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General Rules:

• The raiders on their turns shall go to the court of the opponents sounding the cant of ‘Kabaddi’. They shall continue sounding the cant within one and the same breath till they return.
• The raider shall touch at least the boundary line of the opponent’s court. If he even does not do so, the umpire can ask him for the second raid. If he fails to touch the boundary line even then, the opposing team is awarded one point.
• No player can have two successive raids. Each player has to raid at least once in each half of the circle.
• When a player is returning after having touched his anti, he cannot be pursued until he has crossed the essential line of his side
• If a raider touches any of his opponents and returns to his court, his side gets 1 point.
• If a player of the defending team causes an obstruction, the raiding team is at once awarded one point.
• During the time of touching and holding between a raider and the player of the opposing team, all the rest of the players are considered temporarily out until a point is scored.
• If a raider goes out of the boundary line, the anti-team shall get 1 point. If both the players cross the boundary line, neither side is awarded a point. The point is considered to be common in such a case.
• A hold or an attack which may put a player’s life in danger is forbidden.
• Applying oil on the body or increasing nails of hands and feet are forbidden.
• Coaching of any type from the outside is forbidden.
• If a raider touches his opponent or the opponent touches the raider, then both pursue each other till the sounding of the cant. No other player can hold the raider.
• No one can hold a player by hair.
• The opponent cannot prevent a raider from sounding the cant by shutting his mouth.
• Improper or indecent words cannot be used during the play.
• No player can go out for drinking water until the game ends.
• The players can use soil on their hands.
• The umpire can ask each of those players who have not taken their turns to sound the cant and raid.
• The leg-scissors cannot be used on a raider without first being held.
• No player can slap any other person.

Important Information about the Punjab Style Kabaddi Game

• Shape of Kabaddi Playground = Circular
• Radius of Circle = 65’to 75′(50 to 70 m)
• Distance of Gate in Centre Line = 20′(6.10 m)
• Marking of Gate = Two soil mounds are built
• The diameter of each pole = 6″ ( 15 cm)
• Duration of play = 20-20 Minutes
• Time of Interval = 5 Minutes
• Playing Members of a team = 14 Players,6 Substitutes
• Officials of the match = Two Umpires, One-Referee, one scorer, one time keeper.
• The game is played between two teams. Each team consists of 14 players and 6 substitutes.
• In case a player is injured during the play, he is replaced by a substitute.
• A player can participate in this game on bare foot.
• No player can wear an iron bangle (‘Karra’), ring etc. during the play.
• No player can have two successive raids.
• A hold or attack which may endanger the life of a player is forbidden. Coaching to the players from outside the playfield is forbidden.
• The opposing player cannot prevent a player from sounding the cant of ‘Kabaddi-Kabaddi’ by shutting his mouth.
• No player can take part in the game after having applied oil on his body.
• If a raider loses the cant on the way, the referee asks for the cant again.

Auxins & gibberellins 

Prolactin stimulates the production of milk after childbirth. Oxytocin helps milk ejection from the mammary gland after childbirth.

Correct Answer is (c) Oxytocin

Correct Answer is: (a) LH

1. Masticate the food thoroughly in the mouth. 

2. Do not swallow food without chewing properly or do not eat in hurry. 

3. Eat small quantities of food at regular intervals for efficient digestion and absorption of nutrients. 

4. Eat the food that emit good smell and has good taste to eat. 

5. Do not eat too hot and too cold items.

Yeast shows both aerobic and anaerobic respiration depending upon the presence or absence of oxygen. 

1. In absence of oxygen, the pyruvate undergoes anaerobic respiration where it is decarboxylated to acetaldehyde. The acetaldehyde is then reduced by NADH+H to ethanol and carbon dioxide. This type of anaerobic respiration is termed alcoholic fermentation. 

2. In the presence of oxygen however, it can respire aerobically to produce CO₂ and H₂O.

Diseases where microbes are the immediate causes are called infectious diseases.

Metals are good conductors of heat. So immersion rods for heating liquids are made up of metals.

Diamond (allotrope of carbon) is extremely hard.

