Explore topic-wise InterviewSolutions in Current Affairs.

Correct answer is (B) atomic mass

Correct answer is (C) horizontal

Mass is neither created nor destroyed during a chemical reaction.

We can use different techniques like handpicking, sieving/filtration, flotation, crystallization, chromatography, sublimation, evaporation, distillation, fractional distillation, centrifugation, etc. to separate mixtures.

Colloids consist of two phases: disperse phase and dispersion medium.

Materials that are insoluble in a solvent and have particles that are visible to naked eyes are called suspension.

The concentration of a solution is the amount of solute in grams presents per 100 ml or per 100 g of the solution.

A solution is said to be dilute if the amount of solute is little and concentrate if the amount of solute is large.

Compounds: Compounds are pure substances that can be separated into two or more components only by means of a chemical reaction.

When no more solute can be dissolved in the solution at a certain temperature, it is said to be a saturated solution.

An amount of solute present in a saturated solution at a certain temperature is called its solubility.

Dispersion medium: It is the medium in which the colloidal particles are dispersed.

The continuous medium, such as a gas, liquid, or solid, in which a disperse phase is distributed.

Disperse phase: It is the substance that presents in small proportion and consists of particles of the colloidal size of mm to 100 nm.

Fractional distillation: Fractional distillation process is used to separate two or more miscible liquids when the difference in their boiling points is less than 25°C.

If the amount of solute contained in a solution is less than the saturation level, it is called an unsaturated solution.

Emulsion: Emulsion is a mixture consisting of two liquids, that do not mix and settle into layers when they are left undisturbed.

Element: An element is a basic form of matter that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical reactions.

Chromatography: Chromatography is a laboratory technique for the separation of mixtures into their individual components like inks and dyes.

Tyndall effect: The scattering of a beam of light is called the Tyndall effect.

Miscible liquid: A liquid is said to be miscible if it dissolves completely in another liquid.

Concentration: The amount of solute present in a given amount of solution (or) The amount of solute dissolved in a given volume of solution is called the concentration of the solution.

Solute: The component of the solution that is dissolved in the solvent, (usually the component present in lesser quantity) is called the solute.

Suspension: Materials that are insoluble in a solvent and have particles that are visible to naked eyes, form suspension. A suspension is a heterogeneous mixture.

Distillation: Distillation is used in the separation of components of a mixture containing two miscible liquids whose boiling points have a large difference (greater than 25°C).

Solvent: The component of the solution that dissolves the other component in it (usually the component present in larger quantity) is called the solvent.

Colloidal dispersions: Colloids are heterogeneous mixtures in which the particle size is too small to be seen with the naked eye but big enough to scatter light.

Colloids: These are heterogeneous in nature and always consist of at least two types of phases and scatter a beam of visible light.

The solute is the substance, that dissolved in the solvent,

The solvent is the substance that dissolves others in it.

The solution has two components i.e., solvent and solute.

The solution is a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances that we cannot separate by filtration.

The substance is homogeneous, when its composition doesn’t change, no matter which part of the substance we take for examination.

The mixture is made up of two or more components that are not chemically combined.

Mixtures are homogeneous and heterogeneous.

In our day to day language, pure means something with no adulteration.

The electronic configurations of the elements are:

Z (9): 1s² 2s² 2p⁵

Z (12): 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s²

Z (36): 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 3d¹⁰ 4s² 4p⁶

(a) The element with Z= 9 (fluorine) is highly electronegative because it requires only one electron to have the configuration of nearest noble gas element and has also very small size. It is, in fact the most electronegative 4 (0) in the periodic table.

(b) The element with Z = 36 (Krypton) is an inert gas element as it has ns² p⁶ electronic configuration.

(c) The element with Z = 12 (Magnesium) is highly electropositive in nature, since by losing two valence electrons, it will have the configuration of the noble gas neon.

This is because out of the various possible electronic configurations, only that configuration is correct for which the total spin value is maximum.

Hund’s rule or maximum multiplicity: Electron pairing does not take place until orbitals of same energy are singly occupied.

(i) ( Mn²⁺= 1s² , 2s²2p⁶ , 3s²3p⁶3d⁵ )

(ii) S² = 1s² , 2s²2p⁶ , 3s²3p⁶

Pairing of electrons in an orbital takes place only when all orbitals of same sub-shell become singly occupied. It helps to equalize energy of a sub-shell

The correct option is: (C) 30 

Explanation:

Let Arun has x books and Prabhat has y books. According to the question,

x - 3 = 1/2(y+3) => 2x = y + 9       ....(1)

Also, x + 2 = y - 2 => x + 4 = y             .....(2)

Solving (1) and (2), we get

x =13 and y = 17 => x + y = 30

(i) Let A = {0}

0 is a whole number but it is not a natural number.

∴ A = {x / x ∈ W, x ∉ N}

(ii) Let B = {0, ±1, ±2, ±3}

B is the set of elements which belongs to Z from -3 to 3.

∴ B = {x /x ∈ Z, -3 ≤ x ≤ 3}

(iii) Let C = {1/2, 2/5, 3/10, 4/17, 5/26, 6/37, 7/50}

∴ C = {x/x = \(\frac{n}{n^2+1}\), n ∈ N, n ≤ 7}

(iv) Let D = {0, -1, 2, -3, 4, -5, 6, …}

∴ D = {x/x = (-1)n-1 × (n – 1), n ∈ N}

(i) A = {M, O, V, E, N, T}

(ii) B = {-1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4}

(iii) C = {3, 5, 7, 9, … }

(i) Faster railways, lighter wagons, and larger ships helped food to reach more cheaply and quickly from far away farms to markets. 
(ii) Earlier the animals were shipped live from America to Europe, many died on the way or became unfit to eat. Thus meat became expensive.

(iii) Refrigerated ships: The animals could be slaughtered ai the starting point of America, Australia or New Zealand and transported to Europe as frozen meat. 
(iv) This reduced the shipping cost and lowered prices in Europe. 
(v) The poor could add variety to their food and it improved their living condition.

(i) Faster railways, lighter wagons, and larger ships helped food to reach more cheaply and quickly from far away farms to markets.
(ii) Earlier the animals were shipped live from America to Europe, many died on the way or became unfit to eat. Thus meat became expensive.

(iii) Refrigerated ships: The animals could be slaughtered ai the starting point of America, Australia or New Zealand and transported to Europe as frozen meat.
(iv) This reduced the shipping cost and lowered prices in Europe.
(v) The poor could add variety to their food and it improved their living condition.

Instances of white-collar crime is Urban society.

Individual status in urban society is mostly achieved.

Providing a Sociological analysis of human culture and society.

Interpersonal Relations, Rural and Urban life marriage and family, Social differentiation are the specialised fields of Sociology.

Method in which Sociology is making use of its study of society, needs scientific method with objectives, were believe theoretical science of society and a systematic investigation of behavior were needed to improve society.