is: (d) In Japan

In 1942 C.E, Captain Mohan Singh an Indian soldier in the British army framed the ‘Azad Hind Eauj’ with the help of other Indian soldiers who had surrendered to Japan as war prisoners. However, when Mohan Singh had to resign his post, Rasbihari Bose appointed Subhash Chandra Bose as the chief of the ‘Azad Hind Fauj’ on 4th July 1943. He was given the honorary title of ‘Netaji.’ Netaji gave the slogans ‘Chalo Delhi’ and ‘Jai Hind’ to the Azad Hind Fauj. He toured countries of South-East Asia and appealed to Indians there to sacrifice all for India’s freedom with the words ‘You give me blood and I will give you freedom.’

(‘Turn mujhe khoon do, main tumhe azadi doonga.’) Subhash Chandra Bose established the Aarzi Hukumat-e-Azad Hind (Acting Government to free India) in Singapore in October 1943. This government declared war against England and America. Subhash Chandra Bose reorganised the Azad Hind Fauj. He became the Chief of Army and of the Aarzi Hukumat-e-Azad Hind. The soldiers were properly trained and divided into various battalions. The Fauj was victorious at many fronts on the Eastern Border of India, but had to retreat dur to shortage of food supply and heavy rain. In this way the contribution of the Azad Hind Fauj towards our freedom struggle was quite noteworthy.

Education in English paved the way for the rise of Indian nationalism. Western ideas and nationalism spread with English education. Learning English made Indians familiar with latest trends of the world. Thus they were inspired by the ideas of Democracy – from the American War of Independence and of ‘Liberty, Equality and Fraternity- from the French revolution. People began dreaming about a bright future of independent India.

The educated public of India came closer to one another. They came to know and understand each other’s thoughts. The feeling of being united and protesting against the injustice meted out and the exploitation done by the British government was awakened among Indians. The emotions of nationalism and new awakening developed in the educated public. In this way, English education actually played an important role in developing the feeling of nationalism among Indians.

Newspapers criticized the self-imposed rule practised by the British and encouraged feelings of revolt against the British government. They voiced the harassment of the public and laid bare the unjust attitude and the exploitation practised by the British government. Newspapers developed the feeling of nationalism and the desire for freedom among the people of India. In this way, newspapers awakened the feeling of nationalism among Indians in the 19th century.

To check the onward march of communism in South East Asia, America formed SEATO (South East Asian Treat Organisation). The USSR retaliated this move by forming a communist defence pact consisting of eight nations knows as ‘Warsaw Pact’ in 1955. It was an answer to NATO and SEATO. This pact was done in Warsaw (Poland) for formally gaining cooperation and mutual friendship.

Louis Hall writes that “It was a bitter state of tension between the two blocs, more dangerous than the armed conflict. It was the war of nerves.”

After the second World War, tension and hostility increased between USA and USSR. It was based on political distrust, espionage and diplomatic manoeuvering. When both the parties involved, threaten each other an international platform to wage open war if their interests are not secured, this situation is termed as ‘Cold War’. 

The cause of this were the following :

• To establish control over Eastern European countries by Soviet armies. 
• Holding a different view regarding acquisition of Italy by Germany. 
• Raising voice against the bombardment of Japan by USA. The above events laid the foundation of the Cold War

A letter issued by bank acting as a mediating agent for payment between exporter (in India) and importer (in foreign country) especially when the parties are unknown to each other is called- letter of credit.] [Underwriting is a detailed credit analysis by the bank before granting a loan to an individual or to a company. This analysis is done based on the information provided by the borrower.

A card allowing the holder to purouase goods and services on credit is called a credit card. Here, the holder borrows money from the bank on credit with an agreement of returning the money within the grace period provided by the bank.

Correct option is (a) increase in asset – increase in liability.

Correct option is (a) one would increase – another would decrease.

Correct option is (b) one would increase – another would decrease.

We arrive at the NNP by deducting the value of depreciation from Gross National Products. NNP = GNP (-) Depreciation.

Gross Value Added is called as GVA. It is the measure of the value of goods and services produced in an area (or) sector of an economy.

GVA = GDP + Subsidies – Taxes.

Civil Rights: The equality of status between groups and races.

Segregation: Keep one thing away from the other.

Secure Sockets Layer

i. This statement is False.

Book-Keeping means recording business transactions in a separate set of books and accountancy is the process of summarising and analyzing the business transactions which are recorded in the books of accounts, so book-keeping and accounting are not one and the same thing.

ii. This statement is True.

This accounting concept suggests that while preparing accounting statements, planning, policies, strategies, and budgets, all possible or anticipated losses must be taken into consideration. While unrealized prospective or anticipated profits should be ignored. This is known as “The policy of playing a safe game” or “Principal of Prudence”.

(c) Barter system

(c) Program Variable

(d) all of these

(d) It ensures non-integrity of information.

Correct Answer is: (a) Customer

f (x) = x⁴ – 62x² + ax + 9 

f'(x) = 4x³ – 124x + a 

at x = 1, the function has maximum value 

∴ f'(1) = 0 ⇒ 4 (1)² -124 (1) + a = 0, a = 120 

∴ when a = 120, the function attains maximum value.