Typhoid is transmitted by the food and water contaminated with the faces of infected individual.

Potential energy of a magnetic dipole in a uniform magnetic field U = – MB cos q; clearly the potential energy is maximum when cos θ = – 1 or θ = π That is, potential energy is maximum when magnetic dipole with its magnetic moment \(\underset{M} \rightarrow\) is oriented opposite to the direction of magnetic field (or angle between \(\underset{M} \rightarrow\) and \(\underset{B} \rightarrow\) is 180°).

The field lines are shown in the figure alongside. The magnetic field lines of magnet form continuous closed loops and are directed from N to S pole outside the magnet and S to N pole inside the magnet and forms closed loops.

Two magnetic field lines cannot intersect because at the point of intersection, these will be two directions of magnetic field which is impossible.

Two magnetic field lines cannot intersect because at the point of intersection, these will be two directions of magnetic field which is impossible.

In a nuclear reactor fuel rods are used to provide a suitable fissionable material such as ^{\(^{236}_{92}U\).}

Control rods are used to start or stop the reactor. Moderators are used to slow down the fast neutrons ejected in a nuclear fission to the appropriate lower speeds. Material used as a coolant removes the energy released in the nuclear reaction by converting it into thermal energy for production of electricity.

In a nuclear reactor, a nuclear fission chain reaction is used in a controlled manner, while in a nuclear bomb, the nuclear fission chain reaction is not controlled, releasing tremendous energy in a very short time interval.

[Note : The first nuclear bomb (atomic bomb) was dropped on Hiroshima in Japan on 06 August 1945. The second bomb was dropped on Nagasaki in Japan on 9 August 1945.]

1. A Mariner’s Compass is a magnetic needle used in navigation to show direction by deflections. 

2. It is a direction-finding instrument used in navigation. 

3. It is placed on the maps, grounds, decks as it will point to the magnetic north pole. 

4. It has two or more magnets permanently attached to a compass card which moves freely on a pivot. 

5. The needle fixed on the compass bowl indicates the ship’s heading position.

An electromagnet is called a temporary magnet because it produces magnetic field so long as current flows in its coil.

Three forms of energy which could be harnessed from the sea are: 

(i) Tidal energy 

(ii) Wave energy 

(iii) Ocean thermal energy. 

Sea-waves energy can be harnessed by by the following ways: 

1. By setting up floating generators in the sea which would move up and down with the seawaves and their movement would drive the generators to produce electricity. 

2. By letting the sea-waves move up and down inside large tubes so that when the waves move up, the air in the tubes is compressed and this compressed air can then be used to turn a turbine of a generator to produce electricity. 

The energy available due to the difference in the temperature of water at the upper surface and the deeper layers of ocean is known as ocean thermal energy. Ocean thermal energy is used to generate electricity in an Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion power plant (OTEC power plant). A temperature difference of 20^oC or more between the surface water and deeper water is needed for the operation of these plants. The warm surface water of ocean is used to boil a liquid like ammonia or chlorofluorocarbon. The high pressure of liquid vapours is used to turn the turbine of a generator and produce electricity. 

Large amount of fossil fuels are burnt everyday in power stations to heat up water to produce steam which further runs the turbine to generate electricity. Many thermal plants are set up near coal or oil fields. In these plants fuel is burnt to produce heat energy which is converted into electrical energy.

Large amount of fossil fuels are burnt everyday in power stations to heat up water to produce steam which further runs the turbine to generate electricity. Many thermal power plant is used since fuel is burnt to produce heat energy which is converted into electrical energy.

Two electric lines of force can never cross each other because if they cross, there will be two directions of electric field at the point of intersection (say A); which is impossible.

First of all 1/500 solution of oleie acid is prepared in alcohol by dissolving 1 cm³ of oleic acid in 500 cm³ of alcohol. Put n drops of this solution on the surface of water. Thus a film of oleic is formed. This film is stretched so that its thickness is just equal to the molecular size. With passage of time, alcohol is evaporated and a with layer of oleic acid is formed on the surface on water.

The area of thin layer is measured with a tracing paper and a grapn paper.

Volume of n drops = nv

Volume of oleic acid in n drops of solution

= nV X 1/500 cm³.

Now thickness of film = Volume of film/Area of film

t = nv/500 x 1/A cm

Since thickness of film is equal to the molecular size and hence size of the molecule can be Calculated.

An incompressible fluid is one which does not undergo change in volume for a large range of pressures. Thus, its density has a constant value throughout the fluid. In most cases, all liquids are incompressible.

According to principle of continuity, av = a constant, or v ∝ 1/a, i.e., as the water flows from wider tube to narrow tube, its velocity increases. According to Bernoulli's Principle (P + 1/2 ρv² = a constant) where velocity is large, the pressure is less.

In a stream-line flow of a liquid, according to equation of continuity, av = a constant, where 'a' is the area of cross-section and v is the velocity of the liquid flow. When water flowing in broader pipe enters a narrow pipe, the area of cross-section of the water decreases, therefore, the velocity of water increases.

Correct Answer is: (d)

The change in pressure with velocity is due to Bernoulli’s principle, and is not affected by viscosity.

Correct Answer is: (d) Water flowing out through a hole in the side of a tank

When water flows out of a hole in a tank, it is in contact with the edges of the hole over a very small area, and therefore viscosity effects are small. 

[η] = [M¹L^–1T^–1] 

[T] = [M¹L^–2L⁰]

The shape of the aeroplane is streamlined because when it flies in air. The velocity on the top surface is more than the bottom surface. Hence the pressure on the top surface decreases. This causes an upward thrust on the wings of the place which gives uplift to the aeroplane.

False 

The principle does not hold good in this particular case as the vessel in free fall is in a condition of weightlessness, where the buoyant force accounting for the Archimedes’s principle does not exist.

The rise or fall of liquid in a capillary tube is due to surface tension. If the liquid wets the glass then there is rise in the liquid inside the capillary tube.

(A) is greater at A than at B

Given: 

V_i = 100 litre

V_f = 100.5 litre

Change in volume,

ΔV = V_f - V_i = 100.5 - 100 = 0.5 litre

Volumetric strain = ΔV/V_i = 0.5/100 = 5 x 10^-3

Pressure increase, p = 100.0 atm = 100 x 1.013 x 10⁵ Pa

= 1.013 x 10⁷ Pa

Bulk modulus, K = p/(ΔV/V_i) = 1.013 x 10⁷/5 x 10^-3 = 2.026 x 10⁹ Pa

The fight among people in the name of religion.

1. Subhash Chandra Bose was bom on 23rd January, 1897 in Cuttack in Orissa (Odisha) in a Bengali family.

2. His father Rai Bahadur Janikinath Bose was a government lawyer in British judiciary. His mother Parvati Devi was a social worker as well as a philanthropist.

3. After clearing his examination from Calcutta’s Presidence College, he went to England for further studies.

4. He passed one of the most difficult exams of ICS (Indian Civil Service) at fourth number and returned to Calcutta.

5. The insulting attitude of the British professors towards Indians at the Presidency College planted the seeds of revolution in the mind of Subhash Chandra Bose. So, be became an active member of the National Assembly.

6. He joined the Swarajya Party in 1923. Soon, he became a very popular leader among youths.

7. He was imprisoned several times because he always remained at the front in the Civil Disobedience.

8. He was elected as president of the Congress convention at Haripura (Surat) at the young age of 41 and showcased his ability quite well.

9. Later, when difference of opinions increased between him and Gandhiji, he left, Congress, and established his own party called the Forward Bloc.

10. The British arrested him under Indian Defence Code. The British called him a national prisoner and treated him very badly in the jail.

11. His health deteriorated continuously because he went on fast ‘unto the death’.

12. The British shifted him to his house and kept him as a prisoner there.

13. He dressed up as ‘pathan’ and travelled from Calcutta to Peshawar, Kabul, Iran and Russia and reached Berlin (Germany) on 28th March, 1942.

14.Indians living in Germany gave him a warm welcome. There, through Berlin Radio, he urged Indians to fight against the British Empire.