Market is needed for the producers and consumers. For this there are various concepts: 

1. The products produced are to be marketed in the market for sales.

2. First create a consumer and then create products. 

3. Keep respect and love customers than the products. 

4. Customer is the king of the business.

According to Clark and Clark, market information means “all the facts, estimates, opinions and other information used in marketing of goods”. From the above definition the details about the market may be obtained from conducting market research and other inventory methods. Market research is solely concerned with the collection of information about the market. 

The following information may be collected:

1. Goods needed by the customers. 

2. Time and want of the goods 

3. Quality wanted 

4. Size of the market 

5. Means of transport

Use to Invent New product: Adequate and accurate information help in the formulation of policies. Based on the taste and preferences, demand and supply of the products, the company can introduce new product. Also the company has to increase the quality and number of products depending upon the information available.

1. Marketing is a connecting link between the consumer and the producer. 

2. Marketing helps in increasing the living standard of people, 

3. Marketing helps to increase the nation’s income.

4. Marketing process increases employment opportunities. 

5. Marketing helps to maintain economic stability and rapid development in various countries. To the Individual

Firms:

1. Marketing generates revenue to firms. 

2. Marketing gives information to the top management for taking overall decisions on production. 

3. Marketing and innovation are the two basic functions of all businesses.

Indemnifier and indemnity holder are the parties to the contract of indemnity.

Agent gets the remuneration in the form of fees or commission, whereas a servant gets the remuneration on the salary basis.

Meaning of Bailment : The word ‘bailment’ is derived from the French word ‘bailer’ which means to deliver. Sec. 148 defines bailment as the delivery of the goods by one person to another for some purpose upon a contract, that they shall, when the purpose is accomplished, be returned or otherwise disposed of, according to the direction of the person delivering them. The person delivering the goods is called the ‘bailor’ and the person to whom they are delivered is called the ‘bailee’.

Important Features of Bailment : 

1. The bailment is considered only with moveable goods. 

2. In contract of bailment, it is only possession of the goods which passes from the bailor to the bailee and not ownership. 

3. Bailment is done for some purpose. 

4. It is agreed between the bailor and the bailee that as soon as the purpose is achieved, the goods shall be returned or disposed off according to the direction’s of the bailor. 

5. Money deposited in a bank account is not the contract of bailment, as bank does not provide guarantee to pay the amount in the same coins / notes, but if a person keeps valuables, bonds, etc. it is a bailment contract. 

6. If inspite of the bailee’s reasonable care, goods are damaged or destroyed in any way, the bailee is not liable for the loss. 

7. Bailments are of two types :

• Gratuitous bailment, where no consideration passes between the bailor or the bailee.
• Non-gratuitous bailment, where some consideration passes between the bailor and the bailee.

8. Duties of Bailee : 

• To take reasonable care of the goods bailed,
• Not to make any unauthorised use of goods, 
• Not to mix the goods bailed with his own goods, 
• Not to set up adverse titles, 
• To return any accretion to the goods.

9. Duties of Bailor : 

• To disclose the known faults about the goods bailed  
• To bear extraordinary expenses of bailment 
• To receive back the goods 
• To indemnify the bailee, if the bailee suffers due to defective title of the goods or some other reason 
• To pay agreed consideration to the bailee.

The word ‘bailment’ is derived from French word Bailer, which means to deliver.

Bailment are of two types : 

•  Gratuitous Bailment : 

In gratutious bailment, no consideration passes between the bailor and the bailee. 

For example : when ‘A’ lends his book to ‘B’. 

•  Non-gratuitous Bailment : 

In non-gratuitous bailment, some consideration passes between the bailor and the bailee. 

For example : When ‘A’ hires a taxi from ‘B’.

The word ‘bailment’ is derived from the French word ‘Bailer’, which means to deliver. Sec. 148 defines bailment as the delivery of the goods by one person to another, for some purpose upon a contract, that they shall, when the purpose is accomplished, he returned or otherwise disposed of according to the directions of the person delivering them. The person delivering the goods is called the ‘bailor’ and person to whom they are delivered is called the ‘bailee’.

Duties of Bailor : 

1. To disclose the known faults about the goods bailed. 

2. To bear extraordinary expenses of bailment. 

3. To receive back the goods. 

4. To indemnify the bailee, if bailee suffers due to defective title of the goods or some other reason. 

5. To pay agreed consideration to bailee.

Duties of Bailee : 

1. To take reasonable care of the goods bailed. 

2. Not to make any unauthorised use of goods. 

3. Not to mix the goods with his own goods. 

4. To return any accretion to the goods. 

5. To return the goods at the expiry of bail. 

6. To pay compensation, if goods are not returned on time.

Baker and Anshen say, “The end of all the marketing activities is the satisfaction of human wants”. 

The following are the objectives of marketing:

1. Intelligent and capable application of modem marketing policies. 

2. To develop the marketing field. 

3. To develop guiding policies and their implementation for a good result

Here, P = Rs 1500, R = 9 p.c.p.a , T = 2 years 

∴ Total interest = (P x R x T)/100

= (1500 x 9 x 2)/100

= 1500 x 9 x 2 

= Rs 270 

∴ Total amount = Principal + Interest

= 1500 + 270 

= Rs 1770 

∴ Rihanna will get a total amount of Rs 1770.