15. On 29th May, 1941, he met Hitler in Germany and discussed in detail about the independence of India.

Under Azad Hind Fauj, Bose in his speeches and on radio, gave slogans like ‘Chalo Delhi’ (Let’s march to Delhi) and “Turn Mujhe khoon do, mein tumhe Azadi doonga” (Give me blood, I will give you freedom).

(C) मैडम भिखाई कामा

B. Lala Lajpatrai

Correct option is B. 10 years

A. Subhash Chandra Bose

(A) Quit India Movement:

1. When the world was fighting the Second World War, the Congress Working Committee decided to end the Individual Satyagraha in January, 1942.
2. The British Government needed help from India to fight the war. So it sent Cripps Mission to India for constitutional reforms that India wanted and to decide India independence.
3. However, the British again cheated Indians through Cripps Mission. Therefore, people of India totally lost their faith in the British.
4. Hence, to give a final fight to the British, Gandhiji under the working committee of Congress held at Mumbai, announced to start ‘Quit India Movement’ on 9th August, 1942.
5. On the very second day of his resolution, the British arrested Gandhiji, Vallabhabhai Patel, Jawaharlal Nehru, Maulana Azad and other eminent Congress leaders.
6. The British also banned newspapers.
7. They arrested various regional and district level Congress leaders.
8. Arrest of Gandhiji and other leaders resulted in nationwide strike.
9. Gandhiji said “This is the last fight in my life and, therefore, people of India should make all attempt to achieve independence”. He gave the slogan “Do or Die”.

(B) Strikes during the Quit India Movement:

1. Workers went on strike in factories. Workers of iron factories in Jamshedpur and cotton mills at Madras also went on strike.
2. About 1 lakh mill workers of 75 cotton mill industries of Ahmedabad went on peaceful strike for 105 days.
3. Colleges and Schools also went on strike.
4. The markets of Ahmedabad remain closed for nearly three and half months.

(C) Harmful activities during Quit India Movement:

1. The British tried to suppress it violently and cruelly.
2. This ignited people’s anger and they reached violently. People ransacked and also destroyed post offices, telegram departments, police stations, railway stations, government buildings, school and college buildings, railway tracks, bridges and roads.
3. People also looted government assets and set on fire government properties.
4. The railway department incurred heaviest losses of all.
5. People also threw bombs in many areas.

(D) Failure of the government in crushing the struggle:

1. The government tried to suppress the movement.
2. It government imprisoned more than 70,000 people and fired 538 gunshots.
3. About 1028 people lost their lives and about 3200 were injured.
4. Students were injured in gunshots majority in Ahmedabad and Patna.
5. A unique political consciousness was created among people.
6. Through this movement, people gave a clear warning to the British Government and a message to the world that India cannot be kept under slavery.

Mountbatten presented his plan for partitioning India on 24th March, 1947. 

1. Subhash Chandra Bose organized the Indian National Army (INA) to carry on the struggle for Indian’s freedom from the British rule.

2. People gave Subhash Bose the title of ‘Netaji’.

3. Bose in his speeches and on ratio, gave slogans like ‘Chalo Delhi’ (Let’s march to Delhi) and “Turn Mujhe Khoon Do, Mein Tumhe Azadi Doonga’. (Give me blood, I will give you freedom).

4. In Singapore, Subhash Chandra Bose formed a provisional Indian government to free India and became its Prime Minister.

5. This government was recognized by countries of Japan, Germany, Italy, nationalized China and Burma.

6. Netaji visited Andaman and Nicobar Islands and renamed them as ‘Shaheed’ i.e., Martyr and ‘Swarajya’ i.e., Independence respectively.

7.  In May, 1944 Netaji’s military units captured Rangoon, Prom and Kohima.

8. Then it marched towards Imphal. ‘

9. Meanwhile, America dropped two bombs in Japanese cities Nagasaki and Hiroshima. This ruined Japan economically and so it stopped providing financial assistance to the provision government.

10. Also, British aircrafts started warfare against Azad Hind Fauj and so its condition became critical.

Correct answer is (C) hydrogen

A heterogeneous mixture is a mixture made up of different substances, or the same substance in different stages which are not uniformly distributed in it.